To determine the safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in the primary treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis.
A Phase II, multicentre, European, non-comparative, open study ...to assess the use of AmBisome in 23 patients (26 enrolments) with cryptococcosis. Dose requirements, mycological response and toxicity were documented.
Hospital-based HIV units.
Twenty-three HIV-1-seropositive patients.
Drug toxicity, assessed in 25 enrolments, was well-tolerated with little renal, hepatic or haematological toxicity. Eighteen out of 23 (78%) enrolments responded clinically. Nineteen enrolments had cryptococcal meningitis: sterilization of spinal fluid was achieved in 12 out of the 18 (67%) who were mycologically evaluable. Fourteen out of the 19 (74%) responded clinically.
AmBisome is well-tolerated and may be an effective formulation in the treatment of cryptococcosis.
We discuss the consequences of the quantum uncertainty on the spectrum of the electron emitted by the \(\beta\)-processes of a tritium atom bound to a graphene sheet. We analyze quantitatively the ...issue recently raised in Cheipesh et al., Phys. Rev. D 104, 116004 (2021), and discuss the relevant time scales and the degrees of freedom that can contribute to the intrinsic spread in the electron energy. We perform careful calculations of the potential between tritium and graphene with different coverages and geometries. With this at hand, we propose possible avenues to mitigate the effect of the quantum uncertainty.
Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate incidence of adverse cardiac events in patients with chest pain with or without known existing coronary disease presenting normal electrocardiogram ...(ECG) and initial troponin. Methods Prospective, nonrandomized study enrolled low-risk patients with normal ECG and troponin on admission who underwent observation and/or stress testing by unstandardized clinical judgment. Patients who experienced recurrent angina or positive ECGs or positive troponins during observation or patients with positive stress testing were admitted; otherwise, they were discharged. End Point The end points are cardiac events at short- and long-term follow-up including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and revascularization. Results Of 5656 patients considered, 1732 with ischemic ECG were initially admitted and, therefore, excluded from the analysis; 2860 with pleuritic chest pain and normal ECG were discharged; 1064 with visceral chest pain and normal ECG were enrolled. Patients with known coronary disease (45%) were older and likely presented known vascular disease. Patients with known vascular disease, older age, female sex, diabetes mellitus, and lower chest pain score were likely managed with observation. In patients with known coronary disease as compared with patients without, overall cardiac events account for 35% vs 14%, respectively ( P < .001), as follows: in-hospital, 23% vs 10%, ( P < .001); 1 month, 4% vs 2% ( P = .133); and 9.9 ± 4.9 months, 8% vs 2%, respectively ( P < .001). Conclusions One-third of patients with chest pain with known coronary disease, negative ECG, and biomarkers were subsequently found to have adverse cardiac events. The value of this research for an emergency medicine audience could be extended to all clinicians and general practitioners beyond cardiologists.
The formation of fine BaTiO
3 particles by reaction between liquid TiCl
4 and Ba(OH)
2 in aqueous solution at 85 °C and pH⩾13 has been studied for 0.062⩽Ba
2+⩽0.51 mol l
−1. The concentration of Ba
...2+ ions has a strong influence on reaction kinetics, particle size and crystallite size. When Ba
2+>≈0.12 mol l
−1, the precipitate consists of nanosized (≈30 nm) to submicron (100–300 nm) particles of crystalline BaTiO
3. At lower concentrations, the final product is a mixture of crystalline BaTiO
3 and a Ti-rich amorphous phase even for very long reaction times. A two-steps precipitation mechanism is proposed. Initially, a Ti-rich amorphous precipitate is rapidly produced. Reaction between the amorphous phase and the Ba
2+ ions left in solution then leads to crystallisation of BaTiO
3. In addition to nucleation and growth of nanocrystals, the final size and morphology of BaTiO
3 particles obtained at low concentration can be determined by aggregation of nanocrystals and heterogeneous nucleation on existing crystal surfaces.
Actual solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for a two-fermion bound system are becoming available directly in Minkowski space, by virtue of a novel technique, based on the so-called Nakanishi ...integral representation of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude and improved by expressing the relevant momenta through light-front components, i.e. \(k^\pm=k^0 \pm k^3\). We solve a crucial problem that widens the applicability of the method to real situations by providing an analytically exact treatment of the singularities plaguing the two-fermion problem in Minkowski space, irrespective of the complexity of the irreducible Bethe-Salpeter kernel. This paves the way for feasible numerical investigations of relativistic composite systems, with any spin degrees of freedom. We present a thorough comparison with existing numerical results, evaluated in both Minkowski and Euclidean space, fully corroborating our analytical treatment, as well as fresh light-front amplitudes illustrating the potentiality of non perturbative calculations performed directly in Minkowski space.
The longitudinal asymmetry induced by parity-violating (PV) components in the nucleon-nucleon potential is studied in the charge-exchange reaction 3He(n,p)3H at vanishing incident neutron energies. ...An expression for the PV observable is derived in terms of T-matrix elements for transitions from the {2S+1}L_J=1S_0 and 3S_1 states in the incoming n-3He channel to states with J=0 and 1 in the outgoing p-3H channel. The T-matrix elements involving PV transitions are obtained in first-order perturbation theory in the hadronic weak-interaction potential, while those connecting states of the same parity are derived from solutions of the strong-interaction Hamiltonian with the hyperspherical-harmonics method. The coupled-channel nature of the scattering problem is fully accounted for. Results are obtained corresponding to realistic or chiral two- and three-nucleon strong-interaction potentials in combination with either the DDH or pionless EFT model for the weak-interaction potential. The asymmetries, predicted with PV pion and vector-meson coupling constants corresponding (essentially) to the DDH "best values" set, range from -9.44 to -2.48 in units of 10^{-8}, depending on the input strong-interaction Hamiltonian. This large model dependence is a consequence of cancellations between long-range (pion) and short-range (vector-meson) contributions, and is of course sensitive to the assumed values for the PV coupling constants.
The simultaneous, diffusion-controlled growth of GdFeO sub(3) (perovskite) and Gd sub(3)Fe sub(5)O sub(12) (garnet) was studied at 1200-1400 degree C in Gd sub(2)O sub(3 )-Fe sub(2)O sub(3) diffusion ...couples. Both compounds were found to grow as parallel layers according to the parabolic rate law. The parabolic rate constants of the second kind for the exclusive growth of each compound (k super(I) sub(1) super(I) sub( )for GdFeO sub(3), k super(I) sub(2) super(I) for Gd sub(3)Fe sub(5)O sub(12)) were calculated from the experimentally determined rate constants of the first kind assuming coupling between diffusion fluxes and chemical reactions at phase boundaries. In the case of GdFeO sub(3), the calculated values of k sub(1) super(II) are in good agreement with the experimental values measured on Gd sub(3 )Fe sub(5)O sub(12)-Fe sub(2)O sub(3) couples, where exclusive growth of GdFeO sub(3) is observed. Growth of the perovskite phase, probably related to formation of gaseous Fe(OH) sub(2), is also observed on Gd sub(2)O sub(3)-gas-Fe sub(2)O sub(3) couples. The values of k super(I) sub(2) super(I) for of Gd sub(3)Fe sub(5)O sub(12) are very close to those found for the growth of the isostructural compound Y sub(3)Fe sub(5 )O sub(12). The most likely reaction mechanism is the coupled diffusion of Gd super(3+) and O super(2-) for garnet growth and the coupled diffusion of Fe super(3+) and O super(2-) for perovskite growth. The activation energy is approximately 550 kJ mol super(-1) for Gd sub(3)Fe sub(5)O sub(12) and approximately 400 kJ mol super(-1) for GdFeO sub(3). copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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