The electronics era is flourishing and morphing itself into Internet of Everything, IoE. At the same time, questions arise on the issue of electronic materials employed: especially their natural ...availability and low-cost fabrication, their functional stability in devices, and finally their desired biodegradation at the end of their life cycle. Hydrogen bonded pigments and natural dyes like indigo, anthraquinone and acridone are not only biodegradable and of bio-origin but also have functionality robustness and offer versatility in designing electronics and sensors components. With this Perspective, we intend to coalesce all the scattered reports on the above-mentioned classes of hydrogen bonded semiconductors, spanning across several disciplines and many active research groups. The article will comprise both published and unpublished results, on stability during aging, upon electrical, chemical and thermal stress, and will finish with an outlook section related to biological degradation and biological stability of selected hydrogen bonded molecules employed as semiconductors in organic electronic devices. We demonstrate that when the purity, the long-range order and the strength of chemical bonds, are considered, then the Hydrogen bonded organic semiconductors are the privileged class of materials having the potential to compete with inorganic semiconductors. As an experimental historical study of stability, we fabricated and characterized organic transistors from a material batch synthesized in 1932 and compared the results to a fresh material batch.
We report on the investigation of stearic acid-layered double hydroxide (LDH) composite films, with controlled wettability capabilities, deposited by a combined pulsed laser deposition ...(PLD)-matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) system. Two pulsed lasers working in IR or UV were used for experiments, allowing the use of proper deposition parameters (wavelength, laser fluence, repetition rate) for each organic and inorganic component material. We have studied the time stability and wettability properties of the films and we have seen that the morphology of the surface has a low effect on the wettability of the surfaces. The obtained composite films consist in stearic acid aggregates in LDH structure, exhibiting a shift to hydrophobicity after 36 months of storage.
Vacuum processed emeraldine base polyaniline is employed as gate insulating layer in organic field effect transistors. Both polyaniline and the small molecule semiconductor (i.e., C60) layers are ...successively evaporated without breaking the vacuum in the evaporation chamber, suggesting the applicability of evaporation processes as industrial route for the fabrication of OFETs.
The present study reveals the synthesis of metallic particles at atmospheric pressure using a radiofrequency low‐temperature argon plasma jet. Copper bulk material of the powered electrode acted as ...solid precursor in the process and the metallic particles were obtained directly in gaseous environment. The particles were collected onto Si (100)‐oriented substrates downstream of the atmospheric plasma jet and were ex situ characterized via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. We obtained copper particles, reddish brown in color, either of nano‐ or micro‐metric sizes. Additionally, the plasma species and gas temperature were determined by OES. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that conversion of bulk metals into particles is possible at atmospheric pressure using a radiofrequency plasma jet and the development of several applications is recommended.
The study presents the growth of metal particles at atmospheric pressure using a cold radiofrequency plasma jet. The deposition, obtained by the plasma jet, uses as solid precursor the electrode copper material. Copper particles of nano‐metric and micro‐metric size, which do not tend to agglomerate and do not stick on the substrate are fabricated.
Thin films of electrochromic (EC) materials are being used as energy saving platforms. However, manufacturing high quality of such films while ensuring their superior stability and high coloration ...availability, as well as their persistency in diverse conditions of temperature and/or illumination, is challenging. Herein we proposed to create the next generation of composites that display EC characteristics using a user-controlled manufacturing strategy based on Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE). In our approach, tungsten trioxide and graphene oxide were employed as starting materials, with MAPLE controlling material deposition conditions and overall composites’ thickness. The resulting EC composites were characterized for their chemical and physical properties using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy respectively, with changes in their electrochemical characteristics being evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and related to film thickness through the use of spectrophotometry. It was found that MAPLE deposition conditions allow for formation of composites that display enhanced electron transport capabilities and high energy efficiency at their interfaces; further, it was found that MAPLE allowed for uniform films production, of controlled thickness as well as eliminated possible impurities normally associated with other methods used for EC films production such as sputtering, sol–gel or electrodeposition, and chemical wet deposition respectively. Our work could potentially provide a user-controlled synthesis and manufacturing strategy for the formation of next generation of EC thin films that have minimum interfacial defects while possessing maximum conversion efficiency to thus influence and/or dictate their energy saving profiles.
•Tungsten trioxide and graphene oxide were used to form electrochromic composites with controlled thickness and uniformity.•Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) allowed composites deposition in a user-controlled fashion and with no impurities.•Demonstrated laser induced transfer led to energy transfer interfaces that dictated composite characteristics and applicability for energy saving platforms.
Cyclic voltammetry preliminary studies carried out on commercial carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) confirmed an irreversible reduction process of glutamate in aqueous solutions of monosodium ...glutamate (MSG). Modified carbon SPEs coated with Ni3Al-CO3 layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) film were prepared by pulse laser deposition (at 1064, 532, 355 and 266 nm wavelength). Also, carbon electrodes were covered with NiAl-LDH film and NiAl LDH + graphene composite film by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (at 266 nm). Both prepared LDH powder used as laser target and LDH films were characterized by XRD. LDH and LDH-composite films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, AFM and contact angle measurements. All cyclic voltammograms recorded at 0.08 V/s on bare carbon screen-printed electrode and modified electrodes coated with different LDH films exhibited a linear dependence for cathodic peak current vs. MSG concentration. Compared to the slope value (2.563±0.262 μAcm−2μM−1) obtained in the case of bare carbon screen-printed electrode, the sensitivity performances of the modified electrodes were substantially increased. The best results were recorded under optimum conditions for graphene composite film, namely a value of 8.567±0.565 μAcm−2μM−1. Cyclic voltammetry tests of modified electrodes prepared by laser technique with addition of radiofrequency plasma indicated a negative effect on surface electroactivity, with drastically reducing the quality of MSG cathodic voltammetric signal.
Back Cover: Plasma Process. Polym. 8∕2015 Lazea-Stoyanova, Andrada; Vlad, Angela; Vlaicu, Aurel Mihai ...
Plasma processes and polymers,
08/2015, Letnik:
12, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Back Cover: Conversion of bulk metals into nano‐ and microparticles is possible with atmospheric pressure plasma jets. The image show a SEM micrograph of copper particles fabricated from the powered ...electrode using an argon plasma jet sustained by a radiofrequency discharge. Further details can be found in the article by Andrada Lazea‐Stoyanova et al. on page 705.
The paper focuses on the main ideas conveyed in articles and specialized theses on euthanasia, the principles that either support or combat it, the morality of the new permissive legislation in the ...field and the reasons why certain behaviors related to the end-of-life option are vehemently criticized today and cataloged as deviants in some countries. The debate on euthanasia has been of increasing interest lately, especially as medical technological advances have led to notable changes in the age structure of populations. More and more people with debilitating conditions have vital functions maintained artificially or they are resuscitated, even when they do not appreciate the quality of their own life. By the end of the twentieth century, all these aspects came to the attention of sociologists, who began to analyze the implications of technological and normative changes in the evolution of social relations. Some people consider there is a right for everyone to decide how they depart from this world, and according to others, claiming this right is a fundamental sin over the divine gift, life.
International documents contain explicit provisions for public recognition of the phenomenon of violence against women in the family and society. They also contain provisions for the implementation ...of national policies to respect gender equality and combat domestic violence. A fairly long period has passed since the emancipation of women, the recognition of rights of all Romanian citizens, regardless of their gender, and the introduction of legal measures against domestic violence. However, the patriarchal mentality and gender violence continue to prevail in certain environments and communities, including educated couples with above average financial status, sometimes even public persons. The perspective of domestic violence has evolved alongside society, and the status of women has changed as the roles she has assumed have diversified and allowed her, through incremental legislative changes, to move from the role of mother and wife, to the role of an equal partner. Thus, the woman became a partner with equal rights over family decisions, a co-participant in the budget of a family, and an expert in education, health, arts and communication. Recently, women are becoming appreciated managers with equal access to leadership and decision-making positions in any field of expertise. Equal opportunities and respect for women’s rights must be further supported because society, at an international level, must not forget the echoes of misogynism revealed by the #MeToo movement in the United States. Additionally, we should not omit that the provisions of the Istanbul Convention relating to the concepts of violence and gender equality are currently controversial topics for many states. Our country has taken important steps in changing specific legislation and aligning it with the international norms but women continue to be disadvantaged by the socialization models conveyed transgenerationally. Consequently, in the family environment, it is perpetuated that women should adopt responsibilities related to household work and raising children, whereas in the society, jobs predominated by women are poorly paid compared to those specific to men.
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