Cancer research has made great progress in the recent years. With the increasing number of options in diagnosis and therapy the implementation of tumorboards (TUBs) has become standard procedure in ...the treatment of cancer patients. Adherence tests on tumor board decisions are intended to enable quality assurance and enhancement for work in tumor boards in order to continuously optimize treatment options for cancer patients.
Subject of this study was the adherence of the recommendations made in three of 14 tumorboards, which take place weekly in the Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) at the University Hospital Bonn. In total, therapy recommendations of 3815 patient cases were checked on their implementation. A classification into four groups has been made according to the degree of implementation. A second classification followed regarding the reasons for differences between the recommendation and the therapy which the patient actually received.
The study showed that 80.1% of all recommendations in the three TUBs were implemented. 8.3% of all recommendations showed a deviance. Most important reasons for the deviances were patient wish (36.5%), patient death (26%) and doctoral decision, due to the patient's comorbidities or side effects of the treatment (24.1%).Interestingly, deviance in all three tumor boards in total significantly decreased over time.
Aim of the study was to clarify the use of tumor boards and find approaches to make them more efficient. Based on the results efficiency might be optimized by increased consideration of patients` preferences, improved presentation of patient-related data, more detailed documentation and further structuring of the tumor board meetings.
Computer-based concurrent engineering of products, denoted as virtual engineering (VE), is used extensively to meet the requirements of product development. Current research deals with database ...systems to store product libraries, process information, and dependencies between domain models. To enhance the information transfer between domains a multidisciplinary component structure is essential. The component-oriented model approach has to be improved by flexible interfaces which support a consistency control of model information for multi-domain models, simplified assembling of complex products based on standard libraries, and retrievable information over the complete VE-process. This paper aims to identify challenges and solutions of a domain independent interface structure to integrate information from heterogeneous libraries in a multidisciplinary component interface.
Virtual product development puts high demands on data management solutions due to many dependent heterogeneous data sources, automatic data transformations, and fast changing requirements and meta ...information. In this work we will investigate how user-defined meta information, particularly annotations and folkosonomies, complement existing design management systems. At first, the work describes problems and information requirements caused by reusing automatically derived simulations. Subsequently, steps for introducing an annotation-based data management solution are presented.
The Role of Ontologies in Virtual Engineering Mencke, S.; Vornholt, S.; Dumke, R.
2008 19th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications,
2008-Sept.
Conference Proceeding
The approach of computer-based concurrent engineering of products, denoted as virtual engineering (VE), has been emerged to meet the requirements in product development due to increasing competition. ...To enhance the information transfer between engineering groups, a domain- independent component structure is preferred. Product libraries as well as conceptual product information can be automatically derived and exchanged by domain terminologies. The ontology approach, as a concept of the Semantic Web to explicitly represent the semantics of data, promises a superior view. In order to enable information exchange ontologies as a neutral description form are necessary, to bind different attribute labels with equivalent content to the given concepts. Furthermore an integration of new domains and libraries becomes possible. This paper aims to identify and analyze application areas for the usage of formal ontologies and introduces solutions for the integration of heterogeneous libraries.
In metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) the interplay between the dynamics of individual components and how these are constrained by the extended lattice can yield unusual emergent phenomena. For the ...archetypal Zr-MOF, UiO-66, we explore the cooperative dynamics of a Zr-node transformation that gives rise to negative thermal expansion (NTE). Using in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, with powder diffraction and pair distribution function (PDF) analyses, we identify lattice hysteresis and a thermal ramp-rate-dependence of the thermal expansion. Specifically, kinetic trapping of distorted node states formed at high temperature, leads to broad variability in the apparent thermal expansion which ranges from large positive to large negative thermal expansion with coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) from +45 to −80 × 10–6K–1. Time-resolved relaxation studies at selected temperatures suggest that when equilibrated UiO-66 is intrinsically NTE, with a CTE of −35 × 10–6K–1. Kinetic trapping of the node-distorted state following high temperature activation has broad implications for characterization and applications of these Zr-MOFs; the nonequilibrium node state depends on the thermal history of the sample with quench vs slow cooling likely to impact gas binding, pore volume, and accessible catalytic sites.
Countless inorganic materials are prepared via high temperature solid-state reaction of mixtures of reagents powders. Understanding and controlling the phenomena that limit these solid-state ...reactions is crucial to designing reactions for new materials synthesis. Here, focusing on topotactic ion-exchange between NaFeO2 and LiBr as a model reaction, we manipulate the mesoscale reaction architecture and transport pathways by changing the packing and interfacial contact between reagent particles. Through analysis of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction data, we identify multiple kinetic regimes that reflect transport limitations on different length scales: a fast kinetic regime in the first minutes of the reaction and a slow kinetic regime that follows. The fast kinetic regime dominates the observed reaction progress and depends on the reagent packing; this challenges the view that solid-state reactions are necessarily slow. Using a phase-field model, we simulated the reaction process and showed that particles without direct contact to the other reactant phases experience large reduction in the reaction rate, even when transport hindrance at particle–particle contacts is not considered.
A multifaceted study involving focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy techniques, mechanical analysis, water adsorption measurements, and molecular simulations is employed to rationalize the ...nitric oxide release performance of polyurethane films containing 5, 10, 20, and 40 wt % of the metal–organic framework (MOF) CPO-27-Ni. The polymer and the MOF are first demonstrated to exhibit excellent compatibility. This is reflected in the even distribution and encapsulation of large wt % MOF loadings throughout the full thickness of the films and by the rather minimal influence of the MOF on the mechanical properties of the polymer at low wt %. The NO release efficiency of the MOF is attenuated by the polymer and found to depend on wt % of MOF loading. The formation of a fully connected network of MOF agglomerates within the films at higher wt % is proposed to contribute to a more complex guest transport in these formulations, resulting in a reduction of NO release efficiency and film ductility. An optimum MOF loading of 10 wt % is identified for maximizing NO release without adversely impacting the polymer properties. Bactericidal efficacy of released NO from the films is demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a >8 log10 reduction in cell density observed after a contact period of 24 h.
Separating out the middle Vornholt, Simon M; Morris, Russell E
Nature materials,
09/2019, Letnik:
18, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A chemically and thermally stable metal–organic framework achieves exceptional separation of styrene from a complex mixture containing larger (ethylbenzene) and smaller (toluene and benzene) ...molecules.
Chemically robust, low-power sensors are needed for the direct electrical detection of toxic gases. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer exceptional chemical and structural tunability to meet this ...challenge, though further understanding is needed regarding how coadsorbed gases influence or interfere with the electrical response. To probe the influence of competitive gases on trace NO2 detection in a simulated flue gas stream, a combined structure–property study integrating synchrotron powder diffraction and pair distribution function analyses was undertaken, to elucidate how structural changes associated with gas binding inside Ni-MOF-74 pores correlate with the electrical response from Ni-MOF-74-based sensors. Data were evaluated for 16 gas combinations of N2, NO2, SO2, CO2, and H2O at 50 °C. Fourier difference maps from a rigid-body Rietveld analysis showed that additional electron density localized around the Ni-MOF-74 lattice correlated with large decreases in Ni-MOF-74 film resistance of up to a factor of 6 × 103, observed only when NO2 was present. These changes in resistance were significantly amplified by the presence of competing gases, except for CO2. Without NO2, H2O rapidly (<120 s) produced small (1–3×) decreases in resistance, though this effect could be differentiated from the slower adsorption of NO2 by the evaluation of the MOF’s capacitance. Furthermore, samples exposed to H2O displayed a significant shift in lattice parameters toward a larger lattice and more diffuse charge density in the MOF pore. Evaluating the Ni-MOF-74 impedance in real time, NO2 adsorption was associated with two electrically distinct processes, the faster of which was inhibited by competitive adsorption of CO2. Together, this work points to the unique interaction of NO2 and other specific gases (e.g., H2O, SO2) with the MOF’s surface, leading to orders of magnitude decrease in MOF resistance and enhanced NO2 detection. Understanding and leveraging these coadsorbed gases will further improve the gas detection properties of MOF materials.
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