Traffic collisions have continuously been ranked amongst the top causes of deaths in Vietnam. In particular, drinking has been recognized as a major factor amplifying the likelihood of traffic ...collisions in various settings. This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol use and traffic collisions in the current context of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 traffic collisions patients in six health facilities in the Thai Binh Province to investigate the level of alcohol consumption and identify factors influencing alcohol use among these patients. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scale was used to determine the problematic drinking behavior of the participants. The percentage of patients having problematic drinking was more than 30%. Being male, having a high household income, and working as farmer/worker were risk factors for alcohol abuse. People causing accidents and patients with a traumatic brain injury had a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol before the accidents. This study highlights the necessity of more stringent laws on reducing drink-driving in Vietnam. In addition, more interventions, especially those utilizing mass media like educational campaign of good behavior on social networks, are necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in targeted populations in order to decrease the prevalence and burden of road injuries.
A process for the fabrication of piezoelectric membranes with Pb(Zr0.45Ti0.55)O3 (PZT) thin films for micrometer-range actuation and sensing applications has been developed. The films grown by ...sol-gel on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/SOI (silicon-on-insulator) substrates have similar randomly oriented perovskite phases, but the nearly epitaxial film made by the pulsed laser deposition exhibits a more compact and flat morphology. It is observed that a denser microstructure produced by pulsed laser deposition leads to a significantly higher remanent polarization and piezoelectric coefficient in the capacitor structure, as well as in a much higher piezoelectric membrane displacement, but only a slightly enhancement of the quality factor of the membrane actuator is obtained. The membrane actuator with the epitaxial PZT thin film grown on a SrRuO3/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia/SOI substrate using pulsed laser deposition shows significantly enhanced piezoelectric membrane displacement and quality factor. The results and discussion in our paper provide a better understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and the thin film properties, which may lead to significant improvements in device performance.
•The narrower full-width at haft-maximum of peak orientation, the better film alignment.•The better film alignment, the higher ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties.•Weak dependence of internal damping or imperfect crystallinity on quality factor.
Coxsackievirus A16 in Viet Nam Le Nguyen Truc, N.; Nguyen, T.A.; Nguyen Thi Thu, H. ...
International journal of infectious diseases,
December 2020, 2020-12-00, 2020-12-01, Letnik:
101
Journal Article
Vietnam is experiencing an epidemiologic transition with an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Novel, large-scale, effective, and sustainable interventions to control hypertension in ...Vietnam are needed. We report the results of a cluster-randomized feasibility trial at 3 months follow-up conducted in Hung Yen province, Vietnam, designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of two community-based interventions to improve hypertension control: a "storytelling" intervention, "We Talk about Our Hypertension," and a didactic intervention.
The storytelling intervention included stories about strategies for coping with hypertension, with patients speaking in their own words, and didactic content about the importance of healthy lifestyle behaviors including salt reduction and exercise. The didactic intervention included only didactic content. The storytelling intervention was delivered by two DVDs at 3-month intervals; the didactic intervention included only one installment. The trial was conducted in four communes, equally randomized to the two interventions.
The mean age of the 160 study patients was 66 years, and 54% were men. Most participants described both interventions as understandable, informative, and motivational. Between baseline and 3 months, mean systolic blood pressure declined by 8.2 mmHg (95% CI 4.1-12.2) in the storytelling group and by 5.5 mmHg (95% CI 1.4-9.5) in the didactic group. The storytelling group also reported a significant increase in hypertension medication adherence.
Both interventions were well accepted in several rural communities and were shown to be potentially effective in lowering blood pressure. A large-scale randomized trial is needed to compare the effectiveness of the two interventions in controlling hypertension.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02483780.
In this study, we have successfully synthesized BiVO4 materials by hydrothermal method. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) under LED visible light mediated by S2O8/BiVO4/Vis system. The obtained ...BiVO4 catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV-vis DRS). We investigated the effect of S2O8 concentrate, pH value and initial concentration on the removal rate of MB. The results of XRD spectra showed that the BiVO4 fragment has a crystalline structure in moneblinite monoclinic phase alone. The degradation of MB concentration under visible light mediated S2O8/BiVO4/Vis was 78% after 100 minutes of irradiation. The band gap (Eg) of BiVO4 was estimated to be 2.39 eV. Therein, the presence of Na2SO4 anions decrease concentration of MB with compared to the original using S2O8/BiVO4 system alone.
Medical surveillance data from all government health clinics in Vietnam are currently collected through a slow, paper-driven process. Short message service (SMS) technology delivered through mobile ...phones offers a simple solution to improving the speed through which disease surveillance information can be collected. Identifying health concerns earlier with this mobile-based disease surveillance system has the potential to improve the care for patients seen at community health clinics as well as predict more quickly that a medical emergency, such as a pandemic, will occur. Thus, we piloted the feasibility of an SMS-based disease surveillance system designed for healthcare workers in Vietnam to directly report disease information on diarrhea and influenza-like illness to a central data repository using their mobile phones and an intuitive, user-friendly platform. This article reports data from 1,579 patient data entries in 20 Vietnamese health clinics during a 6-month period.
Stakeholder engagement is crucial for conducting high-quality implementation research as well as for the incorporation and adoption of health interventions and policies in the community.
This study ...sought to build a mutually rewarding collaboration between stakeholders in Vietnam and investigators in the United States.
A collaboration was established between investigators from several institutions in Vietnam and the University of Massachusetts Medical School that was built on mutual trust, cross-cultural learning, and shared experiences. This collaborative arrangement has led to sustainable stakeholder engagement in Vietnam. We formed a multidisciplinary transnational research team and maintained regular contact both online and in person. We also conducted a needs assessment study, in which several focus group discussions and in-depth interviews of stakeholders in Vietnam were carried out.
The formal collaboration between investigators in Vietnam and the University of Massachusetts Medical School began in 2011 and has strengthened over time. The U.S. team provided expertise in study and intervention design, data collection and analysis, and trial implementation, whereas the team in Vietnam brought a deep understanding of local health care delivery systems and expertise in the delivery of health care interventions at the grassroots level. Our initial partnership has now grown to include committed individuals at the government, academic, and community levels including the Vietnam Ministry of Health, key governmental and nongovernmental research institutions and agencies, medical and public health universities, and communities in rural settings. The needs assessment study found that there are important gaps in the delivery of hypertension management practices in many rural communities in Vietnam and that stakeholders are fully engaged in our ongoing, community-based, hypertension-control project.
Multiple layers of stakeholders and communities in Vietnam are fully engaged with, and have contributed significantly to, our ongoing hypertension control research project in Northern Vietnam.
To explore the feasibility and safety of a single-lead, fully implantable peripheral nerve stimulation system for the treatment of chronic shoulder pain in stroke survivors.
Participants with ...moderate to severe shoulder pain not responsive to conservative therapies for six months.
During the trial phase, which included a blinded sham introductory period, a percutaneous single-lead peripheral nerve stimulation system was implanted to stimulate the axillary nerve of the affected shoulder. After a three-week successful trial, participants received an implantable pulse generator with an electrode placed to stimulate the axillary nerve of the affected shoulder. Outcomes included pain, pain interference, pain-free external rotation range of motion, quality of life, and safety. Participants were followed for 24 months.
Twenty-eight participants underwent trial stimulation and five participants received an implantable pulse generator. The participants who received the implantable generator experienced an improvement in pain severity (p = 0.0002). All five participants experienced a 50% or greater pain reduction at 6 and 12 months, and four experienced at least a 50% reduction at 24 months. There was an improvement in pain interference (p < 0.0001). There was an improvement in pain-free external ROM (p = 0.003). There were no serious adverse events related to the device or to the procedure.
This case series demonstrates the safety and efficacy of a fully implantable axillary PNS system for chronic HSP. Participants experienced reduction in pain, reduction in pain interference, and improved pain-free external rotation ROM. There were no serious adverse events associated with the system or the procedure.
Naked mole rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals known. They can reduce their metabolic rate (>85%) under severe hypoxia, remain moderately active and recover ...with no obvious signs of damage. Hence, NMRs are an excellent model for studying mammalian hypoxia tolerance. The current study characterized the involvement of posttranslational modifications in regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway that regulates protein synthesis, and the responses of key ribosomal proteins in order to assess tissue-specific responses to 4 h exposure to 7% O2 (compared to controls at 21% O2). Results showed a tissue-specific regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway via differential phosphorylation. Relative amounts of p-TSC(S939) in brain and of p-TSC(S939), p-Akt(473) and p-PTEN(S380) in liver increased under hypoxia, whereas levels of IGF1R(Y1135/1136) in liver decreased. In skeletal muscle, levels of p-Akt(S473) and p-PTEN(S380) decreased during hypoxia, whereas lungs showed an increase in p-mTOR(S2884) content but a decrease in p-RPS6(S235–236) under the same conditions. Analysis of the phosphorylation states of ribosomal proteins revealed increases in p-4E-BP1(T37/46) content in brain and lungs under hypoxia, as well as a rise in total 4E-BP1 protein level in liver. Phosphorylated eIF-4B(S422) content also increased in liver while levels of p-eIF-2α(S51), and eIF-4E(S209) decreased during hypoxia in liver. Overall, hypoxia altered the Akt/mTOR pathway, which correlated with a general decrease in activity of the ribosomal protein biosynthesis machinery in muscle, lung, and brain of NMRs. However, the increase in eIF-4B in liver suggests the potential promotion of cap-independent mRNA translation mechanism operating under hypoxic stress.
•Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates AKT/mTOR signaling during hypoxia.•Phosphorylation of translation factors is not affected by hypoxia in most tissues.•Protein synthesis is attenuated during hypoxia in brain, muscle and lung.•Hypoxia favours cap-independent mRNA translation in liver.
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