Continual spermatogenesis relies on the actions of an undifferentiated spermatogonial population that is composed of stem cells and progenitors. Here, using mouse models, we explored the role of ...RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in regulation of the biological activities of this population. Proteins bound to polyadenylated RNAs in primary cultures of undifferentiated spermatogonia were captured with oligo (dT)-conjugated beads after UV-crosslinking and profiled by proteomics (termed mRBPome capture), yielding a putative repertoire of 473 RBPs. From this database, the RBP TRIM71 was identified and found to be expressed by stem and progenitor spermatogonia in prepubertal and adult mouse testes. Tissue-specific deletion of TRIM71 in the male germline led to reduction of the undifferentiated spermatogonial population and a block in transition to the differentiating state. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a key role of the RBP system in regulation of the spermatogenic lineage and may provide clues about the influence of RBPs on the biology of progenitor cell populations in other lineages.
With the use of the u–p form governing equations of saturated porous media, the coupling material point method (CMPM) is developed to predict the dynamic responses of saturated soil. The ...contact/impact problem between saturated porous media and solid bodies, like soil–structure interaction, is solved under the framework of the MPM. In the proposed strategy, the dynamic analysis of saturated soil and solid bodies is handled by the CMPM and the original MPM respectively. The interaction between saturated soil and solid bodies is simulated by a new contact algorithm which effectively avoids the interpenetration between saturated soil and solid bodies. The proposed approach circumvents the difficulties associated with the conventional spatial discretization methods such as the finite element method in simulating the contact/impact behavior between saturated soil and solid bodies. Representative examples are used to verify the proposed model-based simulation procedure and to demonstrate its potential in impact analysis related to geotechnical engineering.
Type I interferons (IFN) including IFNα and IFNβ are critical for the cellular defense against viruses. Here we report that increased levels of IFNβ were found in testes from mice deficient in ...MOV10L1, a germ cell-specific RNA helicase that plays a key role in limiting the propagation of retrotransposons including Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1). Additional experiments revealed that activation of LINE-1 retrotransposons increases the expression of IFNβ and of IFN-stimulated genes. Conversely, pretreatment of cells with IFN suppressed the replication of LINE-1. Furthermore, the efficacy of LINE-1 replication was increased in isogenic cell lines harboring inactivating mutations in diverse elements of the IFN signaling pathway. Knockdown of the IFN receptor chain IFNAR1 also stimulated LINE-1 propagation in vitro. Finally, a greater accumulation of LINE-1 was found in mice that lack IFNAR1 compared with wild type mice. We propose that LINE-1-induced IFN plays an important role in restricting LINE-1 propagation and discuss the putative role of IFN in preserving the genome stability.
Background: Type 1 interferons (IFN1) mediate defense against viruses but their role in regulating retrotransposon activities is unknown.
Results: LINE-1 retrotransposon induces IFN1, which in turn inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition.
Conclusion: IFN1 regulate activities and propagation of LINE-1.
Significance: Given that retrotransposons alter the genome, IFN1 play a role in maintenance of genomic integrity.
An optimization method for the gradually varied porous absorber is proposed. The Monte Carlo Ray Tracing method based on the acceptance-rejection sampling is established to obtain the absorption ...distribution of irradiation in the gradually varied porous absorber. The fluid flow, convection, and thermal radiation in the porous absorber are evaluated. Combined with the genetic algorithms, the distribution of porosity and pore size of the porous absorber could automatically adjust to match the non-uniform radiation flux in both radial and axial directions. Moreover, the internal flow layout could be regulated by an optimized radial pore distribution that directs more fluid enters the high heat flux zone. The optimization results demonstrate that the gradually varied porous absorber with porosity ranging from 0.95 to 0.90 and pore size ranging from 2.5 mm to 1.5 mm could achieve high thermal efficiency and low flow resistance. Compared with the standard model of the uniform porous absorber, the thermal efficiency of the optimal gradually varied porous absorbers could be further increased by 1.23%–9.76%, while the pressure drop could be reduced by 7.88%–55.73%.
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•An optimization method for the gradually varied porous absorber is proposed.•The MCRT can simulate the irradiation process in the anisotropic porous absorber.•Solar irradiation absorption optimization is achieved by genetic algorithms.•The optimal absorbers can achieve high thermal efficiency and low flow resistance.
This study explored whether clinical pharmacists can improve patients' medication compliance with the use of warfarin medication checklist and the correlation between them. A total of 147 inpatients ...discharged from Shanghai Tongren Hospital with warfarin from July 2018 to September 2019 were randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group by random number table, including 75 in the control group and 72 in the intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, marital status, drinking history, smoking history, department distribution, type of thromboembolic disease, comorbidity and combined medication between the two groups (
>0.05). The control group received routine warfarin medication education at discharge, while the intervention group received clinical pharmacist's assessment of bleeding risk and targeted medication education using warfarin medication checklist at discharge. The monitoring time and value of the international normalized ratio (INR) be
Summary
Lignocelluloses from plant cell walls are attractive resources for sustainable biofuel production. However, conversion of lignocellulose to biofuel is more expensive than other current ...technologies, due to the costs of chemical pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis for cell wall deconstruction. Recalcitrance of cell walls to deconstruction has been reduced in many plant species by modifying plant cell walls through biotechnology. These results have been achieved by reducing lignin content and altering its composition and structure. Reduction of recalcitrance has also been achieved by manipulating hemicellulose biosynthesis and by overexpression of bacterial enzymes in plants to disrupt linkages in the lignin–carbohydrate complexes. These modified plants often have improved saccharification yield and higher ethanol production. Cell wall‐degrading (CWD) enzymes from bacteria and fungi have been expressed at high levels in plants to increase the efficiency of saccharification compared with exogenous addition of cellulolytic enzymes. In planta expression of heat‐stable CWD enzymes from bacterial thermophiles has made autohydrolysis possible. Transgenic plants can be engineered to reduce recalcitrance without any yield penalty, indicating that successful cell wall modification can be achieved without impacting cell wall integrity or plant development. A more complete understanding of cell wall formation and structure should greatly improve lignocellulosic feedstocks and reduce the cost of biofuel production.
A new carbonized pomelo peel biosorbent (MCPP) modified with nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide was prepared and employed for the adsorption of molybdate (Mo(VI)) ...from aqueous solution. We investigated the effects of various conditions on Mo(VI) adsorption and evaluated the results based on adsorption kinetics models and isotherm equations. The kinetic data fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir model best described the adsorption of Mo(VI) on MCPP. The values of changes in Gibbs free energy, standard enthalpy, and standard entropy revealed that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermal. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements suggested that Mo(VI) adsorption occurred via both the reduction and surface adsorption. Thus, biochar, prepared from fruit residue, can be applied to remove Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions. More importantly, our results provide a sustainable approach for Mo(VI) removal from wastewater by means of functional modification.
Chemo-resistance is one of the key causal factors in cancer death and emerging evidences suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in the regulation of chemo-sensitivity in cancers. ...Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and insensitive to chemotherapy clinically.
The differentially expressed miRNAs in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues were screened by using a microarray platform (μParaflo Sanger miRBase release 13.0). The expression of miR-375 was determined by stem-loop RT-PCR using 23 clinical cervical cancer samples and 2 cervical cancer cell lines. We exogenously upregulated miR-375 expression in SiHa and Caski cells using a pre-miRNA lentiviral vector transfection and observed its impact on paclitaxel sensitivity using MTS. The cells that stably overexpressed miR-375 were subcutaneously injected into mice to determine tumour growth and chemo-sensitivity in vivo.
Twenty-one differentially expressed miRNAs were found by miRNA microarray between pro- and post-paclitaxel cervical cancer tissues. Of those, miR-375 showed consistent high expression levels across paclitaxel-treated cervical cells and tissues. Paclitaxel induced upregulated miR-375 expression in a clear dose-dependent manner. Forced overexpression of miR-375 in cervical cancer cells decreased paclitaxel sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
Collectively, our results suggest that miR-375 might be a therapeutic target in paclitaxel-resistant cervical cancer.
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