A method for the power loss analysis for ferrite is required and is expected to lead to the development of low-loss ferrites. In the present paper, the magnetic field intensity in ferrite was ...decomposed into four components for the analysis. When the time derivative of the magnetic induction, dB/dt, is low, the magnetic field intensity is composed of only two components, Hu and Hh, which yield the magnetic flux and the hysteresis loss, respectively. At high-dB/dt excitations, magnetic field intensities, Hv and Hf, appear in addition to Hu and Hh, where Hv lowers the permeability and Hf causes the dynamic magnetic loss, respectively. The temperature characteristics of Hu, Hh, Hv and Hf differ, which implies that the hysteresis and dynamic magnetic losses are caused by different physical mechanisms. The function tables for Hu (B, Bm), Hh (B, Bm), Hv (B, dB/dt, Bm) and Hf (B, dB/dt, Bm) were obtained from measurements conducted at ferrite core temperatures of 20, 40, and 60 °C, where Bm is the maximum magnetic flux density. The tables were used to simulate the magnetic field intensity for the excitation when a sinusoidal waveform voltage was applied to a ferrite inductor. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental results.
Background: Imatinib mesylate is a small molecule targeted at dysregulated protein‐tyrosine kinase. Mutation of c‐kit exon 11, which induces constitutive phosphorylation of KIT, is one of the ...mechanisms for the development or progression of mast cell tumor (MCT) in dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of imatinib mesylate in canine MCT.
Hypothesis: Imatinib mesylate has activity against MCT in dogs, and response to treatment can be correlated to presence of mutation within exon 11 of c‐kit.
Animals: Twenty‐one dogs with MCT with gross tumor burden and median tumor size of 7.2 cm (range, 1.0–25.3 cm) before treatment.
Methods: Tumors were analyzed for mutation of c‐kit exon 11. Imatinib mesylate was administered PO to the dogs at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 1–9 weeks.
Results: Ten of 21 dogs (48%) had some beneficial response to imatinib mesylate treatment within 14 days of treatment initiation. All 5 dogs with a demonstrable c‐kit mutation in exon 11 responded to the drug (1 complete remission, 4 partial remission).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Imatinib mesylate has clinical activity against MCT in dogs. Response could not be predicted based on presence of absence of a mutation in exon 11 of c‐kit.
Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a highly aggressive and fatal neoplasm. To identify potential therapeutic compounds and/or targets, 320 compounds were screened for their growth inhibitory activity ...in a CMM line (CMM‐1) using a chemical library known to target specific signaling pathways/cell growth‐related molecules. Among the compounds screened, the F1Fo ATPase inhibitor oligomycin showed potent growth inhibitory effects in CMM‐1 cells, while exhibiting less toxic effects in a non‐neoplastic control cell line (MDCK cells). The growth inhibitory effect of oligomycin A was then examined using six CMM lines and MDCK cells. Three CMM lines were highly sensitive to oligomycin A, with around 3000–20 000 times lower IC50 compared with oligomycin A‐resistant CMM lines and MDCK cells. Oligomycin A‐sensitive CMM‐1 cells exhibited much greater oligomycin A‐induced decreases in cellular ATP compared to oligomycin A‐resistant cell lines. Although the oligomycins are clinically unsuitable because of its in vivo toxicity, these findings implicate the potential of F1Fo ATPase as a therapeutic target in a subset of CMM.
From the canine genome database and its bioinformatic analysis, we identified conserved sequences within the vast majority of 61 variable segments and 1 joining segment of the immunoglobulin heavy ...chain (IgH) gene, and designed optimal primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification directed at these conserved sequences to evaluate the monoclonality of IgH in canine B cell lymphoma. Using the primers, a PCR-based assay was performed on fine-needle aspiration samples of normal, hyperplasia, and malignant lymph nodes and lymphoma cell lines. All fine-needle aspiration samples of five B cell lymphoma cases and the B cell lymphoma line GL-1 exhibited clonal amplification, whereas no amplification was observed in the samples from normal and hyperplasia lymph nodes, cases of T cell lymphoma, and the T cell lymphoma line CL-1. The primers we designed clearly distinguished malignant B lymphocytes from normal, reactive, and malignant T lymphocytes, indicating a potential utility of the primers for PCR-based routine clinical examination for canine B cell lymphoma.
Plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in livers were measured in dogs and cats. Nucleotide sequences of the conserved ...region of glucokinase (GK) cDNA that contained ATP- and glucose-binding domains were determined in canine liver and feline pancreas for design of the species-specific oligonucleotide primers for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose and IRI concentrations between dogs and cats. In feline liver, although GK activities were not detected, activities of hexokinase, fructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly higher than those in canine liver. The partial sequences of canine liver GK and feline pancreas GK cDNA were respectively 88% and 89% identical with the rat liver GK cDNA. Expression of GK gene was observed in canine liver and pancreas and feline pancreas with RT-PCR using species specific primers based on the cDNA sequences.
Activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism were measured in canine and feline liver. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin concentrations between ...dogs and cats. Glucokinase activities were absent in feline liver, however, activities of other glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, were significantly higher than those in canine livers. Activities of rate limiting enzymes of gluconeogenesis such as pyruvate carboxylase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in feline livers were significantly higher than those in canine livers.
The C-type lectin receptor has been shown to recognize carbohydrate moieties of self and non-self antigens, thus serving as an innate immune receptor. Using bioinformatics and molecular cloning ...techniques, we isolated a bovine gene that encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids with structural features shared by mouse and human dectin-2, including a high homology with mouse dectin-2 (66%), a type II configuration, a short cytoplasmic domain without tyrosine-based signal motifs, a carbohydrate recognition domain, a putative
N-glycosylation site, and an
EPN motif involved in the Ca
2+-dependent binding of hexose carbohydrates. These results reveal this bovine gene to be a counterpart of mouse dectin-2. Moreover, the bovine dectin-2 gene showed heterogeneity in mRNA (the generation of alternatively spliced transcript) and segmentation into six exons, which are also observed in mouse dectin-2. Inconsistent with mouse dectin-2 mRNA, the bovine counterpart is abundantly expressed by Langerhans cells compared to macrophages; however, lymph nodes showed the highest expression level of bovine dectin-2, while spleen and lung showed the highest expression levels of mouse and human dectin-2. In cattle, dectin-2 expressed by dendritic cells may be clinically involved in the recognition of invading antigens in lymph nodes.
The neural-cell adhesion molecule, CD56/N-CAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed by various tissues and cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. Despite the importance of CD56 ...as a marker for identifying NK cells in circulating blood, canine CD56 has not been identified. In the present study, we identified the canine counterparts of the 140-kDa (CD56-140) and 120-kDa (CD56-120) isoforms of human DC56. Both of amino acid sequences encoded by the canine CD56-140 and -120 cDNA showed high homology with those of human (both 96% homology), having well-conserved domains (five immunoglobulin, two fibronectin type III, and transmembrane and intracelluer or glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked domain) among various species (human, mouse, and feline). We revealed that the transcripts of canine CD56-140 and -120 arise from alternative mRNA splicing from a single gene located on canine chromosome 5. Moreover, the mRNA encoding canine CD56-140 was expressed at high levels constitutively by nervous system and endocrine tissues as has shown in other animals.
Plasma metabolites and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and enzyme activities of some types of peripheral leucocytes were measured to clarify one aspect of the differences in nutrient ...metabolism between dogs and cats. There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acids and IRI between dogs and cats. Higher total cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in feline plasma, and H/T ratio (HDL/total cholesterol concentrations) was significantly lower than that in canine plasma. The cytosolic activities of fructokinase (FK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher and the activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were significantly lower in feline leucocytes than those in canine leucocytes. Higher activities of FK, PK and G6PD, which regulate the rate of biosynthesis of fatty acids, may reflect the different characteristics in nutrient metabolism in feline tissues from canine tissues.
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