The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Mid‐Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Post‐Deployment Mental Health (PDMH) multi‐site study examines ...post‐deployment mental health in US military Afghanistan/Iraq‐era veterans. The study includes the comprehensive behavioral health characterization of over 3600 study participants and the genetic, metabolomic, neurocognitive, and neuroimaging data for many of the participants. The study design also incorporates an infrastructure for a data repository to re‐contact participants for follow‐up studies. The overwhelming majority (94%) of participants consented to be re‐contacted for future studies, and our recently completed feasibility study indicates that 73–83% of these participants could be reached successfully for enrollment into longitudinal follow‐up investigations. Longitudinal concurrent cohort follow‐up studies will be conducted (5–10+ years post‐baseline) to examine predictors of illness chronicity, resilience, recovery, functional outcome, and other variables, and will include neuroimaging, genetic/epigenetic, serum biomarker, and neurocognitive studies, among others. To date, the PDMH study has generated more than 35 publications from the baseline data and the repository has been leveraged in over 20 publications from follow‐up studies drawing from this cohort. Limitations that may affect data collection for a longitudinal follow‐up study are also presented.
A surface Cauchy-Born model for nanoscale materials Park, Harold S.; Klein, Patrick A.; Wagner, Gregory J.
International journal for numerical methods in engineering,
3 December 2006, Letnik:
68, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 (NLTS2), this study examines the career and technical education (CTE) course taking of high school students with learning disabilities ...(LD) in the context of the national movement toward higher standards for determining whether students leave high school “college and career ready.” Descriptive analyses document the extent of general education CTE course taking overall by students with LD and their engagement in a concentrated program of occupationally specific general education CTE, a level of course taking early research has linked to improved post–high school employment outcomes. Propensity score modeling was used to determine whether either type of CTE course taking is related to higher odds of full-time employment after high school and whether results differ with the length of time youth were out of high school. Results show no benefits of CTE course taking overall, but demonstrate a significant positive effect for participating in a concentration of occupationally specific CTE in the first 2 post–high school years; effects are nonsignificant for later years. The implications for high school programming and transition planning for students with LD are discussed.
Inspired by the pioneering work of Professor T.J.R. Hughes on the variational multi-scale method, this document summarizes recent developments in multiple-scale modeling using a newly developed ...technique called the bridging scale. The bridging scale consists of a two-scale decomposition in which the coarse scale is simulated using continuum methods, while the fine scale is simulated using atomistic approaches. The bridging scale offers unique advantages in that the coarse and fine scales evolve on separate time scales, while the high frequency waves emitted from the fine scale are eliminated using lattice impedance techniques. Recent advances in extending the bridging scale to quantum mechanical/continuum coupling are briefly described. The method capabilities are demonstrated via quasistatic nanotube bending, dynamic crack propagation and dynamic shear banding.
Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2, this study considers (a) the extent to which the socioeconomic status (SES) of youth with disabilities predicted their likelihood of high ...school graduation, postsecondary education enrollment, and employment; (b) the extent to which other individual and family factors mediated the SES–outcome relationships; and (c) other factors that significantly explained outcome variations for youth with disabilities. Results show that SES had a statistically significant but relatively small effect on outcomes, to a sizable extent the effect of SES was mediated by other factors, and many of the covariates in the analyses (e.g., disability type and severity, gender, race/ethnicity) had their own significant relationships with outcomes that contribute to our understanding of variations in them.
Chronic cough in children Wagner, Johana B Castro; Pine, Harold S
The Pediatric clinics of North America,
08/2013, Letnik:
60, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The management of chronic cough, a common complaint in children, is challenging for most health care professionals. Millions of dollars are spent every year on unnecessary testing and treatment. A ...rational approach based on a detailed interview and a thorough physical examination guides further intervention and management. Inexpensive and simple homemade syrups based on dark honey have proved to be an effective measure when dealing with cough in children.
Data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 (NLTS2) were used to examine the patterns of career and technical education (CTE) course taking in high school by students receiving special ...education services for emotional disturbances (ED). Descriptive analyses indicate the extent of such course taking by students with ED and their engagement in a concentrated program of occupationally specific general education CTE, a level of CTE course taking that early research has linked to improved post–high school employment outcomes. Propensity scoring methods were used to determine the extent to which either type of CTE course taking was related to higher odds of full-time employment after high school and whether results differed with the length of time post high school. There was a significant positive effect for participating in a concentration of occupationally specific CTE in the first 2 post–high school years, but effects were non-significant for later years. Results showed no benefits of CTE course taking overall. The implications for high school programming and transition planning are discussed.
First Step to Success (First Step;
Walker et al., 1997
,
1998
) is a secondary-level intervention for students with behavior problems in early elementary school. The purposes of this study were to ...assess whether effects in student behavior and academics at posttest shown in a recent efficacy trial (
Walker et al., 2009
) were maintained at follow-up and to examine the relationship of implementation fidelity to outcomes. The findings showed that although First Step's initial impact was significant and positive across all behavior and some academic measures, gains eroded 1 year after the intervention was withdrawn. Results are discussed in the context of students' experience of yearly change in classroom environments, teachers' variable behavioral expectations and perceptions, and the need for intervention maintenance plans to support sustainment of treatment effects.
Assessing the Effectiveness of First Step to Success Sumi, W. Carl; Woodbridge, Michelle W.; Javitz, Harold S. ...
Journal of emotional and behavioral disorders,
03/2013, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article reports on the effectiveness of First Step to Success, a secondary-level intervention appropriate for students in early elementary school who experience moderate to severe behavior ...problems and are at risk for academic failure. The authors demonstrate the intervention’s short-term effects on multiple behavioral and academic outcomes as delivered off-the-shelf in a variety of classrooms and schools across the country—effects that were mitigated by fidelity of implementation. Furthermore, the authors assess the body of evidence on First Step to Success against the standards for effectiveness and widespread dissemination promulgated by the Society for Prevention Research, thereby suggesting directions for further research.
This study examined health care barriers and preferences among a self‐selected sample of returning U.S. veterans drawn from a representative, randomly selected frame surveyed about posttraumatic ...stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and mental health utilization in the prior year. Comparisons between treated (n = 160) and untreated (n = 119) veterans reporting PTSD symptoms were conducted for measures of barriers and preferences, along with logistic models regressing mental health utilization on clusters derived from these measures. Reported barriers corroborated prior research findings as negative beliefs about treatment and stigma were strongly endorsed, but only privacy concerns were associated with lower service utilization (B = −0.408, SE = 0.142; p = .004). The most endorsed preference (91.0%) was for assistance with benefits, trailed by help for physical problems, and particular PTSD symptoms. Help‐seeking veterans reported stronger preferences for multiple interventions, and desire for services for families (B = 0.468, SE = 0.219; p = .033) and specific PTSD symptoms (B = 0.659, SE = 0.302; p = .029) were associated with increased utilization. Outcomes of the study suggested PTSD severity drove help‐seeking in this cohort. Results also support the integration of medical and mental health services, as well as coordination of health and benefits services. Finally, the study suggested that outreach about privacy protections and treatment options could well improve engagement in treatment.
Resumen
Preferencias de tratamiento en los veteranos de OEF‐OIF
Este estudio examinó las barreras y preferencias de atención sanitaria en una muestra auto‐seleccionada de veteranos retornados a partir de una encuesta representativa, randomizada sobre la sintomatología de TEPT y el uso de tratamiento de salud mental en el año previo. Las comparaciones entre veteranos tratados (n = 160) y no tratados (n = 119) que reportaron síntomas TEPT se llevaron a cabo mediante mediciones de barreras y preferencias, con un modelo de regresión logística del uso de tratamiento en salud mental en grupos derivados de estas mediciones. Las barreras reportadas corroboran hallazgos previos, como creencias negativas acerca del tratamiento y el estigma, que fueron fuertemente respaldados, pero sólo las preocupaciones acerca de la privacidad estuvieron asociadas con el bajo uso de los servicios (β = −0.408, SE = 0.142; p = .004). La preferencia más avalada (>93.0%) fue por la asistencia con beneficios, seguida de la ayuda por problemas físicos y particularmente síntomas TEPT. Los veteranos que buscaron ayuda reportaron mayores preferencias por intervenciones múltiples y deseos de servicios para familias (β = 0.468, SE = 0.219; p = .33) y síntomas específicos de TEPT (β = 0.659, SE = 0.302; p = .29) se asociaron con un aumento del uso de servicios. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que la severidad del TEPT llevó a la búsqueda de ayuda en esta cohorte. Estos hallazgos apoyan la integración de los servicios médicos y de salud mental, como también la coordinación de los servicios de salud y de beneficios. Finalmente, este estudio sugirió que la difusión hacia la comunidad sobre la protección de la privacidad y opciones de tratamiento podría mejorar aún más la adhesión al tratamiento.
抽象
Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by AsianSTSS
標題: OEF‐OIF退役軍人PTSD症狀的治療喜好調查：進一步提升以退役軍人為本的醫護服務
撮要: 一項具代表性、使用隨機抽選的架構調查，訪問樣本在過去一年的創傷後壓力症(PTSD) 症狀學及心理健康服務的使用。本研究在這項調查中選出遣返的退役軍人為樣本，檢視他們接受醫療保健的障礙和喜好。本研究透過比較已受治療(n = 160)和未受治療但報稱有PTSD症狀(n = 119)的退役軍人，評估他們的障礙和喜好，並同時以邏輯迴歸模型分析評估得出的聚類中，心理健康服務的使用。報稱的障礙乃對治療抱極度負面的看法和羞恥感，證實了先前的研究發現，但只有私隱關注與低水準的服務使用相關(B = −0.408, SE = 0.142; p =.004)。受最多人歡迎的喜好(>93.0%)是帶有福利的協助，包括肢體障礙和特定PTSD症狀的治療。尋求治療的退役軍人報稱對接受多項幹預有較大渴求，而希望得到為家人提供的服務(B = 0.468, SE = 0.219; p =.033)和特殊的PTSD症狀(B = 0.659, SE = 0.302; p =.029)均與更高的服務使用水準相關。在這群樣本中，研究成果得出PTSD嚴重有助推動尋求治療。研究的發現支持結合醫療和心理健康服務和協調衛生及福利服務。最後，本研究指出宣傳私隱保障及治療選擇能有效改善投入治療的比率。
标题: OEF‐OIF退役军人PTSD症状的治疗喜好调查：进一步提升以退役军人为本的医护服务
撮要: 一项具代表性、使用随机抽选的架构调查，访问样本在过去一年的创伤后压力症(PTSD) 症状学及心理健康服务的使用。本研究在这项调查中选出遣返的退役军人为样本，检视他们接受医疗保健的障碍和喜好。本研究透过比较已受治疗(n = 160)和未受治疗但报称有PTSD症状(n = 119)的退役军人，评估他们的障碍和喜好，并同时以逻辑回归模型分析评估得出的聚类中，心理健康服务的使用。报称的障碍乃对治疗抱极度负面的看法和羞耻感，证实了先前的研究发现，但只有私隐关注与低水平的服务使用相关(B = −0.408, SE = 0.142; p =.004)。受最多人欢迎的喜好(>93.0%)是带有福利的协助，包括肢体障碍和特定PTSD症状的治疗。寻求治疗的退役军人报称对接受多项干预有较大渴求，而希望得到为家人提供的服务(B = 0.468, SE = 0.219; p =.033)和特殊的PTSD症状(B = 0.659, SE = 0.302; p =.029)均与更高的服务使用水平相关。在这群样本中，研究成果得出PTSD严重有助推动寻求治疗。研究的发现支持结合医疗和心理健康服务和协调卫生及福利服务。最后，本研究指出宣传私隐保障及治疗选择能有效改善投入治疗的比率。
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