The separation of copper(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) from aqueous chloride solutions by polymer inclusion membranes is presented. The tertiary amines, i.e. tri-
n-octylamine (TOA) and ...triisooctylamine (TIOA) have been applied as the ion carriers in membrane. The source phase was an aqueous HCl solution containing Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II). The selective transport of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous chloride source phase through PIM containing cellulose triacatate (CTA) as the support,
o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether (ONPPE) as the plasticizer and amines (TOA and TIOA) has been studied. Cu(II) and Co(II) ions were effectively removed from the source phase by transport through PIMs with TOA and TIOA as the ionic carriers into 0.1
M NaOH as the receiving phase. The initial fluxes of Cu(II) and Co(II) were higher with TIOA than with TOA. Ni(II) was not detected in the receiving phase. The effect of chloride ions concentration on the transport of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) has been investigated. Transport of Cu(II) and Co(II) increases with increasing of chloride ions concentration in the source phase. The metal ions fluxes decrease in the order Cu(II)
>
Co(II)
>
Ni(II).
Drift velocity of free electrons in liquid argon Walkowiak, W.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2000, Letnik:
449, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A measurement of the drift velocity of free electrons in liquid argon has been performed. Free electrons have been produced by photoelectric effect using laser light in a so-called “laser chamber”. ...The results on the drift velocity
v
d are given as a function of the electric field strength in the range
0.5
kV/
cm⩽|
E|⩽12.6
kV/
cm
and the temperature in the range
87
K⩽T⩽94
K
. A global parametrization of
v
d
(|
E|,T)
has been fitted to the data. A temperature dependence of the electron drift velocity is observed, with a mean value of
Δv
d
/(
ΔT
v
d
)=(−1.72±0.08)%/
K
in the range of 87–94 K.
The ball-on-disk method was used to determine the tribological properties of Zr–C:H films deposited by cathodic arc plasma deposition (CAPD) in low-temperature PVD processes (not exceeding 180
°C) on ...the 100Cr6 steel substrates. Different matchings with counter-specimen material (100Cr6, Al
2O
3, Si
2N
4) and different tribological conditions of a friction, at the same time maintaining the constant power in a friction zone expressed by the product of load and sliding speed, were applied during the tests. It was revealed, that values of a friction coefficient obtained during the tests and a wear rate coefficient of coatings and counter specimens are not only determined by the characteristics of material but also by the characteristics of the whole tribological system and strongly depend on working conditions of a friction test and matched materials. It was also revealed, that especially dangerous effects on durability of carbon coatings occurred when a friction zone carried a heavy load simultaneously with low sliding speed and additionally when carbon coatings were matched with very hard material of a counter specimen (Si
3N
4). Analysis of elements concentration distributed perpendicularly to the worn groove profile used to determine the mechanism of tribological wear enabled to reveal the occurrence of coating and counter-specimen materials in a friction zone.
Review of Particle Physics Tanabashi, M.; Nakamura, K.; Tanaka, J. ...
Physical review. D,
08/2018, Letnik:
98, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of ...gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology.
Review of Particle Physics Workman, R L; Klempt, E; Agashe, K ...
Progress of theoretical and experimental physics,
08/2022, Letnik:
2022, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured ...properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances.
The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings.
The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.
Jet energy scale measurements and their systematic uncertainties are reported for jets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collision data with a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV, ...corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 collected during 2015 at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed from energy deposits forming topological clusters of calorimeter cells, using the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameter R=0.4. Jets are calibrated with a series of simulation-based corrections and in situ techniques. In situ techniques exploit the transverse momentum balance between a jet and a reference object such as a photon, Z boson, or multijet system for jets with 20<pT<2000 GeV and pseudorapidities of |η|<4.5, using both data and simulation. An uncertainty in the jet energy scale of less than 1% is found in the central calorimeter region (|η|<1.2) for jets with 100<pT<500 GeV. An uncertainty of about 4.5% is found for low-pT jets with pT=20 GeV in the central region, dominated by uncertainties in the corrections for multiple proton-proton interactions. The calibration of forward jets (|η|>0.8) is derived from dijet pT balance measurements. For jets of pT=80 GeV, the additional uncertainty for the forward jet calibration reaches its largest value of about 2% in the range |η|>3.5 and in a narrow slice of 2.2<|η|<2.4.
The performance of the missing transverse momentum (
E
T
miss
) reconstruction with the ATLAS detector is evaluated using data collected in proton–proton collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass ...energy of 13 TeV in 2015. To reconstruct
E
T
miss
, fully calibrated electrons, muons, photons, hadronically decaying
τ
-leptons
, and jets reconstructed from calorimeter energy deposits and charged-particle tracks are used. These are combined with the soft hadronic activity measured by reconstructed charged-particle tracks not associated with the hard objects. Possible double counting of contributions from reconstructed charged-particle tracks from the inner detector, energy deposits in the calorimeter, and reconstructed muons from the muon spectrometer is avoided by applying a signal ambiguity resolution procedure which rejects already used signals when combining the various
E
T
miss
contributions. The individual terms as well as the overall reconstructed
E
T
miss
are evaluated with various performance metrics for scale (linearity), resolution, and sensitivity to the data-taking conditions. The method developed to determine the systematic uncertainties of the
E
T
miss
scale and resolution is discussed. Results are shown based on the full 2015 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
3.2
fb
-
1
.
A measurement of the mass of the
W
boson is presented based on proton–proton collision data recorded in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, and corresponding ...to
4.6
fb
-
1
of integrated luminosity. The selected data sample consists of
7.8
×
10
6
candidates in the
W
→
μ
ν
channel and
5.9
×
10
6
candidates in the
W
→
e
ν
channel. The
W
-boson mass is obtained from template fits to the reconstructed distributions of the charged lepton transverse momentum and of the
W
boson transverse mass in the electron and muon decay channels, yielding
m
W
=
80370
±
7
(
stat.
)
±
11
(
exp. syst.
)
±
14
(
mod. syst.
)
MeV
=
80370
±
19
MeV
,
where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second corresponds to the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third to the physics-modelling systematic uncertainty. A measurement of the mass difference between the
W
+
and
W
-
bosons yields
m
W
+
-
m
W
-
=
-
29
±
28
MeV.
Review of Particle Physics Barnett, R M; Beringer, J; Dahl, O ...
Progress of theoretical and experimental physics,
2020, Letnik:
2020, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured ...properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons.
The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings.
The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.
The luminosity determination for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during
pp
collisions at
s
=
8 TeV in 2012 is presented. The evaluation of the luminosity scale is performed using several luminometers, ...and comparisons between these luminosity detectors are made to assess the accuracy, consistency and long-term stability of the results. A luminosity uncertainty of
δ
L
/
L
=
±
1.9
%
is obtained for the
22.7
fb
-
1
of
pp
collision data delivered to ATLAS at
s
=
8 TeV in 2012.
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