Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical treatment in which a light‐absorbing drug called a photosensitizer (PS) is combined with light and molecular oxygen to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen. PDT ...provides additional tissue selectivity compared to conventional chemotherapy as singlet oxygen is generated only in areas in which PS accumulates and that are simultaneously illuminated by a light source with sufficient irradiance and dose. Early PDT beacons built on this concept by adding an analyte‐responsive element that simultaneously turns on PDT and fluorescence, providing both an additional layer of selectivity and real‐time feedback of the PS′s activation state. More recent PDT beacons have expanded this idea, with new methods now available for sensing analytes, generating singlet oxygen, and reporting treatment status. In this Minireview, we consider developments in advanced activation strategies implemented in therapeutic and theranostic beacons.
Extreme specificity: Photodynamic therapy beacons are phototoxic drugs that are only cytotoxic upon tissue accumulation, analyte‐driven activation, and external illumination. Moreover, their cytotoxic state simultaneously provides optical feedback to monitor treatment. In this Minireview, recent developments on how these beacons are becoming smarter still are discussed.
Stress echocardiographic (SE) testing is an important modality in cardiovascular risk stratification and obstructive coronary artery disease assessment. Binary sex-based parameters are classically ...used for the interpretation of these studies, even among transgender women (TGW). Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Yet, it remains unclear whether TGW exhibit a distinct stress testing profile from their cisgender counterparts.
Using a matched case-control study design, the authors compared the echocardiographic stress testing profiles of TGW (n = 43) with those of matched cisgender men (CGM; n = 84) and cisgender women (CGW; n = 86) at a single center. Relevant data, including demographics, comorbidities, and cardiac testing data, were manually extracted from the patients’ charts.
The prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was similar between TGW and CGW and lower than that of CGM (P = .003 and P = .009, respectively). The majority of comorbidities and laboratory values were similar. On average, TGW had higher heart rates than CGM (P = .002) and had lower blood pressures than CGM and CGW (P < .05). TGW’s double product and metabolic equivalents were similar to those among CGW and lower than those of CGM (P = .016 and P = .018, respectively). On echocardiography, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters among TGW were similar to those of CGW but lower than those of CGM (P = .023 and P = .018, respectively). Measures of systolic and diastolic function, except for exercise mitral valve E/e′ ratio, which was lower in TGW than CGW (P = .029), were largely similar among the three groups. There was no difference in the wall motion score index, and therefore, no difference in the percentage of positive SE test results.
This study shows, for the first time, that TGW have a SE profile that is distinct from that of their cisgender counterparts. Larger, multicenter, prospective studies are warranted to further characterize the SE profile of TGW.
•Transgender women’s BMI closely resembled those of cisgender men.•Their metabolic equivalents were comparable with those of cisgender women.•Transgender women’s LVEDd and LVESd were similar to those of cisgender women.•Transgender women exhibit a unique profile on stress echocardiography.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical treatment in which a light‐absorbing drug called a photosensitizer (PS) is combined with light and molecular oxygen to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen. PDT ...provides additional tissue selectivity compared to conventional chemotherapy as singlet oxygen is generated only in areas in which PS accumulates and that are simultaneously illuminated by a light source with sufficient irradiance and dose. Early PDT beacons built on this concept by adding an analyte‐responsive element that simultaneously turns on PDT and fluorescence, providing both an additional layer of selectivity and real‐time feedback of the PS′s activation state. More recent PDT beacons have expanded this idea, with new methods now available for sensing analytes, generating singlet oxygen, and reporting treatment status. In this Minireview, we consider developments in advanced activation strategies implemented in therapeutic and theranostic beacons.
Extreme Spezifität: Beacons/„Leuchtfeuer” für die photodynamische Therapie sind phototoxische Wirkstoffe, die nur bei Akkumulation im Gewebe, Aktivierung durch einen Analyten und externe Beleuchtung zytotoxisch werden. Gleichzeitig bietet ihr zytotoxischer Zustand eine optische Rückmeldung zur Überwachung einer Behandlung. Dieser Kurzaufsatz diskutiert jüngste Bemühungen um die Entwicklungen noch smarterer Beacons.
Measurement of the W-boson mass ABE, F; AMIDEI, D; BEHRENDS, S ...
Physical review letters,
10/1990, Letnik:
65, Številka:
18
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We have determined {ital m}{sub {ital W}}=79.91{plus minus}0.39 GeV/{ital c}{sup 2} from an analysis of {ital W}{r arrow}{ital e}{nu} and {ital W}{r arrow}{mu}{nu} data from the Collider Detector at ...Fermilab in {ital {bar p}p} collisions at a c.m. energy of {radical}{ital s} =1.8 TeV. This result, together with the world-average {ital Z} mass, determines the weak mixing angle to be sin{sup 2}{theta}{sub {ital W}}=0.232{plus minus}0.008. Bounds on the top-quark mass are discussed.
Fifty patients with infected cerebrospinal fluid shunts were treated by one of three forms of treatment: a) Twenty-two patients had shunt removal, systemic antibiotic treatment, and either external ...ventricular drainage or intermittent ventricular taps for decompression and antibiotic administration. b) Seventeen patients had removal and immediate replacement of the shunt with intrashunt and systemic antibiotics. c) Eleven patients received intrashunt and systemic antibiotics without shunt removal. In the first group, antibiotics were given for a period of one week; in the second and third groups, intravenous antibiotics were administered for a minimum period of three weeks, and intraventricular antibiotics twice daily for two weeks. In all patients ventricular CSF was obtained and cultured 48 hours after cessation of antibiotic therapy, and cultures were repeated within four months after completion of therapy. Twenty-one of 22 patients in the first group as well as 11 of 13 of the second group, were successfully treated. In the third group only four of the 11 patients responded to treatment.
The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager (LEXI) is a wide field-of-view soft X-ray telescope developed to study solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. LEXI is part of the Blue Ghost 1 mission ...comprised of 10 payloads to be deployed on the lunar surface. LEXI monitors the dayside magnetopause position and shape as a function of time by observing soft X-rays (0.1–2 keV) emitted from solar wind charge-exchange between exospheric neutrals and high charge-state solar wind plasma in the dayside magnetosheath. Measurements of the shape and position of the magnetopause are used to test temporal models of meso- and macro-scale magnetic reconnection. To image the boundary, LEXI employs lobster-eye optics to focus X-rays to a microchannel plate detector with a 9.1
×
∘
9.1
∘
field of view.
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