Theaflavin Chemistry and Its Health Benefits Shan, Zhiguo; Nisar, Muhammad Farrukh; Li, Mingxi ...
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity,
2021, Letnik:
2021
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Huge epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that black tea is a rich source of health-promoting ingredients, such as catechins and theaflavins (TFs). Furthermore, TF derivatives mainly ...include theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3′-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3). All of these TFs exhibit extensive usages in pharmaceutics, foods, and traditional medication systems. Various indepth studies reported that how TFs modulates health effects in cellular and molecular mechanisms. The available literature regarding the pharmacological activities of TFs has revealed that TF3 has remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, and antimicrobial properties, thus posing significant effects on human health. The current manuscript summarizes both the chemistry and various pharmacological effects of TFs on human health, lifestyle or aging associated diseases, and populations of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the biological potential of TFs has also been focused to provide a deeper understanding of its mechanism of action.
Purpose. To screen the main active components of Citrus aurantium through a network pharmacology approach, construct a component-disease target network, explore its molecular mechanism for the ...treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and validate it experimentally. Methods. The active ingredients in Citrus aurantium and the targets of Citrus aurantium and NSCLC were collected through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), GeneCards, and OMIM databases. The protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and the component-disease relationship network graph was analyzed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The Metascape database can be used for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was applied for overall survival analysis of key targets of Citrus aurantium in the treatment of NSCLC. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of key targets of Citrus aurantium for the treatment of NSCLC. Results. Five active ingredients of Citrus aurantium were screened, and 54 potential targets for the treatment of NSCLC were found, of which the key ingredient was nobiletin and the key targets are TP53, CXCL8, ESR1, PPAR-α, and MMP9. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the mechanism of nobiletin in treating NSCLC may be related to the regulation of cancer signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway, and neurodegenerative signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that nobiletin could inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cells and upregulate the levels of P53 and PPAR-α and suppress the expression of MMP9 (P<0.05). Conclusion. Citrus aurantium can participate in the treatment of NSCLC through multiple targets and pathways.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common multidisciplinary diagnostic clinical critical illness, eventually causes end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although many clinical measures have been taken to ...prevent or treat AKI, high morbidity and death rates were recorded. Therefore, in-depth pathogenesis study and search for new therapeutic targets are in demand. Interestingly, the suirtuins family showed a significant protective effect in AKI. Sirtuins (SIRT1–7) is a family of seven proteins with NAD+-dependent type III histone deacetylase activity. Sirtuins family members were involved by AKI, and regulation of sirtuins activities significantly improved AKI-induced renal injury. Therefore, the therapeutic role and molecular mechanisms of the sirtuins family in AKI has important research implications for clinical applications or basic research.
This review summarizes recent advances in the roles and functions of the sirtuins family, discusses their therapeutic effects on AKI and related molecular mechanisms, and the mechanisms of action of small molecule specific activators or inhibitors sirtuins in the prevention and treatment of AKI were discussed.
The data in this review were retrieved from various scientific databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science), till December 2021. The keywords were used as follows: “Sirtuins”, “Acute kidney injury”, “AKI”, “Sirtuins modulators” and “Histone deacetylation”. The retrieved data followed PRISMA criteria (preferred reporting items for systematic review).
Growing evidence indicates that members of the sirtuins family regulate the development and progression of different renal diseases, including AKI, through anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-apoptotic, and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. The molecular mechanism of Sirtuins family on AKI mainly regulated NF-κB, JNK/ERK, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, upregulated the expression of PGC-1α, HO-1, NRF2, Bcl-2, OPA1, and AMPK, and downregulated the expression of NRLP3, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS, MFF, Drp1, Bax, ERK, and mTOR. In addition, the active ingredients of herbs (resveratrol, thujaplicins, huperzine, and curcumin) could activate the activity of SIRT1 or SIRT3, thereby improving AKI. Meanwhile, the synthetic Sirtuins inhibitor (AK-1) inhibited SIRT2 activity, thus alleviating AKI. In the future, more specific modulators will remain needed to enhance the clinical therapeutic role of the Sirtuins family in AKI.
The sirtuins family is a promising type III histone deacetylase for AKI treatment. This review will provide insight into sirtuins family's therapeutic role in AKI and promote the clinical use of sirtuins modulators in AKI.
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...in the context of carcinoma, TGF-β signaling suppresses tumor growth through induced cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis but facilitates tumor cell dissemination via the production of ...prometastatic factors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. ...TGF-β signaling and the corresponding cellular response are regarded as both a tumor-suppressive and a tumor-supportive event during cancer development and progression 2. The article gives an overview of the tumor-suppressive role of TGF-β signaling through the cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis and, meanwhile, the prometastasis activity of TGF-β signaling in the reestablishment of tumor-favorable microenvironment. ...the review article also summarized the therapeutic components targeting at TGF-β family ligands or TGF-β receptors, including antisense oligonucleotides and monoclonal antibodies. ...we would like to give our sincere thanks to the Editorial Board for inviting us to edit this special issue.
Eriocitrin: A review of pharmacological effects Yao, Liangliang; Liu, Wei; Bashir, Mariam ...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy,
October 2022, 2022-10-00, 20221001, 2022-10-01, Letnik:
154
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The present study aimed to recognize the recent literature to highlight the pharmacological impacts and highlight the therapeutic potential of the active molecule eriocitrin. Citrus limon are a good ...resource of the flavanone eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7-O-β-D-rutinoside). Eriocitrin has potent biological actions due to its strong antioxidant, antitumor, anti-allergic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. Eriocitrin is more potent in suppressing oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) and other chronic diseases incurred by excessive oxidative stress. During metabolism, eriocitrin is metabolized by gut microbiota, and a chain of molecules such as eriodictyol, methy-eriodictyol, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA), and much more conjugated molecules. More in-depth studies are recommended to explore this drug for clinical trials.
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•Eriocitrin is well distributed in the citrus family (lemon peels and juice).•Great bioavailability mainly because of metabolic proficiency.•Easy solubility in aqueous medium and at an optimum pH range.•Huge pharmacological potential (immunity boost, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties).•Lowers inflammations associated and aging associated diseases.
causes blue mold disease and leads to huge economic losses in citrus production. As a natural antifungal agent, clove essential oil (CEO), which is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance, ...shows strong in vitro activity against fungal pathogens. However, few studies on CEO for controlling postharvest blue mold disease caused by
in citrus fruit have been reported. Our aims were to investigate the control efficacy and possible mechanisms involved of CEO against
. In the present study, CEO treatment inhibited the disease development of blue mold when applied at 0.05% to 0.8% (v/v), and with the effective concentration being obtained as 0.4% (v/v). Besides its direct antifungal activity, CEO treatment also spurred a rapid accumulation of H
O
compared with untreated fruits, which might contribute to enhancing an increase in the activities of defense-related enzymes, such as β-1,3-glucanase (β-Glu), chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and lipoxygenase (LOX) in citrus fruit. Results of real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that the gene expressions of β-Glu, CHI, PAL, POD and PPO were up-regulated in CEO-treated fruits. At the same time, CEO treatment led to down-regulated expression of the LOX gene in citrus fruit. Clove essential oil effectively control the disease incidence of blue mold decay in citrus fruit by motivating the host-defense responses, suppressing the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation while enhancing the activities and gene expressions of defense-related enzymes. Our study provides an alternative preservative applying CEO to reduce postharvest fungal decay in citrus fruit.
fruits are subjected to a diversity of postharvest diseases caused by various pathogens during picking, packing, storage and transportation. Green and blue molds, caused by
and
, respectively, are ...two major postharvest citrus diseases and cause significant economic losses during the commercialization phase. Currently, the control of postharvest citrus diseases relies mainly on the use of synthetic fungicides, which usually result in the resistance against fungal attack, environment pollution and health hazards. In recent years, much attention has been given to the preservation of citrus by naturally isolated edible plant extracts, medicinal plant extracts,
extracts and volatiles, et al. Scientists worldwide devote their time and energy to discover the high effect, low toxicity, safety and inexpensive plant-derived fungicides. The current review will highlight plant-derived fungicides and chemical constituents that aim to inhibit
and
in vitro and in vivo. Coatings enriched with plant extracts could be good alternative methods for
fruits preservation. Problems and prospects of the research and development of plant-derived natural fungicides will also be discussed in this article.
•Baicalin inhibits pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro.•Baicalin inhibits cardiac hypertrophy through activating SIRT3, but not SIRT1.•Ubiquitin-proteasome participated ...in Ang II-induced SIRT3 expression in cardiomyocytes.•Baicalin regulates protein expression of SIRT3 through proteasome inhibition.
The conserved sirtuin protein sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a vital protective protein for cardiac hypertrophy. Inhibition of SIRT3 accelerated the development of heart hypertrophy. On the other hand, myocardial hypertrophy was prevented by overexpressing SIRT3. SIRT3 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for managing or averting heart hypertrophy. Baicalin, a flavonoid extracted from the Scutellaria baicalensis plant, has anti-cardiovascular properties, including protection against cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanism of the anti-hypertrophic effect of baicalin is not well known.
In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of baicalin on cardiac hypertrophy and explored its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced mouse cardiac hypertrophy and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy models were established. After baicalin treatment, cardiac hypertrophy was monitored by detecting the expression of hypertrophic genes and cell surface area. Echocardiogram was performed to check the heart function in vivo. Moreover, the protein expression of the SIRT3-dependent pathway was detected by Western blotting.
In this work, we demonstrated that baicalin might suppress the cell surface area and the expression of the Ang II -induced myosin heavy chain β (β-MHC), brain natriuretic polypeptide (BNP), and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). Additionally, it reduced the AAC rats' hypertrophic impact. We also found that baicalin prevents cardiac hypertrophy by regulating SIRT3/LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, we showed that baicalin upregulated the SIRT3 protein expression by inhibiting proteasome and by the activation of 20 S proteasome subunit beta type-5 (PSMB5).
These results offer the first proof that baicalin inhibits cardiac hypertrophy due to its effect on the SIRT3-dependent signaling pathway, indicating its potential for treating cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The present study provides a preliminary experimental basis for the clinical application of baicalin and baicalin-like compounds.
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Salinization of soils and freshwater resources by natural processes and/or human activities has become an increasing issue that affects environmental services and socioeconomic relations. In ...addition, salinization jeopardizes agroecosystems, inducing salt stress in most cultivated plants (nutrient deficiency, pH and oxidative stress, biomass reduction), and directly affects the quality and quantity of food production. Depending on the type of salt/stress (alkaline or pH-neutral), specific approaches and solutions should be applied to ameliorate the situation on-site. Various agro-hydrotechnical (soil and water conservation, reduced tillage, mulching, rainwater harvesting, irrigation and drainage, control of seawater intrusion), biological (agroforestry, multi-cropping, cultivation of salt-resistant species, bacterial inoculation, promotion of mycorrhiza, grafting with salt-resistant rootstocks), chemical (application of organic and mineral amendments, phytohormones), bio-ecological (breeding, desalination, application of nano-based products, seed biopriming), and/or institutional solutions (salinity monitoring, integrated national and regional strategies) are very effective against salinity/salt stress and numerous other constraints. Advances in computer science (artificial intelligence, machine learning) provide rapid predictions of salinization processes from the field to the global scale, under numerous scenarios, including climate change. Thus, these results represent a comprehensive outcome and tool for a multidisciplinary approach to protect and control salinization, minimizing damages caused by salt stress.
•This is the first research for application of the CH (chitosan) coating with cinnamaldehyde (CI) in citrus fruit preservation.•CI-CH coating reduced moisture loss and disease incidence, maintained ...the fruit quality.•CI-CH coating slowed down the degradation of sugar components and organic acids in navel orange fruit.•CI-CH coating enhanced the activities of antioxidant and defense-related enzymes in navel orange fruit.
Quality and biochemical changes of navel orange (Citrus sinensis L., Osbeck) fruits in response to cinnamaldehyde-chitosan coating were studied during 120 day of storage at 10 ± 1 °C and 80–90% RH. The results showed that the coating significantly reduced the decay rate and weight loss of the navel orange fruits, delay the decrease of the content of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and vitamin C (Vc), effectively inhibited the content of MDA. Furthermore, the coatings maintaining enhanced the activity of SOD, CAT, POD and PPO, delay the senescence of fruits. The high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that coating treatment inhibited the decrease of total sugar content of fruits and slowed down the decline of total organic acids by slowing down the degradation of sucrose, fructose and citric acid content. Compared with chitosan coating, cinnamaldehyde- chitosan coating could significantly reduce the decay rate and had no adverse effects on fruit quality. Meanwhile, it could improve CAT, SOD and POD activity, induce the activity of PPO to increase, and improve the disease resistance of navel orange fruits. This study suggests that cinnamaldehyde-chitosan coating can extend the storage time and maintain quality of citrus fruit.
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