The performance of hybrid perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is markedly enhanced by the application of a NiOx electrode interlayer and moderate methylamine treatment. A hybrid ...perovskite‐based LED exhibits a peak luminous efficiency of 15.9 cd A−1 biased at 8.5 V, 407.65 mA cm−2, and 65 300 cd m−2, showing a distinctive impact for future applications.
Studies into the association between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and end-stage renal disease are limited. We investigated the risk of end-stage renal disease after delivery among women ...with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
We used insurance claims data from 1998 to 2009 to identify 26,651 women aged 19-40 years old who experienced hypertensive disorders during pregnancy; these women had no history of hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease or lupus. We also randomly selected 213,397 women without hypertensive disorders during pregnancy as a comparison cohort; the frequency was matched by age and index year of pregnancy. We compared the incidence of end-stage renal disease in the 2 cohorts. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after controlling for demographic and clinical factors.
Women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy had a greater risk of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, with adjusted HRs of 9.38 (95% CI 7.09-12.4) and 12.4 (95% CI 8.54-18.0), respectively, after controlling for urban status, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hyperlipidemia and abruption. The HR for end-stage renal disease was 2.72 (95% CI 1.76-4.22) after we also controlled for hypertension and diabetes. Women with preeclampsia or eclampsia had a higher risk of end-stage renal disease (adjusted HR 14.0, 95% CI 9.43-20.7) than women who had gestational hypertension only (adjusted HR 9.03, 95% CI 5.20-15.7).
Women with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy were at a high risk of end-stage renal disease. The risk was much greater for women who had preeclampsia or eclampsia than those who had gestational hypertension only.
Background
Senaparib is a novel, selective poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1/2 inhibitor with strong antitumor activity in preclinical studies. This first‐in‐human, phase 1, dose‐escalation study ...examined the safety and preliminary efficacy of senaparib in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Methods
Patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled from three centers in Australia, using a conventional 3 + 3 design. Dose‐escalation cohorts continued until the maximum tolerated dose or a recommended phase 2 dose was determined. Patients received one dose of oral senaparib and, if no dose‐limiting toxicity occurred within 7 days, they received senaparib once daily in 3‐week cycles. The primary end points were safety and tolerability.
Results
Thirty‐nine patients were enrolled at 10 dose levels ranging from 2 to 150 mg. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed in any cohort. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events were grade 1–2 (91%). Seven patients (17.9%) reported hematologic treatment‐emergent adverse events. Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in eight patients (20.5%), and the most frequent was nausea (7.7%). Two deaths were reported after the end of study treatment, one of which was considered a complication from senaparib‐related bone marrow failure. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that senaparib the accumulation index was 1.06–1.67, and absorption saturation was 80–150 mg daily. In 22 patients with evaluable disease, the overall response rate was 13.6%, and the disease control rate was 81.8%. The overall response rate was 33.3% for the BRCA mutation‐positive subgroup and 6.3% for the nonmutated subgroup.
Conclusions
Senaparib was well tolerated in Australian patients with advanced solid tumors, with encouraging signals of antitumor activity. The recommended phase 2 dose for senaparib was determined to be 100 mg daily.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03507543.
The novel, oral poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1/2 inhibitor senaparib was safe and well tolerated, with encouraging signals of antitumor activity, in patients in Australia with relapsed or refractory advanced solid tumors. A comprehensive analysis of safety, pharmacokinetic, and efficacy findings confirmed that the recommended phase 2 dose of senaparib in Australian patients should be 100 mg once daily.
An excellent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter requires a sophisticated molecular design strategy to incorporate structural features to simultaneously achieve high ...photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high horizontal emission dipole ratio (Θ//). This work reports the uses of heteroarenes and dicarbonitrile benzenes to design four new acceptors PymCN, PyoCN, PmmCN, and PmoCN, which are linked to a common donor dimethylacridine (DMAC) for making new TADF emitters. The emission wavelength, ΔEST, krisc, kr, and the resulting PLQY of the target TADF emitters are governed by the combined natures of the heteroaryl bridges (Py vs Pm) and the CN‐substituted patterns (o‐CN vs m‐CN). The photophysical and device characteristics reveal the best acceptor to be PyoCN, which is further coupled with spiroacridine to afford a new emitter SpiroAC‐PyoCN with an enhanced PLQY of 100% compared to that (91%) of the DMAC‐based counterpart DMAC‐PyoCN. Furthermore, linking PyoCN with spiro‐bisacridine (SBAC) gives an A–D–A‐configured TADF emitter SBAC‐PyoCN with both enhanced PLQY (100%) and Θ// (90%). The device employing SBAC‐PyoCN as emitter renders a maximum external quantum efficiency up to 36.1% owing to its unity PLQY and superior light out‐coupling efficiency. This rational molecular design strategy provides a feasible means to achieve an excellent TADF emitter design.
A rational strategy for designing thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter is reported, using dimethylacridine as a common donor to select the acceptor PyoCN that comprises pyridine and ortho‐dicarbonitrile benezene. PyoCN links to rigid donors spiroacridine and spiro‐bisacridine, leading to high photoluminescence quantum yield and high horizontal emission dipole ratio. The best device accomplishes a maximum external quantum efficiency up to 36.1%.
Background/Aim
Reflux episodes and postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index are useful impedance parameters that can augment the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). ...However, manual analysis of pH‐impedance tracings is time consuming, resulting in limited use of these novel impedance metrics. This study aims to evaluate whether a supervised learning artificial intelligence (AI) model is useful to identify reflux episodes and PSPW index.
Methods
Consecutive patients underwent 24‐h impedance‐pH monitoring were enrolled for analysis. Multiple AI and machine learning with a deep residual net model for image recognition were explored based on manual interpretation of reflux episodes and PSPW according to criteria from the Wingate Consensus. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to measure the strength of inter‐rater agreement of data between manual and AI interpretations.
Results
We analyzed 106 eligible patients with 7939 impedance events, of whom 38 patients with pathological acid exposure time (AET) and 68 patients with physiological AET. On the manual interpretation, patients with pathological AET had more reflux episodes and lower PSPW index than those with physiological AET. Overall accuracy of AI identification for reflux episodes and PSPW achieved 87% and 82%, respectively. Inter‐rater agreements between AI and manual interpretations achieved excellent for individual numbers of reflux episodes and PSPW index (ICC = 0.965 and ICC = 0.921).
Conclusions
AI has the potential to accurately and efficiently measure impedance metrics including reflux episodes and PSPW index. AI can be a reliable adjunct for measuring novel impedance metrics for GERD in the near future.
Inter‐rater agreements between artificial intelligence (AI) and manual interpretations achieved excellent for individual numbers of reflux episodes and postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW): Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.965 and 0.921, respectively.
Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) by using two antibodies and two scoring ...guidelines in correlation with HER2 amplification and clinicopathological features.
Methods and results
A tissue microarray was constructed by use of a total of 71 OCCC cases for IHC (the A0485 antibody and the 4B5 antibody) and dual‐colour silver in‐situ hybridisation (DISH). Two pathologists independently scored the IHC according to the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) breast cancer guidelines (breast guidelines) and the 2016 ASCO/CAP gastro‐oesophageal adenocarcinoma guidelines (gastric guidelines). IHC concordances between A0485 and 4B5 were 87.3–93.0%. Three to 16 (4.2–22.5%) cases had an IHC score of 2+/3+ with frequent basolateral/lateral membranous staining. The 4B5 antibody yielded fewer IHC 2+ cases than the A0485 antibody (n = 2–6 versus n = 5–12). Five (7.0%) cases had HER2 amplification as determined with DISH. Cases with papillary‐predominant growth patterns were significantly more likely to have HER2 amplification (P = 0.0051). In predicting DISH results, IHC scored according to the gastric guidelines yielded 100%/100% sensitivity and 83.3–95.5%/98.2–100% specificity, and IHC scored according to the breast guidelines yielded 60–80%/33.3–66.7% sensitivity and 95.5–100%/100% specificity (including/excluding IHC 2+ cases). One case had intratumoral heterogeneity, with discordant results between primary and metastatic tumour specimens.
Conclusion
We demonstrated HER2 amplification in 7% of OCCC cases, and the molecular change is significantly associated with papillary‐predominant growth patterns. In predicting HER2 amplification, a combination of 4B5 IHC and gastric guidelines provides the best sensitivity and fewer equivocal (IHC 2+) cases. Given the intratumoral heterogeneity, assessment of HER2 status on whole tissue sections and on both primary and metastatic tumour specimens is recommended.
Background Myocardial steatosis and fibrosis may play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We therefore investigated the prognostic significance of ...epicardial fat (epicardial adipose tissue EAT) and myocardial diffuse fibrosis. Methods and Results Myocardial fibrosis, estimated as extracellular volume (ECV), and EAT were measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 163 subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We also evaluated cardiac structure and diastolic and systolic function by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. After 24 months' follow‐up, 39 (24%) subjects had experienced cardiovascular events, including hospitalization for heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiovascular death. Median EAT and mean ECV were significantly higher in subjects with cardiovascular events than survivors (EAT, 35 25–45 versus 31 21–38, P =0.006 and ECV, 28.9±3.16% versus 27.2±3.56%, P =0.04). Subjects with high EAT (≥42 g) had increased risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio HR, 2.528 95% CI, 1.704–4.981; P =0.032). High ECV (>29%) was also significantly associated with poorer outcomes (HR, 1.647 95% CI, 1.263–2.548; P =0.013). With respect to secondary end points, high EAT and high ECV were associated with increased risk of the incident acute coronary syndrome (HR, 1.982 95% CI, 1.008–4.123; P =0.049) and hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 1.789 95% CI, 1.102–6.987; P =0.033), respectively. Conclusions Our study suggested that increased epicardial fat and ECV detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have an impact on cardiovascular prognosis, in particular acute coronary syndrome and hospitalization for heart failure, respectively.
Over the last decade, educators, administrators, and policy makers increasingly focus on corporate social responsibility. However, no studies examine the relationships among corporate social ...responsibility, brand equity, and firm performance. This study uses quantile regression and structural equation modeling to explore the causal linkages among these factors in Taiwanese high-tech companies over the period 2010–2013.
The results of quantile regression analysis show that the economic dimension of corporate social responsibility and the prestige driver of brand equity are positive and significant for all the quantiles. The brand extension driver provides a significant positive effect at the higher quantiles of firm performance. However, the findings indicate a significant negative effect on firm performance for the brand loyalty driver. The findings of structural equation modeling suggest that corporate social responsibility and brand equity positively affect firm performance. This study provides useful insights on brand equity and corporate social responsibility.
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