AIM： To explore the change of intestinal mucosa barrier function in the progress of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） in rats. METHODS： Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided ...into control group and model group. Rats in the control group were given normal diet, and rats in the model group were given fat-rich diet. Eight rats in each group were killed at end of the 8th and 12th wk, respectively. The levels of endotoxin, D-xylose, TG, TC, ALT and AST, intestinal tissue SOD and MDA as well as intestinal mucus secretory IgA （sIgA） were measured. The pathology of liver was observed by HE staining. RESULTS： At end of the 8th wk, there was no marked difference in the levels of endotoxin, D-xylose and sIgA between the two groups. At end of the 12th wk, rats in the model group developed steatohepatitis and had a higher serum level of endotoxin （P = 0.01） and D-xylose （P = 0.00） and a lower serum level of sIgA （P = 0.007）. CONCLUSION： Intestinal mucosa barrier malfunction may exist in NASH rats and may be an important promoter of NASH in rats.
Since its discovery a decade ago, microRNA has been identified as one of the major regulatory gene families in eukaryotic cells. Many functions of microRNAs have been revealed both in flora and fauna ...in recent years, but the transcriptional regulation of microRNA genes is not well-understood. In the present study, a series of primers were designed in the 2 000 nt upstream regions of porcine miR-181 and miR-1 and then the sequences were cloned into pGL3-basic vector to test their transcriptional activity. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that, the activity of 5＂-flanking sequence of miR-181 started on construct -51, decreasing with the length of the fragment up to -444. The upstream 590 bp confer maximal transcriptional activity and the basal promoter activity is located within the -82 to ＋16 bp region. For miR-1, the activity starts on construct -50, decreasing with the length of the fragment up to -1 254 in despite of a bit of fluctuation, and the basal promoter activity is located within the -50 to ＋47 bp region. Furthermore, some putative regulation elements of both miR-181 and miR-1 were located. In addition, tissue distribution revealed that miR-181 is expressed at a relatively low level.
The aims of this research were to compare subsurface drip irrigation scheduling and nitrogen fertilization rates in cucumber,and evaluate yield and quality of cucumber fruit, water (WUE), irrigation ...water (IWUE), and nitrogen use (NUE) efficiencies in the solar greenhouse in Southwest China. The irrigation water amounts were determined based on the 20 cm diameter pan (Ep) placed over the crop canopy, and cucumber plant was subjected to three irrigation water levels (I1, 0.6 Ep; I2, 0.8 Ep;and I3, 1.0 Ep) in interaction with three nitrogen fertilization levels (N1, 300 kg ha-1; N2, 450 kg ha-1; and N3, 600 kg ha-1). The results showed that the cucumber fruit yield increased with the improvement of irrigation water. Irrigation water increased yields by increasing the mean weight of the fruits, and also by increasing fruit number. But the highest values of IWUE and WUE were obtained from I2 treatment. NUE significantly decreased with the improvement of N application, but increased by irrigating more water. The quality of cucumber fruit decreased with the improvement irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization. In conclusion, the optimum irrigation level and nitrogen fertilizer application level for cucunber under subsurface drip irrigation in the solar greenhouse in Southwest China were 0.8 Ep and 450 and 600 kg ha-1, respectively.
The aims of this research were to compare subsurface drip irrigation scheduling and nitrogen fertilization rates in cucumber, and evaluate yield and quality of cucumber fruit, water （WUE）, irrigation ...water （IWUE）, and nitrogen use （NUE） efficiencies in the solar greenhouse in Southwest China. The irrigation water amounts were determined based on the 20 cm diameter pan （Ep） placed over the crop canopy, and cucumber plant was subjected to three irrigation water levels （I1, 0.6 Ep; I2, 0.8 Ep; and I3, 1.0 Ep） in interaction with three nitrogen fertilization levels （N1, 300 kg ha-1; N2, 450 kg ha-1; and N3, 600 kg ha-1）. The results showed that the cucumber fruit yield increased with the improvement of irrigation water. Irrigation water increased yields by increasing the mean weight of the fruits, and also by increasing fruit number. But the highest values of IWUE and WUE were obtained from I2 treatment. NUE significantly decreased with the improvement of N application, but increased by irrigating more water. The quality of cucumber fruit decreased with the improvement irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization. In conclusion, the optimum irrigation level and nitrogen fertilizer application level for cucunber under subsurface drip irrigation in the solar greenhouse in Southwest China were 0.8 Ep and 450 and 600 kg ha-1, respectively.
Pore water pressure and water content are important indicators to both deposition and consolidation of debris flows, enabling a direct assessment of consolidation degree. This article gained a more ...comprehensive understanding about the entire consolidation process and focused on exploring pore water pressure and volumetric water content variations of the deposit body during natural consolidation under different conditions taking the viscous debris flow mass as a study subject and by flume experiments. The results indicate that, as the color of the debris changed from initial dark green to grayish-white color, the initial deposit thickness declined by 3% and 2.8% over a permeable and impermeable sand bed, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between pore water pressure and depth in the deposit for both scenarios, with deeper depths being related to greater pore water pressure. For the permeable environment, the average dissipation rate of pore water pressure measured at depths of 0.10 m and 0.05 m were 0.0172 Pa/d and 0.0144 Pa/d, respectively, showing a positivechanging trend with increasing depth. Under impermeable conditions, the average dissipation rates at different depths were similar, while the volumetric water content in the deposit had a positive correlation with depth. The reduction of water content in the deposit accelerated with depth under impermeable sand bed boundary conditions, but was not considerably correlated with depth under permeable sand bed boundary conditions. However, the amount of discharged water from the deposit was greater and consolidation occurred faster in permeable conditions. This indicates that the permeability of the boundary sand bed has a significant impact on the progress of consolidation. This research demonstrates that pore water and pressure dissipations are present during the entire viscous debris consolidation process. Contrasting with dilute flows, pore pressure dissipation in viscous flows cannot be completed in a matter of minutes or even hours, requiring longer completion time — 3 to 5 days and even more. Additionally, the dissipation of the pore water pressure lagged the reduction of the water content. During the experiment, the dissipation rate fluctuated substantially, indicating a close relationship betweenthe dissipation process and the physical properties of broadly graded soils.
The joint effects of the sediment size and porosity on the contaminant adsorption/desorption and interfacial diffusion characteristics were experimentally investigated. The adsorption of Phosphorus ...(P) on the natural and artificial sediment suspensions was measured with respect to the P adsorption isotherms and kinetics in the experiment. The obtained adsorption isotherms for different grain-sized sediment suspensions fit well with the Langmuir equation, dependent on the initial aqueous concentration and sediment content. The P kinetic adsorption behaviors for cohesive fine-grained and non-cohesive coarse-grained sediment suspensions clearly show the size-dependent feature. On the other hand, the P kinetic release feature of a porous sediment layer is affected by not only the direct desorption of the uppermost sediments, but also the diffusivity in the pore-water within the underlying sediment layer, characterized by the sediment size and porosity, respectively. Furthermore, the temporal contaminant release from the permeable sediment layer into the overlying water column increases with the increasing flow velocity, while this enhancement in mediating the interfacial diffusion flux is somewhat insignificant in an immediate release stage, largely due to the resistance of the diffusive boundary layer on the hydrodynamic disturbance.
ISSR-Based Molecular Characterization of an Elite Germplasm Collection of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in China ZHANG Kai, WU Zheng-dan, LI Yan-hua, ZHANG Han, WANG Liang-ping, ZHOU Quan-lu, TANG Dao-bin, FU Yu-fan, HE Feng-fa, JIANG Yu-chun, YANG Hang , WANG Ji-chun (1State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R.China 2Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, P.R.China 3Shandong Rice Research Institute, Ji'nan 250100, P.R.China)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
11/2014, Letnik:
13, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of sweet potato accessions cultivated in China, and to establish the genetic relationships among their germplasm types, a representative ...collection of 240 accessions was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The mean genetic similarity coefficient, Nei’s gene diversity, and shared allele distance of tested sweet potato accessions were 0.7302, 0.3167 and 0.2698, respectively. The 240 accessions could be divided into six subgroups and five subpopulations based on neighbor-joining (NJ) clustering and STRUCTURE results, and obvious genetic relationships among the tested sweet potato accessions were identified. The marker-based NJ clustering and population structure showed no distinct assignment pattern corresponding to flesh color or geographical ecotype of the tested sweet potato germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed small but significant difference between white and orange-fleshed sweet potato accessions. Small but significant difference were also observed among sweet potato accessions from the Southern summer-autumn sweet potato region, the Yellow River Basin spring and summer sweet potato region and the Yangtze River Basin summer sweet potato region. This study demonstrates that genetic diversity in the tested sweet potato germplasm collection in China is lower than that in some reported sweet potato germplasm collections from other regions. Pedigree investigations suggest that more diverse Chinese sweet potato varieties should be formed by broadening the selection scope of breeding parents and incorporating the introduced varieties into future breeding programs.
Electronic properties are calculated and simulited by using density functional theory based on the nonequilibrium Green's function when a zigzag single-wall carbon nanotube (SCNTs) is twisted. We ...found that the twist of the single-wall carbon nanotube decreases their transmission function in certain energy ranges but some peaks are higher than unit despite twisting strongly affects the electronic structure of SCNT. The transmission peaks reduces gradually with twisting angle increasing. In addition, SCNT develops a Fermi-level which initially scales linearly with twisting angle and then reaches a constant value, the energy band gaps decrease with the twisting angles. All results indicate that SCNTs have lower electronic transport performance when the twisting angle increases, especially for large twisting angles.
Sulfenylation of C–H bonds for C–S bond formation under metal‐free conditions has become established as a powerful tool in organic chemistry. Various sulfenylation reagents such as thiols, ...disulfides, sulfinic acids, and so on have been employed for sulfenynlation reactions. In this review we mainly summarize the recent advances (2014 to the present) in this area and also discuss the mechanisms.
Sulfenylation of C–H bonds has recently come to receive more and more attention. In this Microreview, recent advances in sulfenylation of C–H bonds for C–S bond formation under metal‐free conditions are reviewed.
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