We tested the hypothesis that the biosensor capability of the endometrium is mediated in part, by the effect of different cargo contained in the extracellular vesicles secreted by the conceptus ...during the peri‐implantation period of pregnancy. We transferred Bos taurus taurus embryos of different origin, in vivo (high developmental potential (IV)), in vitro (intermediate developmental potential (IVF)), or cloned (low developmental potential (NT)), into Bos taurus indicus recipients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recovered from Day 16 conceptus‐conditioned medium were characterized and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo sequenced alongside RNA sequencing of their respective endometria. There were substantial differences in the endometrial response to in vivo versus in vitro and in vivo versus cloned conceptuses (1153 and 334DEGs respectively) with limited differences between in vitro Vs cloned conceptuses (36 DEGs). The miRNA cargo contained in conceptus‐derived EVs was similar between all three groups (426 miRNA in common). Only 8 miRNAs were different between in vivo and cloned conceptuses, while only 6 miRNAs were different between in vivo and in vitro‐derived conceptuses. Treatment of endometrial epithelial cells with mimic or inhibitors for miR‐128 and miR‐1298 changed the proteomic content of target cells (96 and 85, respectively) of which mRNAs are altered in the endometrium in vivo (PLXDC2, COPG1, HSPA12A, MCM5, TBL1XR1, and TTF). In conclusion, we have determined that the biosensor capability of the endometrium is mediated in part, by its response to different EVs miRNA cargo produced by the conceptus during the peri‐implantation period of pregnancy.
Differences in the response of the endometrium to embryos with different developmental competencies have been reported. Here we transfer embryos with different developmental potential (in vivo – high likelihood of pregnancy success; in vitro – intermediate‐quality embryos; and clones – low developmental competency) into synchronized recipients and investigate the microRNA cargo contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by the conceptus during the peri‐implantation period of pregnancy (Day 16). Differences in miRNA cargo are shown, and over‐represented pathways that are modified in the endometrium when exposed to these conceptuses with different developmental competencies are shown. We propose that different microRNA cargo packaged in the conceptus mediate, in part, the biosensor response of the endometrium in vivo.
This data article provides temporally and spatially high-resolution datasets of the indoor velocity fields for cross-ventilation models of two-layered simplified buildings separated by a second floor ...at the middle height with an opening using wind-tunnel experiments. The datasets are based on the research article entitled “Quantifying natural cross-ventilation flow of a two-layered model used for terraced houses in tropical zones by particle image velocimetry” by Ali et al. 1. Two cases are considered based on the positions of the inlet and outlet openings on each floor. The measurements were conducted using hot-wire anemometry (HWA) with 10,000 Hz and particle image velocimetry (PIV) with 1000 Hz for a sufficiently long period to determine reliable statistics of the mean, variances, and covariances. In addition, the article provides the instantaneous datasets of two velocity components determined by PIV for the cross-ventilation models. The datasets can be used for both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation and further investigation of turbulent flow nature of the multi-layer cross ventilation flow.
The long-term clinical benefit after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with total occlusions (TOs) and complex coronary artery disease has ...not yet been clarified.
The objective of this analysis was to assess 10-year all-cause mortality in patients with TOs undergoing PCI or CABG.
This is a subanalysis of patients with at least 1 TO in the SYNTAXES (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Extended Survival) study, which investigated 10-year all-cause mortality in the SYNTAX (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial, beyond its original 5-year follow-up. Patients with TOs were further stratified according to the status of TO recanalization or revascularization.
Of 1,800 randomized patients to the PCI or CABG arm, 460 patients had at least 1 lesion of TO. In patients with TOs, the status of TO recanalization or revascularization was not associated with 10-year all-cause mortality, irrespective of the assigned treatment (PCI arm: 29.9% vs. 29.4%; adjusted hazard ratio HR: 0.992; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.474 to 2.075; p = 0.982; and CABG arm: 28.0% vs. 21.4%; adjusted HR: 0.656; 95% CI: 0.281 to 1.533; p = 0.330). When TOs existed in left main and/or left anterior descending artery, the status of TO recanalization or revascularization did not have an impact on the mortality (34.5% vs. 26.9%; adjusted HR: 0.896; 95% CI: 0.314 to 2.555; p = 0.837).
At 10-year follow-up, the status of TO recanalization or revascularization did not affect mortality, irrespective of the assigned treatment and location of TOs. The present study might support contemporary practice among high-volume chronic TO-PCI centers where recanalization is primarily offered to patients for the management of angina refractory to medical therapy when myocardial viability is confirmed. (Synergy Between PCI With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery: SYNTAX Extended Survival SYNTAXES; NCT03417050; SYNTAX Study: TAXUS Drug-Eluting Stent Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for the Treatment of Narrowed Arteries SYNTAX; NCT00114972).
Endothelial cells play an essential role in inflammation through synthesis and secretion of chemoattractant cytokines and expression of adhesion molecules required for inflammatory cell attachment ...and infiltration. The mechanisms by which endothelial cells control the pro‐inflammatory response depend on the type of inflammatory stimuli, endothelial cell origin, and tissue involved. In the present study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor c‐Myc in inflammation using a conditional knockout mouse model in which Myc is specifically deleted in the endothelium. At a systemic level, circulating monocytes, the chemokine CCL7, and the extracellular‐matrix protein osteopontin were significantly increased in endothelial c‐Myc knockout (EC‐Myc KO) mice, whereas the cytokine TNFSF11 was downregulated. Using an experimental model of steatohepatitis, we investigated the involvement of endothelial c‐Myc in diet‐induced inflammation. EC‐Myc KO animals displayed enhanced pro‐inflammatory response, characterized by increased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration, and worsened liver fibrosis. Transcriptome analysis identified enhanced expression of genes associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in EC‐Myc KO mice relative to control (CT) animals after short‐exposure to high‐fat diet. Analysis of a single‐cell RNA‐sequencing dataset of human cirrhotic livers indicated downregulation of MYC in endothelial cells relative to healthy controls. In summary, our results suggest a protective role of endothelial c‐Myc in diet‐induced liver inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting c‐Myc and its downstream pathways in the endothelium may constitute a potential strategy for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Core–shell molecular bottlebrushes with various topologies and with poly (tert-butyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene (PtBA-b-PS) block copolymer side chains were synthesized via atom transfer radical ...polymerization (ATRP). After hydrolysis of the PtBA segments and their conversion to poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), the materials were used as templates to prepare titania nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the particles retained the characteristic shape of the templates, including branches and cylindrical geometry. The cylindrical dimensions, i.e. diameter and length, were controlled by the number average degrees of polymerization of the PAA side-chain block and the polymethacrylate backbone, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the weight fraction of inorganic content ranged from 17% to 35%, depending on the ratio of the length of PAA and PS blocks.
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•Molecular bottlebrushes with tunable topologies and anisotropy were synthesized.•Titania nanoparticles were prepared using brush templates with core–shell structures.•Characteristic shape of the templates were transferred into hybrid nanoparticles.
Pre-slaughter transport exerts negative effects on broilers’ welfare, meat yield, and meat quality, but little is known about the effect of transport on medium-growing broiler chickens. This study ...aimed at evaluating the effects of different durations of transport (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3h) on stress biomarkers and meat quality of medium-growing Yellow-feathered broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty Chinese Yellow-feathered broilers aged 75days (marketing age), of 2.02kg average BW, were allotted into five groups; each group contained six replicates (six birds/replicate (crate)). Each crate with dimensions 74×55×27cm (length × width × height) was loaded with six birds, that is, 30kg live BW/m2 crate. The tested transport durations increased BW loss (linear, P<0.01), plasma concentrations of ACTH (linear, P<0.10), cortisol and corticosterone (quadratic, P<0.05), and activity of glutathione peroxidase (linear, P<0.05), whereas plasma glucose was not affected. In breast muscle, contents of glycogen, lactic acid, malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione were not affected (P>0.05), but total antioxidant capacity decreased (linear, P<0.01). The drip loss of breast muscle increased (linear, P<0.01), whereas shear force, pH at 24h postmortem, and breast meat color lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) scores were not affected. In conclusion, the tested transport durations (from 0.5 to 3h) increased BW loss and some plasma stress biomarkers in 75-day-old Yellow-feathered broiler chickens, but the effect on meat quality attributes was minor.
Edge preparation has gained widespread use due to its low cost and high impact. Various edge preparation methods are reported in the literature. Choice of edge preparation techniques influences the ...edge properties and the ensuing tool performance. The current work investigates the influence of three different edge preparation methods, brushing, drag finishing, and wet abrasive jet machining on the performance of tungsten carbide inserts during orthogonal turning. Edge preparation not only changes the geometry but also the properties of the edge. Experimental results show that a drag finished edge has the lowest edge surface roughness (Ra = 0.42 μm), while abrasive jet machining can induce 63% greater compressive residual stress than the unprepared tool. Reduction in tool wear was observed at the same stage of cutting length in the prepared edges alongside improved edge hardness. A thermomechanical finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the thermomechanical behavior of all the cutting edges. Results demonstrate that the use of prepared cutting edges enhances stress distribution and reduces the temperature. Experimental results confirm that the drag finished edge has the best overall performance out of the three edge techniques with lower cutting temperature, better stress distribution, lower cutting forces, reduced flank wear, and reduced roughness of the machined surface finish.
•We detected and confirmed two magnetic phase transitions at ∼178K and ∼280K.•Both structural entropy and magnetic entropy contribute to the entropy change around Tstr.•−ΔSMmax can be expressed as ...−ΔSMmax∝Bn with n=1 around Tstr and n=2/3 around TC.
Bulk magnetization measurements (5–320K; 0–8T) reveal that below room temperature Mn0.9Ti0.1CoGe exhibits two magnetic phase transitions at ∼178K and ∼280K. Neutron diffraction measurements (3–350K) confirm that the transition at ∼178K is due to the structural change from the low-temperature orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure (space group Pnma) to the higher temperature hexagonal Ni2In-type structure (space group P63/mmc), while the transition at ∼280K originates from the transition from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism. The magnetocaloric behaviour of Mn0.9Ti0.1CoGe around Tstr∼178K and TC∼280K as determined via the magnetic field and temperature dependences of DC magnetisation are given by the maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes −ΔSMmax=6.6Jkg−1K−1 around Tstr∼178K, and −ΔSMmax=4.2Jkg−1K−1 around TC∼280K for a magnetic field change of ΔB=0–8T. Both structural entropy – due to the unit cell expansion of ∼4.04% – and magnetic entropy – due to an increase in the magnetic moment of ∼31% – are found to contribute significantly to the total entropy change around Tstr. Critical analysis of the transition around TC∼280K leads to exponents similar to values derived from a mean field theory, consistent with long-range ferromagnetic interactions. It was found that the field dependence of −ΔSMmax can be expressed as −ΔSMmax∝Bn with n=1 for the structural transition around Tstr and n=2/3 for the ferromagnetic transition around TC, thereby confirming the second order nature of this latter transition.
Transition metal oxides have been considered as the next lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) anode materials because of their ultrahigh specific capacity, tunable redox reaction, high stability, and low ...cost. However, their shortcomings of inherent large volume expansion (except titanium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide), low conductivity, and poor reaction kinetics seriously hinder the practical applications in LIBs. To overcome these problems, non-hierarchical heterostructure Fe2O3/Fe2F5 porous spheres (NHFs) are designed and successfully prepared by the simultaneously adsorption of fluoride ions during the formation of the precursor with a facile one-pot self-assembly approach. Compared with traditional counterparts, the NHF exhibits high structural stability and improved reaction dynamics upon repeated electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. Furthermore, NHF exhibits an outstanding reversible capacity of 765 mA h g−1 at the current density of 0.2 A g−1, an excellent rate capability of 265 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1, and an eminent cyclability with a capacity retention of 87.4% after 3000 cycles.
The non-hierarchical heterostructure Fe2O3/Fe2F5 porous spheres (NHFs) provide plenty of space to buffer the volume expansion and improve the stability of the structure during the lithiation/delithiation. In addition, the Fe2F5 pyrochlore phase does not contain Fe–F octahedral chains, and the corner-sharing of FeF6 octahedral units are linked in a more random way to form a meandering ion channel, which provides enough space for electrolyte access and alleviates the volume expansion during cycling process. More importantly, with the introduction of F ions and oxygen vacancies, the pseudocapacitive effect and conductivity of the NHF can be effectively improved, so as to effectively improve the reaction kinetics of the material in the process of charging/discharging. Display omitted
•Fluorine doping is realized by the self-adsorption of precursor.•Non-hierarchical heterostructure of Fe2O3/Fe2F5 spheres can greatly improve the cycling stability.•Excellent capacity retention of 87.4% is maintained after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1.•The pseudocapacitance effect enhances the reaction kinetics of NHF.
Inorganic bromine plays a critical role in ozone and mercury depletions events (ODEs and MDEs) in the Arctic marine boundary layer. Direct observations of bromine species other than bromine oxide ...(BrO) during ODEs are very limited. Here we report the first direct measurements of hypobromous acid (HOBr) as well as observations of BrO and molecular bromine (Br2) by chemical ionization mass spectrometry at Barrow, Alaska in spring 2009 during the Ocean‐Atmospheric‐Sea Ice‐Snowpack (OASIS) campaign. Diurnal profiles of HOBr with maximum concentrations near local noon and no significant concentrations at night were observed. The measured average daytime HOBr mixing ratio was 10 pptv with a maximum value of 26 pptv. The observed HOBr was reasonably well correlated (R2 = 0.57) with predictions from a simple steady state photochemical model constrained to observed BrO and HO2 at wind speeds <6 m s−1. However, predicted HOBr levels were considerably higher than observations at higher wind speeds. This may be due to enhanced heterogeneous loss of HOBr on blowing snow coincident with higher wind speeds. BrO levels were also found to be higher at elevated wind speeds. Br2 was observed in significant mixing ratios (maximum = 46 pptv; average = 13 pptv) at night and was strongly anti‐correlated with ozone. The diurnal speciation of observed gas phase inorganic bromine species can be predicted by a time‐dependent box model that includes efficient heterogeneous recycling of HOBr, hydrogen bromide (HBr), and bromine nitrate (BrONO2) back to more reactive forms of bromine.
Key Points
First observations of HOBr are presented
Direct evidence for high winds activating bromine
HOBr can be reproduced with model including aerosol uptake
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