The distribution patterns of
Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and
Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) in
in vitro-cultured pear plants were investigated using
in situ tissue-printing ...hybridization (TPH) and tissue blotting immunoassay (TBIA) to detect viral RNAs and coating proteins. Both ASGV and ACLSV showed high concentrations in the tip of the pear shoots and lower concentrations in the middle stem. The highest viral RNA titers were found in the phloem parenchyma of vascular bundles. Monitoring of viral RNA concentrations was conducted on infected
in vitro-cultured pear plants during thermotherapy using TPH combined with X-ray film exposure in serial cross sections. No viral RNA of ACLSV or ASGV was detected in less than 2 mm and 0.5 mm long tips, respectively. The heat treatment was less effective to reduce virus titers in the bottom shoot. The obtained results would assist in the selection of tips with proper sizes from pear shoots pre- and post-thermotherapy for the production of virus-free pear plants by meristem culture.
►Both ASGV and ACLSV showed high concentrations in the tip of the pear shoots. ►TPH combined with CDP-Star is the most suitable for screening virus-free materials. ►The heat treatment was great effective to reduce virus titers in the tip shoot. ►No viral RNAs of ACLSV and ASGV were detected in less than 2 mm and 0.5 mm long tips, respectively.
Tetanus consists of neonatal tetanus and non-neonatal tetanus. Non-neonatal tetanus remains a serious public health problem, although neonatal tetanus has been eliminated in China since 2012. ...Non-neonatal tetanus is a potential fatal disease. In the absence of medical intervention, the mortality rate of severe cases is almost 100
. Even with vigorous treatment, the mortality rate is still 30
-50
globally. These specifications aim to regulate non-neonatal tetanus diagnosis and treatment in China, in order to improve medical quality and safety. These specifications introduce the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, grading and treatment of non-neonatal tetanus.
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterised by asymmetrical parkinsonism and cognitive impairment. The underlying pathology varies between corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, ...Alzheimer’s disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration sometimes in association with
GRN
mutations. A 61-year-old male underwent neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment, MRI, and HMPAO-SPECT at our medical centre. After his death at the age of 63, brain autopsy, genetic screening and mRNA expression analysis were performed. The patient presented with slow progressive walking disabilities, non-fluent language problems, behavioural changes and forgetfulness. His family history was negative. He had primitive reflexes, rigidity of his arms and postural instability. Later in the disease course he developed dystonia of his left leg, pathological crying, mutism and dysphagia. Neuropsychological assessment revealed prominent ideomotor and ideational apraxia, executive dysfunction, non-fluent aphasia and memory deficits. Neuroimaging showed symmetrical predominant frontoparietal atrophy and hypoperfusion. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-TDP type 3 pathology was found at autopsy.
GRN
sequencing revealed a novel frameshift mutation c.314dup, p.Cys105fs and
GRN
mRNA levels showed a 50% decrease. We found a novel
GRN
mutation in a patient with an atypical (CBS) presentation with symmetric neuroimaging findings.
GRN
mutations are an important cause of CBS associated with FTLD-TDP type 3 pathology, sometimes in sporadic cases. Screening for
GRN
mutations should also be considered in CBS patients without a positive family history.
We investigate the tensile properties, strain rate sensitivity, and activation volume of nanostructured Ti prepared by equal channel angular pressing plus a series of thermal treatment. Simultaneous ...enhancement of strength and tensile ductility is achieved. The strain rate sensitivity is found to decrease with decreasing grain sizes (∼150–450nm). A new Hall–petch relationship is presented and discussed. The analyses on the internal friction peaks at around −70°C suggest that twins could play the primary role for the strain hardening of the annealed nanostructured Ti, consistent with the miniscule activation volumes.
In 2015, Guglielmi and Badia discussed optimal strategies in a particular type of service system with two strategic servers. In their setup, each server can be either active or inactive and an active ...server can be requested to transmit a sequence of packets. The servers have varying probabilities of successfully transmitting when they are active, and both servers receive a unit reward if the sequence of packets is transmitted successfully. Guglielmi and Badia provided an analysis of optimal strategies in four scenarios: where each server does not know the other’s successful transmission probability; one of the two servers is always inactive; each server knows the other’s successful transmission probability and they are willing to cooperate.
Unfortunately, the analysis by Guglielmi and Badia contained some errors. In this paper we correct these errors. We discuss three cases where both servers (I) communicate and cooperate; (II) neither communicate nor cooperate; (III) communicate but do not cooperate. In particular, we obtain the unique Nash equilibrium strategy in Case II through a Bayesian game formulation, and demonstrate that there is a region in the parameter space where there are multiple Nash equilibria in Case III. We also quantify the value of communication or cooperation by comparing the social welfare in the three cases, and propose possible regulations to make the Nash equilibrium strategy the socially optimal strategy for both Cases II and III.
The Co2+ sorption of two wool powders was investigated using its radioisotope 57Co (T 1/2 =271.8days and Isup3 =122.1 and 136.5keV) as a tracer. The effects of the type of buffer, the pH value, the ...contact time and the initial concentration of Co2+ on the sorption behaviour of wool powders were studied. The Co2+ releasing ability of wool powders and the re-use of wool powders to sorb Co2+ were also examined. The optimum sorption of Co2+ by the powders occurred at pH 8 in phosphate buffer and pH 10 in ammonium sulphate buffer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the changes in chemical structure of the wool after exposure to both buffer solutions. Compared to the untreated wool fibre, the fine wool powders showed rapid sorption rates and high sorption capacities for Co2+. Co2+ ions were recovered after exposing the Co2+ loaded wool to HCl (0.1M) and buffer at pH 3 (glycine/sodium chloride). After releasing Co2+ ions from wool powders, the efficiency of wool powders re-used to sorb Co2+ was 80% of that of the fresh wool powders. It is concluded from this study that wool powder can be used as an efficient sorbent to remove and release Co2+ from solution. Fine wool powders (WP) showed much higher sorption capacity for Co2+ than wool fibres. Co2+ ions were recovered after exposing the Co2+ loaded wool to HCl (0.1M) and buffer at pH 3. The efficiency of wool powder re-used to sorb Co2+ was 80% of that of the fresh wool powder. Display Omitted
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common high-grade malignant tumors in the world. Its incidence ranks fifth among malignant tumors in China, and various therapeutic measures have ...poor curative effect. Pyruvate kinase type M2 is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, and its abnormal expression in liver cancer is closely related to the proliferation, metastasis, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, as well as drug and radiation resistance. Therefore, multi-pathway targeted regulation of pyruvate kinase type M2 use is expected to become a new direction for the treatment of primary liver cancer.
•The Roe scheme is too dissipative for LES if not using unreasonably fine meshes.•The KEP scheme offers an alternative to Roe, and improves performance.•For low Mach industrial cases, the KEP scheme ...is shown to be successful.
Industrial legacy codes usually have had long pedigrees within companies, and are deeply embedded into design processes. As the affordability and availability of computing power has increased, these codes have found themselves pushed into service as large eddy simulation solvers. The approximate Riemann solver of Roe, which is frequently used as the core method in such legacy codes, is shown to need much user care when adopted as the discretisation scheme for large eddy simulation. A kinetic energy preserving (KEP) scheme—which retains the same advantageous stencil and communications halo as the original Roe scheme—is instead implemented and tested. The adaptations of code required to switch between the two schemes were found to be extremely straightforward. As the KEP scheme intrinsically bounds the growth of the kinetic energy, it is significantly more stable than the classical non-dissipative schemes. This means that the expensive smoothing terms of the Roe scheme are not always necessary. Instead, an explicit subgrid scale turbulence model can be sensibly applied. As such, a range of mixed linear–non-linear turbulence models are tested. The performance of the KEP scheme is then tested against that of the Roe for canonical flows and engine-realistic turbine blade cutback trailing edge cases. The new KEP scheme is found to perform better than the original in all cases. A range of mesh topologies: hexahedral; prismatic; and tetrahedral; are also tested with both schemes, and the KEP scheme is again found to perform significantly better on all mesh types for these flows.
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