Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic methods of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome and to formulate diagnostic criteria.Methods: This study was conducted ...using epidemiological surveys and a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 3,011 subjects were studied, and the following indices were collected after their return to low altitude areas from the plateau: general health status, blood, urine and stool samples, myocardial enzyme levels, liver and kidney function, nerve function, sex hormone levels, microalbuminuria, electrocardiogram(ECG), echocardiography, pulmonary function, and hemorheological markers. These data were compared to those of randomized healthy subjects in the same age range who lived at the same altitude to determine the characteristics of high altitude deacclimatization syndrome. Based on these characteristics, diagnostic criteria for high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome were formulated.Results: This study demonstrated that the incidence of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome was 84.36%. Sixty percent of the cases were mild, 30% were medium, and 10% were severe. The incidence was higher among those who returned to a place of lower altitude, resided at a high altitude for a longer period of time, or engaged in heavy labor while at high altitude. Patients with high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome manifested hematological abnormalities and abnormal ventricular function, notably a right ventricular diastolic function, which recovered to baseline function after one to five years. Exposure to long-term hypoxia often caused obvious changes in cardiac morphology, i.e., left and right ventricular hypertrophy, particularly within the right ventricle. In addition, patients with high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome often presented with low blood pressure, low pulse pressure, and microalbuminuria. A few patients presented with occult blood in their feces. The diagnosis of high altitude deacclimatization syndrome can be made if a patient who recently returns to the plain from the plateau complains of dizziness, weakness, sleepiness, chest tightness, edema, memory loss, and other symptoms and signs that do not alleviate under short-term rehabilitation or symptomatic treatment, and if organic diseases of the heart, lung, kidney, and other organs have been excluded.Conclusion: The diagnosis of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome should be made after a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s clinical symptoms and signs.
To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples ...were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit irnpactor （MOUDI） in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng （1269 m asl）, followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non- dust-storm periods, the average PM1.8 concentration was 41.8 μg·m^-3, contributing to 55% of the PM10. Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM1.8. Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of （NH4）2SO4 in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods.
Online social networks have gradually permeated into every aspect of people＇s life. As a research hotspot in social network, user influence is of theoretical and practical significant for information ...transmission, optimization and integration. A prominent application is a viral marketing campaign which aims to use a small number of targeted influence users to initiate cascades of influence that create a global increase in product adoption. In this paper, we analyze mainly evaluation methods of user influence based on IDM evaluation model, PageRank evaluation model, use behavior model and some other popular influence evaluation models in currently social network. And then, we extract the core idea of these models to build our influence evaluation model from two aspects, relationship and activity. Finally, the proposed approach was validated on real world datasets,and the result of experiments shows that our method is both effective and stable.
A diode-pumped alkali vapor laser (DPAL) is one of the most promising candidates of the next-generation high-powered laser source. As the saturated number density of alkali vapor is highly dependent ...on the temperature inside a vapor cell, the temperature distribution in the cross-section of a cell will greatly affect the homogeneity of a laser medium and the output characteristics of a DPAL. In this paper, we developed an algorithm based on the regime concluding quasi-Hilbert transform to evaluate the phase aberration of a wavefront when the probe beam passes through the vapor cell placed in one arm of a Mach–Zehnder interference setup. According to the theoretical algorithm, we deduced the temperature distribution of a cesium vapor cell for different heating conditions. The study is thought to be useful for development of a high-powered laser.
To meet the future demand for huge traffic volume of wireless data service, the research on the fifth generation （5G） mobile communication systems has been undertaken in recent years. It is expected ...that the spectral and energy efficiencies in 5G mobile communication systems should be ten-fold higher than the ones in the fourth generation （4G） mobile communication systems. Therefore, it is important to further exploit the potential of spatial multiplexing of multiple antennas. In the last twenty years, multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） antenna techniques have been considered as the key techniques to increase the capacity of wireless communication systems. When a large-scale antenna array （which is also called massive MIMO） is equipped in a base-station, or a large number of distributed antennas （which is also called large-scale distributed MIMO） are deployed, the spectral and energy efficiencies can be further improved by using spatial domain multiple access. This paper provides an overview of massive MIMO and large-scale distributed MIMO systems, including spectral efficiency analysis, channel state information （CSI） acquisition, wireless transmission technology, and resource allocation.
Background There are patients who underwent emergency coronary angiography （CAG） but did not receive percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. The aim of this study was to analyze these reasons. ...Methods This is a single-center retrospective study. We recruited 201 consecutive patients who received emergency CAG but did not receive PCI. To investigate the value of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events （GRACE） score in predicting PC1 possibilities in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome （NSTE-ACS） pa- tients, we recruited 80 consecutive patients who presented with NSTE-ACS and received emergency CAG as well as emergency PC1. Re- sults Among the 201 patients who received emergency CAG but did not receive PCI, 26% patients had final diagnosis other than coronary heart disease. In the patients with significant coronary artery stenosis, 23 patients （11.5%） were recommended to coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG）, one patient （0.5%） refused PCI; 13 patients （6.5%） with significant thrombus burden were treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist; 74 patients （36.8%） were treated with drug therapy because no severe stenosis （〉 70%） was present in the crime vessel. Moreover, 80 of the 201 patients were presented with NSTE-ACS （excluding those patients with final diagnosis other than coronary heart disease, excluding those patients planned for CABG treatment）, referred as non PCI NSTE-ACS. When comparing their GRACE scores with 80 consecutive patients presented with NSTE-ACS who received emergency CAG as well as emergency PCI （referred as PCI NSTE-ACS）, we found that PCI NSTE-ACS patients had significantly higher GRACE scores compared with non PCI NSTE-ACS patients. We then used Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve （ROC） to test whether the GRACE score is good at evaluating the possibilities of PCI in NSTE-ACS patients. The area under the curve was 0.854 ~ 0.030 （P 〈 0.001）, indicating good predictive value. Furthermore, we analyzed results derived from ROC statistics, and found that a GRACE score of 125.5, as a cut-off, has high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating PCI possibilities in NSTE-ACS patients. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the GRACE score has predictive value in determining whether NSTE-ACS patients would receive PCI.
Prosthetic hands are becoming more and more popular among people without a hand and it is able to perform certain manual operations in function.In biology,action potentials trigger muscle ...contractions,and surface electromyography（sEMG）signals are the sum of action potentials under the skin exposed by the electrodes（via sebum and solution conduction）.
The efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug in cancer treatment is often hampered by drug resistance of tumor cells,which is usually caused by abnormal gene expression.RNA interference mediated by si RNA ...and mi RNA can selectively knock down the carcinogenic genes by targeting specific m RNAs.Therefore,combining chemotherapeutic drugs with gene agents could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.Due to poor stability and solubility associated with gene agents and drugs,suitable protective carriers are needed and have been widely researched for the co-delivery.In this review,we summarize the most commonly used nanocarriers for co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and gene agents,as well as the advances in co-delivery systems.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting are typical postsurgical complications. Drug therapy is only partially effective. The goal of our meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety ...of electrical acupoint stimulation for postoperative nausea and vomiting and to score the quality of evidence supporting this concept.
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to March 19, 2020.
Twenty-six studies (2064 patients) were included. Compared with control treatment, electrical acupoint stimulation reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.57, P < 0.001), postoperative nausea (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.64, P < 0.001) and postoperative vomiting (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.70, P < 0.001). Electrical acupoint stimulation also reduced the number of patients requiring antiemetic rescue (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85, P = 0.004). No differences in adverse events were observed. Subgroup analysis showed that both electroacupuncture (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.74, P < 0.001) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.58, P < 0.001) had significant effects. Electrical acupoint stimulation was effective whether administered preoperatively (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.60, P < 0.001), postoperatively (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.76, P < 0.001), or perioperatively (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.67, P < 0.001). The quality of evidence was moderate to low.
Electrical acupoint stimulation probably reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, postoperative nausea, postoperative vomiting, and reduce the number of patients requiring antiemetic rescue, with few adverse events.
AIM To investigate the changes in microbiota in feces of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) and pouchitis using genomic technology.METHODS Fecal samples were obtained from UC patients with or ...without an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA) procedure, as well as healthy controls. The touchdown polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify the whole V3 region of the 16 S r RNA gene, which was transcribed from DNA extracted from fecal samples. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to separate the amplicons. The band profiles and similarity indices were analyzed digitally. The predominant microbiota in different groups was confirmed by sequencing the 16 S rR NA gene. RESULTS Microbial biodiversity in the healthy controls was significantly higher compared with the UC groups(P < 0.001) and IPAA groups(P < 0.001). Compared with healthy controls, the UC patients in remission and those in the mildly active stage, the predominant species in patients with moderately and severely active UC changed obviously. In addition, the proportion of the dominant microbiota, which was negatively correlated with the disease activity of UC(r =-6.591, P < 0.01),was decreased in pouchitis patients. The numbers of two types of bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale, were reduced in UC. Patients with pouchitis had an altered microbiota composition compared with UC patients. The microbiota from pouchitis patients was less diverse than that from severely active UC patients. Sequencing results showed that similar microbiota, such as Clostridium perfringens, were shared in both UC and pouchitis.CONCLUSION Less diverse fecal microbiota was present in patients with UC and pouchitis. Increased C. perfringens in feces suggest its role in the exacerbation of UC and pouchitis.
PDF
