Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was recently suggested to be a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance. We aim to investigate the associations between baseline and long-term TyG index with ...subsequent stroke and its subtypes in a community-based cohort.
A total of 97,653 participants free of history of stroke in the Kailuan Study were included. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride mg/dL × fasting glucose mg/dL/2). Baseline TyG index was measured during 2006-2007. Updated cumulative average TyG index used all available TyG index from baseline to the outcome events of interest or the end of follow up. The outcome was the first occurrence of stroke, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The associations of TyG index with outcomes were explored with Cox regression.
During a median of 11.02 years of follow-up, 5122 participants developed stroke of whom 4277 were ischemic stroke, 880 intracerebral hemorrhage, and 144 subarachnoid hemorrhage. After adjusting for confounding variables, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of baseline TyG index, those in the third and fourth quartile were associated with an increased risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio HR 1.22, 95% confidence interval CI 1.12-1.33, and adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.21-1.44, respectively, P for trend < 0.001). We also found a linear association between baseline TyG index with stroke. Similar results were found for ischemic stroke. However, no significant associations were observed between baseline TyG index and risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Parallel results were observed for the associations of updated cumulative average TyG index with outcomes.
Elevated levels of both baseline and long-term updated cumulative average TyG index can independently predict stroke and ischemic stroke but not intracerebral hemorrhage in the general population during an 11-year follow-up.
Stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δD) in atmospheric precipitation and water vapor have the potential to diagnose synoptic-scale weather processes. Here we present high-frequency measurements of stable ...isotopes in water vapor and rainfall during super typhoon Lekima of 2019 in Shanghai, Eastern China. Our results indicate that both water vapor and rainfall exhibit large fluctuations in δD, with the magnitude of 94.69‰ and 57.88‰, respectively. These fluctuations reflect changes in typhoon-induced atmospheric and precipitation processes. Water vapor content and its δD values before Lekima are generally high due to stable atmospheric conditions that effectively suppress vapor condensation and isotope fractionation. During Lekima, isotope ratios in both water vapor and rainfall are complex and generally follow an inverted U-shaped pattern due to the combined effects of convection intensity, moisture convergence and rain evaporation. After Lekima, dry continental (northerly) air mass and subsidence cause a substantial decrease in both water vapor content and δD over the study region. Our study sheds light on the influence of super typhoon on isotope behaviors of water vapor and rainfall, and may have some implications for paleoclimate reconstruction of typhoon activity.
•We present a detailed isotope anatomy of super typhoon Lekima.•Both atmospheric water vapor and rainfall exhibit an inverted U-shaped pattern in response to super typhoon.•The study sheds light on processes governing water isotopes during typhoon, improving the reconstruction of paleo-typhoon.
Abnormal expression of myotubularin-related protein 2 (MTMR2) has been identified in certain types of cancer, leading to varying effects on tumor genesis and progression. However, the various ...biological significances of MTMR2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been systematically and comprehensively studied. The aim of this study was to explore the role of MTMR2 in HCC. We obtained the raw data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Afterward, we analyzed the data using R and cBioPortal. We investigated the connection between MTMR2 and its expression, prognosis, clinical significance, methylation, genetic alterations, tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and drug reactivity in HCC patients. MTMR2 expression levels in HCC cells were validated through western blotting and RT-qPCR. MTMR2 exhibits high levels of expression across a wide range of cancer types, including HCC. MTMR2 is diagnostically valuable in detecting HCC, with its up-regulated expression often being indicative of poor prognosis among HCC patients. The in vitro experiments confirmed elevated MTMR2 expression in HepG2, HUH-7, and MHCC-97H cells. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that MTMR2 was an independent prognostic factor in HCC patients. The cg20195272 site has the highest degree of methylation in MTMR2, and it is positively correlated with MTMR2 expression. Patients with high levels of methylation at the cg20195272 site show poor prognosis. Analysis of the TME indicates that high expression of MTMR2 is associated with elevated ESTIMATE score and that MTMR2 expression correlates positively with infiltration by resting memory CD4 T cells, activated dendritic cells, as well as several immune checkpoints. There is a negative correlation between MTMR2 expression and TMB, and drug sensitivity analyses have shown that higher MTMR2 expression is associated with lower IC50 values. This study indicates that increased expression of MTMR2 may play a crucial role in the occurrence, progression, diagnosis, prognostic prediction and drug therapy of HCC.
•Most metal(loid)s in feathers and plasma were high and correlated with each other.•Oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GST, GPX and CAT) were positively intercorrelated.•The levels of biomarkers ...had positive correlations with As, Cr and Cd in feathers.•The levels of biomarkers had positive correlations with As, Cr, Pb, and Zn in plasma.
Toxic metal(loid)s in polymetallic mining areas are very prominent environmental stressors and may lead to undesirable oxidative stress responses in wild birds. Finding an effective nondestructive bioindicator to monitor the toxic effects of oxidative stress induced by metal(loid)s exposure is vital for bird conservation in these areas. In this study, the contents of six metal(loid)s (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and As) in feathers and plasma and the levels of seven oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GST, GPX, CAT, GSH and GSSG) in plasma were measured and their correlations were investigated for three resident bird species (turtledove Streptopelia chinensis, sparrow Passer montanus and blackbird Turdus merula) in Tongling, a polymetallic contaminated mining area in eastern China. The contents of most metal(loid)s were high in our samples and they were positively correlated with each other in both feathers and plasma, except that the Cd content was negatively correlated with Zn in plasma. Also, the activity levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GST, GPX and CAT) in plasma were positively correlated with each other. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the first principal component of metal(loid)s in feathers was positively correlated with that in plasma. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) indicated that the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers had positive correlations with the contents of As, Cr and Cd in feathers, and with the contents of As, Cr, Pb, and Zn in plasma. Compared with those in feathers, the metal(loid)s in plasma explained more of the total variance of the levels of oxidative stress and should be a good bioindicator. Due to the sampling convenience and no damages, we suggest that feathers may possibly be used as an auxiliary bioindicator for monitoring oxidative stress induced by metal(loid)s. This study supplements the information about selecting the bird-related nondestructive bioindicators as environment monitoring tool in polymetallic mining areas and provides a reference for bird conservation in similar areas.
Land-use variation indicates the spatial differentiation of regional ecological risk. Landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) has been used for the measurement and prediction of environmental ...quality. In the present study, the land-use dynamics of the Tarim River Basin from 2000 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed using ENVI 5.6 software based on Landsat TM and ETM+ images (2000, 2010, and 2020). Moreover, the ecological risk level and its spatiotemporal differentiation features were explored using geostatistical methods based on landscape pattern indices. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the arable land area increased the most (12,130.272 km2), and the woodland, wetland, water bodies, and building-land areas increased by 2416.541 km2, 4103.789 km2, 3331.230 km2, and 2330.860 km2, respectively. However, the bare-land area decreased the most (18,933.943 km2). (2) From 2000 to 2020, a decrease was detected in the landscape ecological risk index (LERI) of the basin, and the very low-, low-, and moderate-risk areas had the largest decrease. In addition, the area of the low- and moderate-risk areas gradually increased, while that of the high-risk areas was reduced. (3) The conversion rate of low-risk areas to very low-risk areas was the largest (5144.0907 km2/a), followed by that of high-risk areas to moderate-risk areas (4994.4765 km2/a). Therefore, the overall landscape ecological risk (LER) of the basin was reduced from 2000 to 2020, but the ecological risk of some areas, especially that of the glaciers and permanent snow-covered areas, still needs close attention.
A highly sensitive hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) gas-sensing network based on intracavity absorption is designed and experimentally verified. The capacity of the multichannel sensing ...network is expanded by time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technology. The voltage gradient method is employed in the wavelength scanning process of Fabry-Perot (F-P) filter to enhance the detection efficiency up to six times. The proposed sensing network has 16 sensing points. Experimental results show that the minimum detection limit (MDL) of this sensing system is 25.91 ppm and 26.85 ppm at the acetylene gas absorption peaks of 1530.371 nm and 1531.588 nm, respectively. As far as we know, it is the first time to obtain an intracavity sensing network via the application of an optical switch and DWDM at the same time. The sensing network can be used for high-capacity, low-concentration dangerous gas detection. It has great potential in environmental monitoring, industrial manufacturing, safety inspection and similar occasions.
Agricultural cooperatives greatly influence agricultural and rural modernization in China. Based on 381 farmer samples in the arid Tarim River Basin, this empirical study aimed to construct an index ...system for the exploration of the relationship between cooperatives and farmers’ collective action by using the Socio-Ecological System framework. The results showed that agricultural cooperatives helped to empower farmers to act collectively. Agricultural cooperatives, with the mechanisms of collective decision making, institutional constraints, and internal supervision, could realize the integration of resources required for farmers’ collective action and promote the sharing of risks and benefits. By providing financing support and a platform for resource integration, cooperatives could reduce constrains induced by economic difference among farmers; enhance village leadership, organization, and coordination; and promote the accumulation of social capital and villagers’ sense of identity with the village. Particularly, cooperatives could support farmers to adopt water-saving irrigation technologies and reduce their over-dependence on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, thus promoting farmers’ collective action. Therefore, the development of agricultural cooperatives will help enhance farmers’ collective action, promote the modernization of rural governance, and realize rural revitalization.
A tunable fiber polarization filter by filling different index liquids into the central hole of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and demonstrated. The dispersion characteristics and loss ...spectra of the polarization filter are evaluated by finite element method (FEM). The gold wires are selectively filled into the cladding air holes of the PCF. When the phase matching condition is satisfied, the liquid-core mode couples to surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) mode intensely. The resonance wavelength varies with the change of the structural parameters and liquids. By adjusting the refractive index of the liquid, we realize the polarization filter at the wavelength of 1.31, 1.49, and 1.55 μm, respectively, under the optimized structural parameters. This is the first time to propose the narrowband polarization filter at the communication wavelength of 1.31 μm to our best knowledge based on the coupling between liquid-core mode and SPP mode, and the full width half maximum (FWHM) is only 16 nm. The loss of X-polarized mode is 44336 dB/m at λ = 1.31 μm, and the corresponding loss of V-polarization mode is 224 dB/m. By comparison, we find the birefringence in our structure is further better than that in conventional structure. High birefringence is helpful to separate the resonance wavelength positions of the two orthogonal polarized modes. The result also reveals that resonance loss becomes small with increasing the distance between liquid core and gold wire.
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