Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Analogous to the border customs, liver mainly functions as a filter to detoxify chemicals and metabolite ...administered orally or intravenously. Besides, the liver cancer cells overexpress the drug exporters which cause high drug effluxion from liver cancer cells, leading to chemoresistance and a diminished chemotherapeutic effect on liver cancer. Recently, we found that RNA nanoparticles display rubber-like property that can rapidly deliver therapeutics to tumor site efficiently and the rest of the RNA nanoparticle were cleared by renal excretion within half hour after systemic injection. Therefore, we designed a new multivalent RNA nanoparticle harboring three copies of hepatocyte targeting-ligands, one copy of miR122, and 24 copies of Paclitaxel to overcome the drug effluxion and chemoresistance thus, synergistically treating HCC. The hepatocyte targeting ligands introduce tumor specificity to the RNA nanoparticles as they selectively bind and internalize into liver cancer cells. The rubber-like RNA nanoparticles allow for enhanced targeting ability to the HCC tumors. The RNA nanoparticles carrying miR122 and PTX were delivered to the liver cancer cells efficiently due to their rubber-like property to enhance their EPR as well as the receptor-mediated endocytosis by hepatocyte targeting-ligands. The miR122 efficiently silenced the drug exporters and the oncogenic proteins. The synergistic effect between miR122 and PTX was confirmed by HSA (Highest Single Agent) synergy model. IC50 was determined to be 460 nM. In vivo studies on mice xenografts revealed that the RNA nanoparticle predominantly accumulated in HCC tumor sites and efficiently inhibited the tumor growth after multiple IV injection. This demonstrates the potential of the rubber-like multivalent RNA nanoparticles to conquest the liver cancer, a currently incurable lethal disease.
Display omitted
•Rubber-like 6WJ RNA nanoparticle carries 24 PTX, one miR122 and one chemical ligand.•RNA nanoparticle displaying hepatocyte targeting ligand specifically target to tumor.•Co-delivery of PTX and miR-122 exhibit synergetic therapeutic effect to liver cancer.•The targeted RNA nanoparticles inhibited liver cancer growth in liver cancer xenograft.
Friction and wear tests of a piston ring against the cylinder of a marine diesel engine were conducted on a pin-on-disc tester. The vibration signals under different wear conditions were studied ...utilizing the discrete harmonic wavelet packet transform (DHWPT). It was shown that the weak friction-induced vibration signals could be extracted using the DHWPT. When the wear behavior is mild, the friction-induced vibration is linear. When the wear behavior is relatively severe, the friction-induced vibration changes from linear to nonlinear. When the wear behavior is more severe, the friction-induced vibration is nonlinear.
After the cataclysm of the Yangtze River in 1998, the State Council put forward the “thirty-six-word policy” for harnessing large rivers and lakes. Jianghan Plain is one of the main areas to get ...harnessed according to the policy. Based on the CAS land use databases of 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010, the spatial changes information of lakes in Jianghan Plain were captured and analyzed under the ARCGIS platform or by indexes of landscape ecology. The results show that: From 1995 to 2010, the area of lake wetlands has been grown constantly; Transitions from farmland and unused land to lake were dominant for the increase of lake area, while so were the transitions reversely; Lake wetlands were divided into two categories (lake and pond) to be analyzed according to the area of every lake wetland patch, lakes mainly increased in the area while ponds mainly increased in the number of patches. Ponds are not as curved as lakes in shape and more dispersed than lakes; Lakes became less curved and concentrated with the augment of the area of lake wetlands. The shape of pond wetlands changed little and its distribution became a little concentrated with the increasing number of pond wetlands. During the three five-year analyzed, the increase of wetlands of Jianghan Plain was notable during the period of from 2000 to 2005, though the area of wetlands increased during all the three periods.
The modern database has many precise and approximate counting requirements. Nevertheless, a solitary multidimensional index or cardinality estimator is insufficient to cater to the escalating demands ...across all counting scenarios. Such approaches are constrained either by query selectivity or by the compromise between query accuracy and efficiency. We propose CardIndex, a unified learned structure to solve the above problems. CardIndex serves as a versatile solution that not only functions as a multidimensional learned index for accurate counting but also doubles as an adaptive cardinality estimator, catering to varying counting scenarios with diverse requirements for precision and efficiency. Rigorous experimentation has showcased its superiority. Compared to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) autoregressive data-driven cardinality estimation baselines, our structure achieves training and updating times that are two orders of magnitude faster. Additionally, our CPU-based query estimation latency surpasses GPU-based baselines by two to three times. Notably, the estimation accuracy of low-selectivity queries is up to 314 times better than the current SOTA estimator. In terms of indexing tasks, the construction speed of our structure is two orders of magnitude faster than RSMI and 1.9 times faster than R-tree. Furthermore, it exhibits a point query processing speed that is 3%-17% times faster than RSMI and 1.07 to 2.75 times faster than R-tree and KDB-tree. Range queries under specific loads are 20% times faster than the SOTA indexes.
Quantitative measurement is one of the ultimate targets for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), but it suffers from difficulties in controlling the uniformity of hot spots and placing the ...target molecules in the hot spot space. Here, a convenient approach of three-phase equilibrium controlling the shrinkage of three-dimensional (3D) hot spot droplets has been demonstrated for the quantitative detection of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in serum using a handheld Raman spectrometer. Droplet shrinkage, triggered by the shaking of aqueous nanoparticle (NP) colloids with immiscible oil chloroform (CHCl3) after the addition of negative ions and acetone, not only brings the nanoparticles in close proximity but can also act as a microreactor to enhance the spatial enrichment capability of the analyte in plasmonic sites and thereby realize simultaneously controlling 3D hot spots and placing target molecules in hot spots. Moreover, the shrinking process of Ag colloid droplets has been investigated using a high-speed camera, an in situ transmission electron microscope (in situ TEM), and a dark-field microscope (DFM), demonstrating the high stability and uniformity of nanoparticles in droplets. The shrunk Ag NP droplets exhibit excellent SERS sensitivity and reproducibility for the quantitative analysis of 5-FU over a large range of 50–1000 ppb. Hence, it is promising for quantitative analysis of complex systems and long-term monitoring of bioreactions.
Sheath-run artificial muscles Mu, Jiuke; Jung de Andrade, Mônica; Fang, Shaoli ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
07/2019, Letnik:
365, Številka:
6449
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Although guest-filled carbon nanotube yarns provide record performance as torsional and tensile artificial muscles, they are expensive, and only part of the muscle effectively contributes to ...actuation. We describe a muscle type that provides higher performance, in which the guest that drives actuation is a sheath on a twisted or coiled core that can be an inexpensive yarn. This change from guest-filled to sheath-run artificial muscles increases the maximum work capacity by factors of 1.70 to 2.15 for tensile muscles driven electrothermally or by vapor absorption. A sheath-run electrochemical muscle generates 1.98 watts per gram of average contractile power-40 times that for human muscle and 9.0 times that of the highest power alternative electrochemical muscle. Theory predicts the observed performance advantages of sheath-run muscles.
Abstract
It is highly desired yet challenging to strategically steer carbon dioxide (CO
2
) electroreduction reaction (CO
2
ER) toward ethanol (EtOH) with high activity, which provides a promising ...way for intermittent renewable energy reservation. Controlling spatial distance between the adjoining active centers and promoting the CC coupling progress are crucial to realize this purpose. Herein, ultrathin 2D Cu
2‐x
Se is prepared with abundant Se vacancies, where the spatial distance between the CuCu around the Se vacancies is effectively shortened because of the lattice stress. Besides, the moderate spatial distance induced by Se vacancies can significantly decrease the Gibbs free energy of asymmetric *CO*CHO coupling progress, effectively change the local charge distribution, decrease the valence state of Cu atoms and increase the electron‐donating capacity of the dual active sites. Combining experimental observations and density functional theory simulations, the CuCu dual sites with spatial distance of 2.51 Å in V
Se
‐Cu
2‐x
Se sample can catalyze CO
2
ER to EtOH with high selectivity in a potential range from −0.4 to −1.6 V, and reach the highest faradaic efficiency of 68.1% at −0.8 V. This work reveals the influence of spacing effect on ethanol selectivity, and provides a new idea for future design of catalysts with chain elongation reaction, which can bring extensive attention.
Visual object tracking is an attractive issue in the field of computer vision. Recently, correlation filters (CF) based trackers formulate the training process by solving the regression in the ...Fourier domain and show a great efficiency for tracking task. However, its efficiency collapsed when the distracters appear in the background. To improve the robustness of these trackers, we propose a distracter-aware tracking method via correlation filter, which utilizes the positions of target center and distracters. Since most of CF based trackers directly use the Gaussian-shaped label map as the regression target, which may lead the discriminability of tracker reduced. Differing from previous work, we first use the response map of CF model to detect the information of distracters and then utilize these information to design a distracter-aware label map as the regression target for the training process. To further promote the robustness of the tracker, we design a re-detection scheme which uses positive and negative filters to refine the tracking results when the distracters appear. The proposed method not only detect and capture the discriminative information to learn a distracter-aware label map for the filter training, but also utilize these information to train the positive and negative filters for object re-detection, which enhances the robustness of the tracker. We evaluate our proposed method on both the standard OTB2013 and OTB2015 benchmarks, the experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Display omitted
•A novel hybrid aerogel-based fabric and its clothing with broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) management capabilities are fabricated.•The nanotape-enabled multi-crosslinked ...hybridization strategy gives the fabric superflexibility, hyperelasticity, and breathability.•The effectiveness of the clothing in the EMI shielding and IR thermal camouflage fields is demonstrated conceptually.
As problematic interference from electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in modern human life continues to increase, broadband EMW management aerogels have received extensive attention in the safety and thermal management fields, but the mismatch in terms of their mechanical flexibility and functionality has limited their application. This work reports an ultra-lightweight (8.7 mg cm−3), superflexible, hyperelastic (≥95% strain), and superhydrophobic (contact angle: 157°) wearable hybrid aerogel-based fabric that offers both electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) shielding functions. A nanotape-enabled multi-crosslinked hybridization strategy, in which freeze-drying-initiated hydrophobic -Si-O-Si- nanotape welds weak bacterial nanocellulose-silver nanowire interfaces perfectly, gives the fabric outstanding mechanical properties. Optimized synergy gain engineering between the metal and the semiconductor (antimony tin oxide nanoparticles) produces significant enhancements in the electrical conductivity (502.46 S m−1), the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE, 100 dB), and the IR shielding performance (ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.025 W m−1 K−1) of the fabric. The hybrid aerogel-based fabric is fabricated into broadband EMW management clothing, which has excellent prospects for safety and thermal management applications.
PDF
