Animals require rapid, long-range molecular signaling networks to integrate sensing and response throughout their bodies. The amino acid glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the ...vertebrate central nervous system, facilitating long-range information exchange via activation of glutamate receptor channels. Similarly, plants sense local signals, such as herbivore attack, and transmit this information throughout the plant body to rapidly activate defense responses in undamaged parts. Here we show that glutamate is a wound signal in plants. Ion channels of the
family act as sensors that convert this signal into an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration that propagates to distant organs, where defense responses are then induced.
Deep neural network models have achieved remarkable results in sentiment classification. Traditional feature-based methods perform slightly worse than deep learning methods in terms of classification ...accuracy, but they have their own advantages in interpretability and time complexity. To the best of our knowledge, few works study the ensemble of deep learning methods and traditional feature-based methods. Inspired by the methodology of three-way decisions, we proposed a three-way enhanced convolutional neural network model named 3W-CNN. 3W-CNN can be seen as an ensemble method which uses the enhance model to optimize convolutional neural networks (CNN). The enhance model is selected according to the classification accuracy and the difference in classification results compared to CNN. Support vector machine with naive bayes features (NB-SVM) is selected as the enhance model after comparing with several baseline models. However, the performance of NB-SVM is worse than CNN on most of benchmark datasets. To address this issue, we construct a component named confidence divider and design a confidence function to distinguish the classification quality of CNN. NB-SVM is further utilized to reclassify the predictions with weak confidence. The experimental results validated the effectiveness of 3W-CNN and showed three-way decisions could further improve the accuracy of sentiment classification.
To explore the extraction of computer image scene and target information, a nonlinear method based on big data technology is proposed. The method can decompose the computer image into a plurality of ...components when the SAR computer image is processed such as target extraction and computer image compression, which represent different captured image features, respectively. Selecting the most suitable processing method according to the characteristics of different components can greatly improve the performance. Using nonlinear diffusion method, the computer image is decomposed into structural components representing large-scale structural information and texture components representing small-scale detailed information, and the automatic threshold estimation in the diffusion process is studied. The LAIDA criterion is introduced into the automatic threshold solution of nonlinear diffusion-based computer image decomposition to test and evaluate the diffusion process of various diffusion parameter forms. The results show that the experimental outcome of the diffusion decomposition based on automatic threshold estimation is very close on each index, which shows that using automatic threshold estimation, no matter what diffusion index is used, very close results can be obtained. Specifically, for each algorithm, the parameter estimation threshold
for outliers plays an obvious role. The third is the degree of initiative of the estimation process. The larger the
, the larger the outlier, which will lead to a greater extent of the diffusion process, resulting in a continuous decrease in the structural similarity index and compositional correlation. It is proved that the algorithm has strong global search ability, can effectively avoid premature convergence, has fast convergence speed, and good long stability. It can be widely used for optimization of various multimodal functions.
MicroRNA (miRNA) detection is of considerable significance in both disease diagnosis and in the study of miRNA function. The importance of miRNA itself is due to the complicated regulatory functions ...it plays in various life processes and its close relationship with some diseases. Traditional methods for miRNA detection do not meet the current demands, so various novel methods have been developed with a special focus on sensitivity and specificity. Herein, we summarize and discuss the newly developed miRNA detection methods.
The large prevalence of school bullying and its adverse impacts have drawn strong societal interest. Abundant research has revealed that bullying victimisation and perpetration are harmful to ...children’s mental well-being. The negative effects could even persist in their adulthood. Hence, many school-based antibullying interventions were developed and evaluated. However, cases of school bullying are still constantly emerging nowadays. This paper aimed to delve into this issue by reviewing previous literature, describing the short-term and long-term impacts of school bullying, and evaluating anti-bullying interventions. The results demonstrated that bullying victimisation and perpetration predicted mental disorders in both childhood and adulthood. The whole-school intervention could effectively alleviate bullying victimisation, although had limited effects on reducing bullying perpetration. This paper systematically summarised key findings in the past 20 years on the topic of school bullying. The findings emphasized that the involvement of both schools and families, participation of a wide population, and specifically tailored interventions were essential to reduce bullying victimisation and perpetration.
This paper focuses on the German reception of Scottish moral philosophy in the eighteenth century. In contrast to German moral philosophy, which was combined with either metaphysics or theology, ...Scottish moral philosophy treated morality with the enquiry of human passion, desire, and feeling. In this context, German philosopher Christian Garve (1742–98) imported Scottish moral philosophy into Germany through his translations. However, the motivation behind Garve’s translation activity has seldom been discussed in modern research. This paper considers understanding why and how Garve performed his translation to be indispensable to understanding his conception of morality. Hence, this paper investigates Garve’s motive for translating Adam Ferguson’s Institutes of Moral Philosophy. Garve added to the translation his original comment that emphasized the pursuit of perfection as the main theme of moral philosophy. Garve demonstrated that the only way to achieve perfection was through self-thinking, and the pursuit of virtue was independent of theology since virtue must be something good in itself. This paper concludes that through translation, Garve conceived moral philosophy as a new mindset for the German public to cope with forthcoming economic and social challenges in the age of Enlightenment.
Exploring isotropic negative thermal expansion (NTE) compounds is interesting, but remains challenging. Here, a new concept of “average atomic volume” is proposed to find new NTE open-framework ...materials. According to this guidance, two NTE compounds, AgB(CN)4 and CuB(CN)4, have been discovered, of which AgB(CN)4 exhibits a large NTE over a wide temperature range (α v = −40 × 10–6 K–1, 100–600 K). The analysis by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and first-principles calculation indicate that (i) the NTE driving force comes from the transverse vibrations of bridge chain atoms of C and N, corresponding to the low-frequency phonon modes; and (ii) the same transverse vibration direction of C and N atoms is a key factor for the occurrence of strong NTE in AgB(CN)4. The present concept of “average atomic volume” can be a simple parameter to explore new NTE compounds especially in those open-framework materials.
p-Type semiconductors enable new opportunities for the development of photocatalysts. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could now be manufactured for a wide range of applications. The zeolitic ...imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), in particular, shows important desirable properties like good stability and a high surface area. Considering the p-type semiconducting intrinsic catalytic performance of CuBi2O4 (CBO) and the unique porous nanostructure and stability of ZIF-8, in this paper, we innovatively propose and investigate a new p-type semiconductor@MOFs (CBO@ZIF-8) material. Moreover, we focus on its application as a novel dual-function platform for simultaneous detection and degradation. The experimental results reveal that the platform is well suited for absorption, degradation, and fluorescent detection of certain targets. Using the contaminant, antibiotic tetracycline, as an example, the platform confirms excellent fluorescence sensing performance and good photodegradation properties under visible light. These results could aid the future design and implementation of novel and more sophisticated multifunction p-type semiconductor@MOFs platforms. The presented strategy represents the early stages of a future, genuine, general, multifunction platform.
Kinetic enhancement for capturing and storing harmful gases into hydrates simultaneously to achieve low energy penalties and environmental mitigations.
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•Kinetic surfactants accelerate ...gas captures in pore spaces.•Oscillated pressure controls are first proposed to enhance CO2 gas captures.•Enhanced gas capture processes change microstructural features.•The hydrate technology is a safely long-term storages of harmful gases.
The use of hydrate-based technology for gas capture and storage is highly attractive for environmental mitigation, as it entails low energy penalties and provides gas storage density maximization and long-term storage stability. Although this method has been investigated in extensive researches, its development is restricted by the obscure underlying gas capture micro-mechanisms, elusive micro-structures of stored forms, and insufficient hydrate film growth rates. In this study, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique was employed to analyze the hydrate growth micro-processes for greenhouse gas (imitated by CO2, CH4, and various fractions of CO2-CH4 mixed gases) and volatile organic compound (simulated by C2H4 and C2H2 gases) capture and storage. The hydrate film growth was enhanced with the addition of 288 ppm sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which significantly improved the hydrate growth in the cases of hydrocarbon gases, but not CO2 gas due to the competing adsorption of bicarbonate and dodecyl sulfate ions. With SDS, hydrocarbon gas hydrates grew via the patchy model at 65–105 mm/s, and 65–95% liquid water was converted into hydrates for gas capture and storage. However, only about 1.4% water was converted into CO2 hydrates with SDS, at 10.4 mm/s. Thus, a multi-pressure control mechanism for secondary hydrate growth was developed to promote CO2 capture and storage, based on a large amount of dissolved CO2 gas compared to the other investigated gases. The enhanced CO2 capture has important implications for the optimized harmful gas sequestration, due to preferentially patchy hydrate morphologies and associated impacts on permeability.
