This paper proposes a global cooperative control framework to address leader-follower consensus of constraints subsystems of industrial plants, in which each subsystem is modeled as an agent and all ...the subsystems and networks of information flow construct a multiagent system. The focus of this paper is to solve the global leader-follower consensus for multiagent systems with input saturation via low-high gain feedback approach and parametric algebraic Riccati equation approach, in which the feedback gain design is distributed and decoupled from network topologies. By introducing appropriate assumptions, a class of low-high gain feedback protocol is designed based on the states of local neighbors to reach the global stability. It is proved in the sense of Lyapunov that, if the dwell time is larger than a positive threshold, the global leader-follower consensus for the closed-loop linear multiagent systems with input saturation under the derived topology containing a directed spanning tree can be achieved. The results are further extended to leader-follower consensus for nonlinear multiagent systems with the design of nonlinear low-high gain feedback protocol. As industrial applications of the proposed low-high gain scheduling approaches, the controller design of vibration in mechanical systems and satellite formation systems are revisited. Numerical simulations with cooperative control of industries subsystems show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Traditional fault diagnosis and prognosis (FDP) approaches are based on periodic sampling, i.e., samples are taken and algorithms are executed both in a periodic manner. As the volume of sensor data ...and complexity of algorithms keep increasing, the bottleneck of FDP is mainly the limited computational resources, which is particularly true for distributed applications where FDP functions are deployed on microcontrollers and embedded systems with limited computation resources. This paper introduces the concept of Lebesgue sampling (LS) in FDP and proposes a LS-based FDP (LS-FDP) framework. In the proposed LS-FDP, a novel diagnostic philosophy of "execution only when necessary" is developed in computation cost reduction. For prognosis, different from traditional approaches in which the prognostic horizon is on the time axis, the proposed approach defines the prognostic horizon on the fault state axis. With a reduced prognostic horizon, the LS-FDP naturally benefits the uncertainty management. The goal of this paper is to create the fundamental knowledge for LS-FDP solutions that are cost efficient, capable for the deployment on systems with limited computation sources, and supportive to the trend of distributed FDP schemes in complex systems. The design and implementation of particle-filter-based LS-FDP are presented with experimental results on lithium-ion batteries to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Now, using a suture-button device to treat distal tibiofibular syndesmotic injuries is overwhelming due to its advantages over screw fixation. Current systematic review was conducted to make a ...comparison between suture-button fixation and traditionally screw fixation in the treatment of syndesmotic injuries. The outcomes included functional outcomes, implant removal, implant failure, malreduction, post-operative complications (except implant failure and malreduction), and cost-effectiveness aspects.
A literature search in the electronic databases of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science was conducted to identify studies until March 2017. The references of the included articles were also checked for potentially relevant studies. Only English articles were included. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines in this review.
Finally, 10 studies were identified, encompassing a total of 390 patients. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score (AOFAS) score of 150 patients treated with the suture-button device was 91.06 points, with an average follow-up of 17.58 months, and the mean AOFAS score of 150 patients treated with syndesmotic screws was 87.78 points, with an average follow-up of 17.73 months. Implant removal was reported in 5 of 134 (3.7%) patients treated with the suture-button device, and in 54 of 134 (40.2%) patients treated with the syndesmotic screw. No patient in the suture-button fixation group had implant failure, however the rate of implant failure in the screw fixation group was 30.9%. Malreduction was reported in 1 of 93 (1.0%) patients treated with the suture-button device, and in 12 of 95 (12.6%) patients treated with the syndesmotic screw. The rate of post-operative complications in the suture-button fixation group was 12.0% and 16.4% in the screw fixation group. There was only one publication demonstrated about cost-effectiveness aspects, it showed that patients treated with the suture-button device spent on average $1482 less and had a higher quality of life by 0.058 quality-adjusted life-year compared with patients who received fixation with 2 syndesmotic screws in supination-external rotation type 4 injuries.
Based on our research, though the suture-button fixation group had similar functional outcome (measured on the AOFAS score) and post-operative complication rate compared with the syndesmotic screw fixation group, the suture-button device could lead to better objective range of motion (ROM) measurements and earlier return to work. Besides, the suture-button fixation group had lower rate of implant removal, implant failure, and malreduction. However, high-quality randomized controlled trials with more uniformity in outcome reporting are desirable to determine the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of the suture-button device.
Transmembrane proteins must adopt proper topology to perform their functions. We previously demonstrated that ceramide regulates TM4SF20 (transmembrane 4 L6 family 20) by altering the topology of the ...transmembrane protein, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here we report that TM4SF20 is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with a cytosolic C terminus and a luminal loop before the last transmembrane helix where N132, N148, and N163 are glycosylated. In the absence of ceramide, the sequence surrounding glycosylated N163 but not N132 is retrotranslocated from lumen to cytosol independent of ER-associated degradation. Accompanying this retrotranslocation, the C terminus of the protein is relocated from cytosol to lumen. Ceramide delays the retrotranslocation process, causing accumulation of the protein that is originally synthesized. Our findings suggest that N-linked glycans, although synthesized in the lumens, may be exposed to cytosol through retrotranslocation, a reaction that may play a crucial role in topological regulation of transmembrane proteins.
Display omitted
•The topology of the transmembrane protein TM4SF20 is altered through retrotranslocation•The retrotranslocation process exposes an N-linked glycan to the cytosol•Cytosolic N-linked glycans can be detected by the PNGase F accessibility assay•Ceramide alters the topology of TM4SF20 by inhibiting its retrotranslocation
Wang et al. find that an N-linked glycan, although synthesized in the ER lumen, is exposed to the cytosol through retrotranslocation. They show that retrotranslocation is required for ceramide-mediated alteration of the topology of a transmembrane protein, TM4SF20.
Fibroblasts excessive proliferation was considered as a decisive reason for epidural fibrosis, which was known as a serious complication of lumbar laminectomy. As a traditional Chinese medicine, ...triptolide (TP) was used to be proved effective in preventing several fibrosis scar formation diseases. However, little is known about the effect of TP on preventing epidural fibrosis and its possible mechanism. Here, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to detect the possible mechanism of TP in preventing epidural fibrosis. In vitro, the effect of TP on impacting fibroblasts proliferation activities was detected by CCK-8, cell cycle assay and EdU incorporation assay. Also, the expressions of cell proliferation protein markers and the expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR were detect by Western blot. Besides, the effect of TP on inducing fibroblast apoptosis and autophagy was tested by Western blots, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis and LC3 immunofluorescent staining. The results suggested that TP could suppress the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, TP could inhibit fibroblast proliferation and induce fibroblast apoptosis as well as autophagy, which was known as two cellular self-destructions. Furthermore, we speculated the possible molecular pathway, through which that TP could inhibit fibroblast proliferation, induce fibroblast apoptosis and autophagy. We used PI3-kinase activator (740Y-P) to activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway increase the proliferation of fibroblasts and suppressed the autophagy and apoptosis induced by TP. In vivo, we built epidural fibrosis models in rats and locally applied TP of various concentrations. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome were used to detect the effect of TP on reducing epidural fibrosis. And the results showed that TP could significantly reduce the surgery-induced epidural fibrosis. In conclusion, the results above shown that TP could reduce epidural fibrosis formation, and the potential mechanism might through inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and stimulating apoptosis and autophagy via suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. It might provide a novel thought for reducing surgery-induced epidural fibrosis.
The problem concerning observer error linearization is to find a new state coordinate transformation (diffeomorphism) to transform the underlying nonlinear system into a Partial Observer Canonical ...Form (POCF). Since the complexity of the existing verification conditions associated with the existence of POCF, this paper develops a two-steps method for calculating POCF to simplify the verification conditions. This method also shows that POCF is equivalent to a compound diffeomorphism that consists of two coordinate transformations. One of them is a diffeomorphism which transforms the system into an observable canonical form based on maximum invariant distribution, and the other one is a diffeomorphism of transforming the observable subsystem into an observer linearization form. With the help of this method, a part of the original conditions are replaced by a group of new conditions that are easier to be verified, and another part of the original conditions are proved to be redundant and could not be verified anymore. At last, three examples are used to demonstrate the validity of this paper.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a differentiation disease caused by the genetic and epigenetic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. OS is a common, highly malignant tumor in children and ...adolescents. Fifteen to 20 % of the patients find distant metastases at their first visit. The purpose of our study was to identify biomarkers for tracking the prognosis and treatment of OS to improve the survival rate of patients.
In this study, which was based on Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), we searched for m6A related lncRNAs in OS. We constructed a network between lncRNA and m6A, and built an OS prognostic risk model.
We identified 14,581 lncRNAs by using the dataset from TARGET. We obtained 111 m6A-related lncRNAs through a Pearson correlation analysis. A network was built between lncRNA and m6A genes. Eight m6A-related lncRNAs associated with survival were identified through a univariate Cox analysis. A selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was used to construct a prognostic risk model with six genes (RP11-286E11.1, LINC01426, AC010127.3, DLGAP1-AS2, RP4-657D16.3, AC002398.11) obtained through least absolute shrinkage. We also discovered upregulated levels of DLGAP1-AS2 and m6A methylation in osteosarcoma tissues/cells compared with normal tissues/osteoblasts cells.
We constructed a risk score prognosis model of m6A-related lncRNAs (RP11-286E11.1, LINC01426, AC010127.3, DLGAP1-AS2, RP4-657D16.3, AC002398.11) using the dataset downloaded from TRAGET. We verified the value of the model by dividing all samples into test groups and training groups. However, the role of m6A-related lncRNAs in osteosarcoma needs to be further researched by cell and in vivo studies.
Abstract
We present observations of the rapid decay of a penumbral sector associated with a strong light bridge (LB) in the active region NOAA 12680 by analyzing the scattered light-corrected Solar ...Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager data. At the beginning of penumbral decay, some dark structures gradually broke away from the umbra to which they were attached. The intensity, vertical field strength, and magnetic inclination of the dark structures are intermediate between those of the umbra and penumbra. And a strong LB formed in the umbra, which originated from the intrusion of neighboring penumbral filaments. With the formation of an LB, the total magnetic flux in the whole penumbra decreased, and a penumbral sector of the sunspot rapidly disappeared on one side of the LB. After performing a partition analysis of the penumbra, it was found that the decay rate in this region of the penumbral sector is significantly accelerated after the appearance of an outward motion of magnetic flux along the LB. The area of this penumbral sector decreased from 21–16 MSH in 4 hr. The reduction in area in this penumbral sector is accompanied by a large decay rate of the magnetic flux, 2.5 × 10
19
Mx hr
−1
. These results suggest that the rapid decay of the penumbral sector is associated with the LB. The appearance of dark structures in the penumbra and the strong LB in the umbra may offer a hint that the origin of massive flux migration from the sunspot umbra may have accelerated the decay of the sunspot.
PDF
