The emergence of online education platforms, driven by interactive mobile technology, has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms and underscored the critical need for advanced ...analysis and improvement of student interactions. Effective analysis of student interaction is crucial for enhancing teaching quality and optimizing the learning experience in these digitally enriched environments. Traditional analysis frameworks often face challenges such as inaccuracies in anomaly detection and inefficiencies in data handling, particularly when handling extensive datasets typical of online platforms. This study introduces a novel approach to enhancing student interaction analysis systems by leveraging the synergy between machine learning and advanced interactive mobile technologies. Initially, the study proposes an advanced anomaly detection method tailored for identifying irregular student interactions. This method utilizes a blend of machine learning algorithms and the real-time data processing capabilities of mobile technology. Furthermore, to address the complexities of data transmission in mobile-based online education ecosystems, a state-ofthe- art congestion control algorithm has been developed. This algorithm optimizes data flow, significantly enhancing transmission stability and efficiency. The integration of interactive mobile technology with machine learning offers a robust and dynamic framework for analyzing student interactions, thereby facilitating a more engaging and effective online educational experience. This research contributes to the advancement of online education quality and efficiency by emphasizing the role of interactive mobile technology in shaping future learning environments.
Manganese oxides represent a class of promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their high energy density, safety, low cost, eco-friendliness and ...non-toxicity. However, manganese monooxide (MnO) is considered to be inactive for Zn2+ energy storage. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the possible application of commercial MnO microsized particles as cathodes for high performance ZIBs. It is interesting to note that electrochemical activation (or oxidation) is observed during the initial charging process, which leads to the formation of porous layered-type MnO2 nanosheets surrounding the MnO surface. As a result, the activated cathode could deliver a maximum specific capacity of 330 mAh g−1 in ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. In addition, the underlying energy storage mechanism is systematically investigated. The present work provides a new insight into the electrochemical activation strategy for developing advanced cathodes for high-performance zinc-ion batteries.
•Commercial MnO are demonstrated as promising cathodes of Zn-ion batteries.•MnO is activated by electrochemical oxidation to form MnO2 nanosheets.•The activated cathode delivers a specific capacity of 330 mAh g−1.•Mechanistic and kinetic analysis of the cathode is systematically investigated.
In present study, the feasibility of applying a natural adsorbent with Fe3+ modification (Fe3+-modified argillaceous limestone, FAL) on the competitive adsorption of heavy metals (i.e., Cd2+, Pb2+ ...and Ni2+) was evaluated. The current results revealed an efficient adsorption on Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ in mono-metal system. Further experiments demonstrated a high selectivity of Pb2+ during the competitive adsorption of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+. The adsorption selectivity of the metal ions followed the order of Pb ≫ Cd > Ni. In addition, both pH and ionic strength are important factors affecting the metal adsorptions. It is interestingly that various NOMs (i.e., humic acid (HA) and glycine (Gly)) exerted different effects on the adsorption behaviors, probably due to the different affinities for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ and the redistribution of newly-formed metal-DOM complexes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis revealed that the metal adsorptions were mainly regulated via the synergistic mechanisms of ion exchange by Na+, Ca2+, and Al3+, precipitation to form CdCO3 and Pb2(OH)2(CO3)2, as well as complexes of FAL-OPb and FAL-ONi by hydroxyl groups on the surface of FAL. The application of FAL would be a promising option in leading to an efficient heavy metal removal.
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•Fe3+-modified argillaceous limestone showed effective adsorption of Cd2+/Pb2+/Ni2+.•The adsorption selectivity of the metals followed the order of Pb ≫ Cd > Ni.•Both pH and ionic strength played key roles in metal adsorption.•Humic acid and glycine exerted distinct effects on adsorption behaviors of metals.•Mechanisms of metal adsorption were ion exchange, precipitation and complexation.
Strategies for reducing cadmium (Cd) content in polluted farmland soils are currently limited. A type of composite with nanoparticles incorporated into a hydrogel have been developed to efficiently ...remove heavy metals from sewage, but their application in soils faces challenges, such as organic hydrogel degradation due to oxygen exposure and slow Cd2+ release from soil constituents. To overcome these challenges, a composite with superior stability for long-term application in soil is required. In this study, ferrous sulfide (FeS) nanoparticle@lignin hydrogel composites were developed. The lignin-based hydrogels inherited lignin’s natural mechanical and environmental stability and the FeS nanoparticles efficiently adsorbed Cd2+ and enhanced Cd2+ desorption from soils by producing H+. The high sorption capacity (833.3 g kg−1) of the composite was attributed to four proposed mechanisms, including cadmium sulfide (CdS) precipitation via chemical reaction (84.06%), lignin complexation (13.19%), hydrogel swelling (0.61%), and nanoparticle sorption (2.15%). In addition, Fe2+ displaced from the composite was gradually oxidized to form solid iron oxide hydroxide, which increased Cd2+ sorption. The composite significantly reduced the total, surfactant-soluble, and fixed Cd in heavily and lightly polluted paddy soils by 22.4–49.6%, 13.5–68.6%, and 40.1–16.6%, respectively, in 7 days.
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•The synthesized nFeS@lh reduced soil total and stable Cd by 16.6–49.6% in 7 days.•Lignin hydrogel realized the efficient dispersion and recovery of FeS nanoparticles.•The nFeS@lh had a high Cd sorption capacity (833.3 g kg−1) and mechanical strength.•The relative contributions of four sorption mechanisms were quantitively evaluated.
This meta-analysis focused on systematically assessing the clinical value of mNGS for infection in hematology patients.
We searched for studies that assessed the clinical value of mNGS for infection ...in hematology patients published in Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI from inception to August 30, 2023. We compared the detection positive rate of pathogen for mNGS and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs). The diagnostic metrics, antibiotic adjustment rate and treatment effective rate were combined.
Twenty-two studies with 2325 patients were included. The positive rate of mNGS was higher than that of CMT (blood: 71.64% vs. 24.82%, P < 0.001; BALF: 89.86% vs. 20.78%, P < 0.001; mixed specimens: 82.02% vs. 28.12%, P < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95%CI: 81-91%) and 59% (95%CI: 43-72%), respectively. The reference standard/neutropenia and research type/reference standard may be sources of heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The pooled antibiotic adjustment rate according to mNGS was 49.6% (95% CI: 41.8-57.4%), and the pooled effective rate was 80.9% (95% CI: 62.4-99.3%).
mNGS has high positive detection rates in hematology patients. mNGS can guide clinical antibiotic adjustments and improve prognosis, especially in China.
During October-December 2016, the number of norovirus outbreaks in China increased sharply from the same period during the previous 4 years. We identified a recombinant norovirus strain, ...GII.P16-GII.2, as the cause of 44 (79%) of the 56 outbreaks, signaling that this strain could replace the predominant GII.4 viruses.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a gynecological malignant tumor characterized by high incidence. EC occurrence and development are regulated by numerous molecules and signal pathways. There is a need to ...explore key regulatory molecules to identify potential therapeutic targets to reduce the incidence of EC. Treatment by targeting a single molecule is characterized by poor efficacy owing to the development of resistance and significant side effects. The current study explored potential candidates in EC by integrating bioinformatics analysis and in vivo and in vitro experimental validation to circumvent the limitation of low efficacy of currently used molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations provide details at the molecular level of intermolecular regulation. In the current study, MLLT11 and TRIL were identified as important regulatory molecules in EC. The two molecules formed a heteromultimer by binding to AKT protein, which induced its phosphorylation of threonine at position 308. Ultimately, the complex stimulates PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, a pivotal pathway in tumors. The findings of the current study show a novel complex, MLLT11-TRIL, which can act as AKT protein agonist, thus inducing activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Targeting MLLT11 and TRIL simultaneously, or blocking the formation of the MLLT11-TRIL complex, can abrogate progression of EC.
The use of the dual recombinase-mediated intersectional genetic approach involving Cre-loxP and Dre-rox has significantly enhanced the precision of in vivo lineage tracing, as well as gene ...manipulation. However, this approach is limited by the small number of Dre recombinase driver constructs available. Here, we developed more than 70 new intersectional drivers to better target diverse cell lineages. To highlight their applicability, we used these new tools to study the in vivo adipogenic fate of perivascular progenitors, which revealed that PDGFRa+ but not PDGFRa–PDGFRb+ perivascular cells are the endogenous progenitors of adult adipocytes. In addition to lineage tracing, we used members of this new suite of drivers to more specifically knock out genes in complex tissues, such as white adipocytes and lymphatic vessels, that heretofore cannot be selectively targeted by conventional Cre drivers alone. In summary, these new transgenic tools expand the intersectional genetic approach while enhancing its precision.
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•More than 70 new Dre driver lines are provided as a resource for intersectional genetics•PDGFRa+PDGFRb+ or PDGFRa+ perivascular cells contribute to de novo adipocytes•“Exclusion” dual recombinase enables gene deletion in white but not brown adipocytes•Sequential dual recombinase enables gene deletion in lymphatic endothelial cells
The combinatory use of Dre and Cre recombinase-mediated intersectional genetics significantly enhances the precision of in vivo lineage tracing and gene targeting. Han et al. developed more than 70 new intersectional drivers to target diverse cell lineages. Highlighting their application, Han et al. used these new tools to study perivascular progenitors of adipocytes and performed gene knockout in white adipocytes (WAs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs).
Avian leukemia virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) can be vertically transmitted; however, the pathogenicity of vertically transmitted coinfection with these 2 ...pathogens has not been studied. In this study, we created a model of chick morbidity in which chicks carried either ALV-J, CIAV, or both viruses via embryo inoculation. Thereafter, we analyzed the effects of vertically transmitted coinfection with CIAV and ALV-J on the pathogenicity of ALV-J and performed a purification assay based on hatching, mortality viremia positivity, and detection of fecal ALV-p27 antigen rates, and body weight. The hatching rate of the ALV-J+CIAV group was 68.57%, lower than those of the single infection and control groups. The survival curve showed that the mortality rates of the CIAV and ALV-J coinfection groups were higher than those of the single infection and control groups. Body weight statistics showed that coinfection aggravated the 7-d growth inhibition effect. The results of ALV-p27 antigen detection in cell culture supernatants showed that the positivity rates of the ALV-J and ALV-J+CIAV groups were 100% at all ages and 0% in the control group. The results of ALV-p27 antigen detection by anal swabs showed that the positivity rates of the ALV-J group were 92.86, 90.90, 88.89, and 93.33% at all ages, and that the ALV-J p27 positivity detection rate of anal swabs was lower than that of plasma virus isolation. The immune organ index of the ALV-J+CIAV group was significantly or very significantly lower than those of the single infection and control groups. The immune organ viral load showed that coinfection with CIAV and ALV-J promoted the proliferation of ALV-J and CIAV in immune organs. Coinfection with ALV-J and CIAV reduced chicken embryo hatchability and increased chick mortality and growth inhibition relative to their respective single infections. Additionally, coinfection with ALV-J + CIAV was even more detrimental in inducing immune organ atrophy (e.g., the thymus, spleen, and bursa), and promoted individual virus replication during coinfection.
Introduction Representations in working memory can affect distractor suppression in human visual search, and this process is modulated by a separate top-down cognitive control. An increasing body of ...research has demonstrated that patients with substance use disorder (SUD) have deficits in cognitive control over filtering interference by perceptual distractors. However, their ability to resist proactive interference from working memory has received comparatively less attention. Methods Here, we investigate this issue by employing a working memory/visual search dual-task paradigm. An intervening gap-location search task was instructed to be performed while participants memorized a written color word, with congruent auditory information present during the memory encoding phase on half of the trials. Results Results showed that there was a reliable response time (RT) advantage when the meaning of the memory sample agreed with the color of one of the distractors under the visual alone condition. However, such a result was only found in the control group. More importantly, both groups exhibited comparable facilitation under the audiovisual condition, with the facilitation effect appearing later in the SUD group. Furthermore, the facilitation effect was superior in magnitude and time course under the audiovisual condition to the visual alone condition. Discussion These findings highlight how patients with SUD resist distractor interference at the memory level and extend our understanding of how working memory, selective attention, and audiovisual enhancement interact to optimize perceptual decisions in patients with SUD.
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