Purpose: Heat shock protein 90alpha (HSP90alpha) is highly expressed in tumors, and predicts tumor progression. This study analyzed the correlation between the expression level of HSP90alpha in the ...serum and the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and methods: The medical records of patients with 228 lung adenocarcinoma from September 2015 to December 2021 were analyzed. HSP90alpha expression in the patients' serum was detected by ELISA and the cut-off value (93.76 ng/mL) was determined according to the ROC curve, then the patients were divided into high- and low-level groups. The differences in the medical records of the two groups were compared using the X.sup.2 test, and Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that serum HSP90alpha level were independent risk factors for both PFS and OS (P < 0.05). Results: HSP90alpha was positively correlated with TNM staging (P < 0.01) by One-way analysis of variance. The results of the correlation analysis and the Kaplan--Meier survival curve showed that the expression levels of HSP90alpha and CEA of patients were positively correlated (R=0.54, P < 0.001), and patients with high HSP90alpha and CEA levels had the worst OS (P < 0.001). Conclusion: HSP90alpha expression is negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and is a potential prognostic marker. Keywords: heat shock protein 90alpha, lung adenocarcinoma, prognosis, CEA
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the causal effects and pathways from body components to extensive metabolic phenotypes.
Methods
Summarized data including 24 metabolic phenotypes from ...10 consortiums were used to perform univariate, multivariable, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis based on the network design.
Results
For metabolically related biomarkers, a 1‐SD increase in body fat mass (BFM) was robustly associated with increased fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and urate and decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. For metabolically related diseases, the odds ratios and 95% CIs of a 1‐SD increase in BFM were 1.76 (1.37 to 2.25) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) for hypertension, 1.40 (1.25 to 1.57) for coronary artery disease, 1.41 (1.25 to 1.59) for myocardial infarction, 1.25 (1.12 to 1.40) for ischemic stroke, and 1.62 (1.02 to 2.57) for gout. The effects of body fat on diseases were mediated by extensive intermediate biomarkers, including blood pressure, lipids, glycemic traits, and urate. Regional fats had a similar effect with body fat in both absolute and relative scales, whereas fat‐free components increased only the risk of T2DM 1.73 (1.11 to 2.68) and chronic kidney disease 1.51 (1.11 to 2.06).
Conclusions
Several potential pathways were found and confirmed the tremendous benefits of fat‐lowering measures, including lowering of various regional fats. Future policies or interventions should focus more on the role of body fat.
Most recent research about automatic music transcription (AMT) uses convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks to model the mapping from music signals to symbolic notation. Based on ...a high-resolution piano transcription system, we explore the possibility of incorporating another powerful sequence transformation tool-the Transformer-to deal with the AMT problem. We argue that the properties of the Transformer make it more suitable for certain AMT subtasks. We confirm the Transformer's superiority on the velocity detection task by experiments on the MAESTRO dataset and a cross-dataset evaluation on the MAPS dataset. We observe a performance improvement on both frame-level and note-level metrics after introducing the Transformer network.
Previous studies have demonstrated that excretion of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different nephron segments differs between kidney stone formers and non-stone formers (NSFs), and could ...reflect pathogenic mechanisms of urinary stone disease. In this study we quantified selected populations of specific urinary EVs carrying protein markers of immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology in calcium oxalate stone formers (CSFs) compared to non-stone formers (NSFs).
Biobanked urine samples from CSFs (n = 24) undergoing stone removal surgery and age- and sex- matched NSFs (n = 21) were studied. Urinary EVs carrying proteins related to renal calcium/phosphorus physiology (phosphorus transporters (PiT1 and PiT2), Klotho, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23); markers associated with EV generation (anoctamin-4 (ANO4) and Huntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1)), and markers shed from activated immune cells were quantified by standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry.
Urine excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, and calcium oxalate supersaturation (SS) were significantly higher in CSFs compared to NSFs (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of EVs with markers of total leukocytes (CD45), neutrophils (CD15), macrophages (CD68), Klotho, FGF23, PiT1, PiT2, and ANO4 were each markedly lower in CSFs than NSFs (P < 0.05) whereas excretion of those with markers of monocytes (CD14), T-Lymphocytes (CD3), B-Lymphocytes (CD19), plasma cells (CD138 plus CD319 positive) were not different between the groups. Urinary excretion of EVs expressing PiT1 and PiT2 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with urinary phosphorus excretion, whereas excretion of EVs expressing FGF23 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with both urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. Urinary EVs with markers of HIP1 and ANO4 correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with clinical stone events and basement membrane calcifications on papillary tip biopsies.
Urinary excretion of EVs derived from specific types of activated immune cells and EVs with proteins related to calcium/phosphorus regulation differed between CSFs and NSFs. Further validation of these and other populations of urinary EVs in larger cohort could identify biomarkers that elucidate novel pathogenic mechanisms of calcium stone formation in specific subsets of patients.
Objective: The morphological and hemodynamic characterization of the microvascular network around the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be of significant clinical value for the early diagnosis and ...treatment of GI tract cancer. Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) imaging has been demonstrated to be capable of resolving the microvascular network. However, the endoscopic application of ULM imaging techniques is still unknown. In this study, an endoscopic ultrasound localization microscopy (e-ULM) imaging technique was developed to evaluate the changes of microvasculature during GI tract tumor growth. Methods: A customized circular array transducer (center frequency: 6.8 MHz) and the coherent diverging wave compounding method were used to generate B-mode images. Spatiotemporal singular value decomposition processing was used to eliminate the background signals before signal localizations. The centroids of spatially isolated signals were localized and summed to generate the final super-resolution image. Results: The final microvasculature map of a rabbit GI tract tumor reveals that e-ULM can be used to surpass the diffraction limit in traditional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) imaging. Furthermore, it is observed that data from different stages of tumor growth exhibit significant differences in microvascular pattern and density. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the implementation and application of an in vivo e-ULM imaging technique for the evaluation of the microvasculature of GI tumors. Significance: The efficient e-ULM imaging technique shows potential for use in the detection of GI tract tumor microcirculation changes and subsequent diagnosis of GI tract cancer.
Aging-related cognitive decline is associated with brain structural changes and synaptic loss. However, the molecular mechanisms of cognitive decline during normal aging remain elusive.
Using the ...GTEx transcriptomic data from 13 brain regions, we identified aging-associated molecular alterations and cell-type compositions in males and females. We further constructed gene co-expression networks and identified aging-associated modules and key regulators shared by both sexes or specific to males or females. A few brain regions such as the hippocampus and the hypothalamus show specific vulnerability in males, while the cerebellar hemisphere and the anterior cingulate cortex regions manifest greater vulnerability in females than in males. Immune response genes are positively correlated with age, whereas those involved in neurogenesis are negatively correlated with age. Aging-associated genes identified in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex are significantly enriched for gene signatures implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In the hippocampus, a male-specific co-expression module is driven by key synaptic signaling regulators including
,
,
and
; while in the cortex, a female-specific module is associated with neuron projection morphogenesis, which is driven by key regulators including
,
and
. In the cerebellar hemisphere, a myelination-associated module shared by males and females is driven by key regulators such as
,
,
,
,
and
, which have been implicated in the development of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
This integrative network biology study systematically identifies molecular signatures and networks underlying brain regional vulnerability to aging in males and females. The findings pave the way for understanding the molecular mechanisms of gender differences in developing neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
In order to effectively inhibit the explosion of titanium powder, this study used the Hartmann tube experimental system and the 20 L explosion tank experimental system to carry out flame propagation ...and explosion overpressure experiments, respectively, and the effect of NH
4
H
2
PO
4
on the explosion suppression of titanium powder was studied. The results show that when the addition of NH
4
H
2
PO
4
powder is 50%, the flame propagation velocity and explosion pressure can be reduced to the minimum, and the explosion pressure can be basically suppressed. Finally, the inhibition mechanism of NH
4
H
2
PO
4
on the explosion of titanium powder was analyzed. The endothermic decomposition of NH
4
H
2
PO
4
absorbed the energy needed by the explosion of titanium powder. Oxides produced by the decomposition of NH
4
H
2
PO
4
powder cover the surface of titanium powder, increase the thickness of the oxide film, and play a role of heat insulation; the gaseous water produced by the decomposition of NH
4
H
2
PO
4
powder reduces the concentration of oxygen in the air and increases the difficulty of the explosion reaction. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
powder traps the free radicals needed for the explosion to block the chain reaction.
In the Jiaoshiba block of the Fuling shale gas field, the employed reserves and recovery factor by primary well pattern are low, no obvious barrier is found in the development layer series, and ...layered development is difficult. Based on the understanding of the main factors controlling shale gas enrichment and high production, the theory and technology of shale gas three-dimensional development, such as fine description and modeling of shale gas reservoir, optimization of three-dimensional development strategy, highly efficient drilling with dense well pattern, precision fracturing and real-time control, are discussed. Three-dimensional development refers to the application of optimal and fast drilling and volume fracturing technologies, depending upon the sedimentary characteristics, reservoir characteristics and sweet spot distribution of shale gas, to form “artificial gas reservoir” in a multidimensional space, so as to maximize the employed reserves, recovery factor and yield rate of shale gas development. In the research on shale gas three-dimensional development, the geological + engineering sweet spot description is fundamental, the collaborative optimization of natural fractures and artificial fractures is critical, and the improvement of speed and efficiency in drilling and fracturing engineering is the guarantee. Through the implementation of three-dimensional development, the overall recovery factor in the Jiaoshiba block has increased from 12.6% to 23.3%, providing an important support for the continuous and stable production of the Fuling shale gas field.
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