PurposeThe role of energy or emission intensive firms face contradictory demands from advancing economic development and environmental improvement and protection and thus require appropriate policy ...interventions to balance the two needs. China's “Green Credit” policy that restricts loans to energy or emission intensive firms provides an example to study the impact of these kinds of policy intervention.Design/methodology/approachUsing the data of all A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, our paper empirically analyzes the impact of the Green Credit Policy on performance of these energy or emission intensive firms.Findings(1) Using difference-in-difference (DID) and propensity score matching (PSM)-DID method and the dynamic effect method, we found that from 2012 to 2015, the Green Credit Policy had an inhibiting effect on the performance of energy or emission intensive firms. This inhibiting effect was gradually weakened in 2016, and it turned into a positive promoting effect in 2017; (2) The performance's change of these firms around 2015 showed that Green Credit promoted the green transformation and upgrading of these firms; (3) Loans were helpful to the performance of energy or emission intensive firms to some extent, but government subsidies were not significant.Originality/valueThe results suggest that the government, banks and other institutions should dynamically assess the implementation results of the Green Credit Policy on energy or emission intensive firms.
Aim
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two major limiting factors in terrestrial ecosystems. Excessive N applications alter ecosystem functions by causing nutrient imbalances with P. Yet, little is ...known about why and how the balance between N and P regulates soil multifunctionality –the simultaneous provision of multiple soil functions–.
Methods
We explored how P additions regulated the responses of soil multifunctionality to different levels of N fertilization (10, 20, 40 g N m
−2
yr
−1
) using a mesocosm experiment in a temperate grassland in China.
Results
Nitrogen alone and P addition increased multifunctionality at rate of ≤10 and 20 g N m
−2
yr
−1
, respectively. However, the magnitude of positive effects decreased with N additions over this level. P additions increased multifunctionality resistance to N at low rate of ≤10 g m
−2
yr
−1
compared to higher N levels. Soil N:P stoichiometry and plant diversity played dominant roles in regulating soil multifunctionality.
Conclusions
We found that a balanced combination of N and P additions (20:10) can help maintain the highest multifunctionality in this temperate grassland. The results provide new insights that through P addition, we could better manage soil multifunctionality and increase its resistance to expected fertilization scenarios (≤ 10 g m
−2
yr
−1
).
The separation of light olefins from paraffins by a silver-loaded facilitated transport membrane has received wide attention in recent years. However, the undesirable instability of carriers Ag+ has ...consistently restricted its further application. In this work, a silver-loaded facilitated transport membrane is developed by interfacial polymerization on PDMS/PSF support. A part of Ag+ in the prepared membrane is presented as silver(I)-polyetheramine (Ag(I)-PEA) complexes that can effectively enhance the stability of Ag+. To eliminate nonselective voids and bring more carriers (Ag+), secondary aqueous phase treatment was conducted. And the effect of PEA and TMC concentrations, ratio of PEA to AgNO3, as well as secondary aqueous phase treatment on the gas transport is systematically investigated. The results show that the facilitated transport of Ag+ to C3H6 can offset the increase in diffusion resistance induced by the incremental membrane thickness and cross-linking degree as well as the additional AgCl particles on the membrane. Finally, the optimum C3H6/C3H8 selectivity of the silver-loaded membrane is trebled over the membrane without silver. Remarkably, the TMC0.6%-PEA10%(AgNO3)10:9-2/PDMS/PSF membranes show great long-term stability of about 29 days. In this work, both monomer synthesis and preparation methods are facile and versatile, presenting a promising strategy for the preparation of silver-loaded membranes with a long-term separation property.
Abstract The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy poses significant challenges to the safety and stability of distribution system, rendering the renewable energy hosting capacity of ...distribution networks a major concern. To effectively evaluate the renewable energy hosting capacity in distribution networks, this paper introduces a comprehensive hosting capacity assessment model considering various safety and stability constraints. Given the numerous non‐linear constraints inherent in the hosting capacity assessment model for distribution networks, a multi‐strategy improved Whale Optimization Algorithm is proposed. Improvements are made to the population initialization and population position update strategies, and a mutation strategy is introduced to prevent premature convergence, thereby enhancing the algorithm's performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the method is validated through the utilization of three distribution systems. Moreover, the key factors that restrict the improvement of hosting capacity are revealed from the perspective of distribution network topology.
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•SPS can be used as a medium to prepare T.viride spheres.•SPS-T.viride has positive charges and can selectively adsorb anions.•SPS-T.viride showed high uptake of phosphate (126.65 mg ...P/g)•Regeneration of up to 70% after undergoing 10 consecutive cycles.
Effectively recovering local waste and utilizing it as adsorbents to absorb phosphate is crucial for resource utilization and mitigating water eutrophication. In this study, we successfully prepared SPS-Trichoderma viride spheres adsorbent (SPS-T.viride) using spent Phellinus igniarius substrate (SPS) at 25 °C and pH = 6. The maximum surface area of SPS (185.22 m2/g) SPS-T.viride obtained the highest P adsorption (126.65 mg P/g) at a dosing ratio of 30 g/L, which was 4–9 times higher than the adsorption capacity of other mycobacterial materials, which was caused by synergistic interactions between chemical and physical processes in the adsorption mechanism of phosphates. Remarkably, SPS-T.viride composite spheres demonstrate notable adsorption efficiency across diverse pollutants, particularly showing selective affinity for anionic pollutants. The practical applicability of SPS-T.viride composite spheres was assessed using real sewage samples, achieving an impressive removal rate of over 80 % under dynamic flow conditions. This approach highlights the potential of biosorbents in addressing environmental challenges while achieving sustainability and renewability.
INTRODUCTION: Although anecdotal evidence points to high levels of stress among neurosurgeons and trainees, there is little systematic research documenting the nature of stress in detail. METHODS: We ...conducted a detailed survey of neurosurgeons and trainees, obtaining 22/26 responses (85% response rate) with 2 responses removed for missingness. Participants were purposefully sampled from two academic center neurosurgery programs. RESULTS: Participants reported more high-arousal negative emotions (particularly frustration and anxiety) than low-arousal negative emotions (e.g., helplessness, discouragement), suggesting relatively high levels of motivation. Within training levels, sources of stress varied considerably, suggesting the need for tailored approaches to stress management. Attendings reported quite a lot of stress from patient expectations and administrative constraints, whereas trainees focused more on teamwork and difficult patients. A focus on processes and specific mechanisms of problems at work was associated with more high-arousal emotions, whereas a focus on outcomes was associated with low-arousal emotions; this pattern is consistent with prior research on other populations. As expected, residents were most likely to use coping strategies that reflected a lack of control over one’s schedule (e.g., immersing oneself in work) whereas attendings were most likely to use healthy strategies, particularly physical exercise. Only one of the 20 participants reported seeking professional support due to stress; residents were most likely to attribute this to a lack of time or resources but most participants did not feel a need to seek professional help. Attendings were least likely to report ideas for what education or training they could have benefited from to better cope with stress. CONCLUSIONS: This work points to key ways dealing with failure and stress contributes to individual well-being as well as neurosurgical culture.
Objective
To developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics nomogram to identify adenocarcinoma at the cervix-corpus junction originating from the endometrium or cervix in order to better ...guide clinical treatment.
Methods
Between February 2011 and September 2021, the clinicopathological data and MRI in 143 patients with histopathologically confirmed cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC,
n
= 86) and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC,
n
= 57) were retrospectively analyzed at the cervix-corpus junction. Radiomics features were extracted from fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and delayed phase contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) sequences. A radiomics nomogram was developed integrating radscore with independent clinical risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the radscore, nomogram and two different experienced radiologists in differentiating CAC from EAC at the cervix-corpus junction, and Delong test was applied to compare the differences of their diagnostic performance.
Results
In the training cohort, the AUC was 0.93 for radscore; 0.97 for radiomics nomograms; 0.85 and 0.86 for radiologists 1 and 2, respectively. Delong test showed that the differential efficacy of nomogram was significant better than those of radiologists in the training cohort (both
P
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The nomogram based on radscore and clinical risk factors could better differentiate CAC from EAC at the cervix-corpus junction than radiologists, and preoperatively and non-invasively identify the origin of adenocarcinoma at the cervix-corpus junction, which facilitates clinicians to make individualized treatment decision.
Graphical abstract
•Materials embodied in global trade and investments account for 40% of world's total material extraction.•Fixed capital formation accounts for over half of the increase in global total material ...footprints.•Countries are heterogeneous in terms of material footprints by GVC routes, final demand types and material footprints balance.•The South-South material flows have experienced rapid increase.
The world has witnessed an unprecedented growth in extraction of materials and natural resources in the past few decades. The emerging of multinational enterprises has dramatically challenged the understanding of materials along Global Value Chains. To have a full picture of world material footprints, it is essential to understand to what extent materials are re-distributed by trade and investments. This study employs an Environmental-Extended multi-regional Input-Output approach with explicit consideration on multinational enterprises to trace the embodied material flows along Global Value Chains. The results show that both the outsourcing and offshoring of production by trade and the overseas investments by multinational enterprises contribute to the surging material extraction in developing countries. The results also highlight the role of fixed capital formation in driving the increase of the material footprints. The sustainable development goals call for collaboration of all nations with more focuses on the role of multinational enterprises.
Abstract
Antibody therapies have become an important class of therapeutics in recent years as they have exhibited outstanding efficacy and safety in the treatment of several major diseases including ...cancers, immune-related diseases, infectious disease and hematological disease. There has been significant progress in the global research and development landscape of antibody therapies in the past decade. In this review, we have collected available data from the Umabs Antibody Therapies Database (Umabs-DB, https://umabs.com) as of 30 June 2022. The Umabs-DB shows that 162 antibody therapies have been approved by at least one regulatory agency in the world, including 122 approvals in the US, followed by 114 in Europe, 82 in Japan and 73 in China, whereas biosimilar, diagnostic and veterinary antibodies are not included in our statistics. Although the US and Europe have been at the leading position for decades, rapid advancement has been witnessed in Japan and China in the past decade. The approved antibody therapies include 115 canonical antibodies, 14 antibody-drug conjugates, 7 bispecific antibodies, 8 antibody fragments, 3 radiolabeled antibodies, 1 antibody-conjugate immunotoxin, 2 immunoconjugates and 12 Fc-Fusion proteins. They have been developed against 91 drug targets, of which PD-1 is the most popular, with 14 approved antibody-based blockades for cancer treatment in the world. This review outlined the global landscape of the approved antibody therapies with respect to the regulation agencies, therapeutic targets and indications, aiming to provide an insight into the trends of the global development of antibody therapies.
Inculcating the capacity to adapt successfully to failures is essential for talent development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Despite its importance, this ...capacity to learn from failure is among the least understood processes in the field of talent development. This study aims to investigate how students conceptualize and react to failures and whether there is a correlation between students’ conceptualizations of failure, emotional reactions to it, and academic performance. We invited 150 high‐achieving high school students to share, interpret, and label their most memorable struggles in their STEM classes. Most of their struggles focused on the learning process itself, such as poor understanding of the subject matter, insufficient motivation or effort, or adopting ineffective learning strategies. Poor performance outcomes, such as poor test scores and bad grades, were not mentioned as frequently as the learning process. Students who labeled their struggle experiences as failures tended to focus more on performance outcomes, whereas students who labeled their struggle experiences as neither failures nor successes focused more on the learning process. Higher‐achieving students were also less likely to label their struggles as failures than less‐high achievers. Implications for classroom instruction are discussed with a particular focus on talent development in STEM fields.
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