Tibetan sheep can utilize high fiber feeds well. However, the mechanisms of rumen microbiota and metabolites in response to different roughage in a housed environment are still unclear. We fed ...Tibetan sheep with three different roughage diets: 50% whole corn silage (TS), 50% wheatgrass group (TW), and 25% each of whole corn silage and wheatgrass (TM). Subsequently, meat traits, rumen contents 16S rRNA and metabolomics were studied. The results showed that feeding wheat straw to Tibetan sheep significantly increased the abundance of bacteria such as
Ruminococcus
and
Succiniclasticum
in the rumen. These microorganisms significantly increased metabolites such as beta-alanyl-L-lysine, butanoic acid and prostaglandin E2. Eventually, production performance, such as carcass weight and intramuscular fat and meat quality characteristics, such as color and tenderness were improved by altering the rumen’s amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study demonstrated that including 25% wheatgrass and 25% whole corn silage in the diet improved the performance of Tibetan sheep, revealing the effect of the diet on the performance of Tibetan sheep through rumen microorganisms and metabolites.
Although numerous studies on bacterial biogeographic patterns in dryland have been conducted, bacterial community assembly across arid inland river basins is unclear. Here, we assessed the ecological ...drivers that regulate the assembly processes of abundant (ABS) and rare (RBS) bacterial subcommunities based on 162 soil samples collected in an arid inland river basin of China. The results showed that: (1) ABS exhibited a steeper distance–decay slope, and were more strongly affected by dispersal limitation (75.5% and 84.5%), than RBS in surface and subsurface soil. RBS were predominantly controlled by variable selection (54.6% and 50.2%). (2) Soil electric conductivity played a decisive role in mediating the balance between deterministic and stochastic processes of ABS and RBS in surface soil, increasing soil electric conductivity increased the importance of deterministic process. For subsurface soil, soil available phosphorus (SAP) and soil pH drove the balance in the assembly processes of ABS and RBS, respectively. The RBS shifted from determinism to stochasticity with decreased pH, while the dominance of deterministic processes was higher in low-SAP sites. (3) Groundwater depth seasonality had substantial effects on the assembly processes of ABS and RBS, but groundwater depth seasonality affected them indirectly mainly by regulating soil properties. Collectively, our study provides robust evidence that groundwater-driven variations in soil properties mediates the community assembly process of soil bacteria in arid inland river basins. This finding is of importance for forecasting the dynamics of soil microbial community and soil process in response to current and future depleted groundwater.
•Different assembly processes drove similar geographic patterns of rare and abundant bacteria.•Different soil factors altered the assembly process of rare and abundant bacteria.•Groundwater depth plays a crucial role in shaping bacterial community assembly.
The construction of Z-scheme systems is a valid strategy to effectively enhance photocatalytic property in the field of photocatalysis. In the present work, a novel Z-scheme V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) ...heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared via a simple one-pot solvothermal method for the first time. The phase structure, morphology and optical property of the as-prepared V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) composite were carried out by a series of characterizations. The photocatalytic property of V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) heterojunction photocatalyst was investigated by photodegrading tetracycline (TC) under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. The systematic studies indicate that the obtained V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) heterojunction photocatalyst possesses superior photocatalytic performance toward TC removal. Furthermore, a Z-scheme photocatalytic degradation mechanism for TC over V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) composites was proposed. The results show that Z-scheme V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) heterojunction photocatalyst has potential application in the treatment of TC wastewater. This research will broaden the studies of NH2-MIL-101(Fe)-based Z-scheme photocatalysts.
In this study, a novel Z-schemeV2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized for the first time and applied to the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. It was shown that the as-prepared V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) composite photocatalyst has much higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency than pure V2O5 and NH2-MIL-101(Fe). In the meantime, V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) composite photocatalyst exhibits a good stability in the cyclic runs for TC degradation. In summary, this novel Z-scheme V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) composite is a promising photocatalyst in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater. Display omitted
•Novel Z-scheme V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) photocatalyst was firstly synthesized.•V2O5/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) composite exhibits excellent removal efficiency for TC.•The as-prepared material possesses remarkable stability and repeatability.•O2− and h+ are the dominant active species in photocatalytic process.•The as-prepared material has potential application prospects in photocatalysis.
Hemarthrosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can create many adverse joint effects. Tranexamic acid (TXA) can be used to minimize hemarthrosis and associated pain after ACL ...reconstruction. We aimed to compare the efficacies of intravenous (IV) administration and intra-articular (IA) injection of TXA during ACL reconstruction for reducing postoperative hemarthrosis.
A total of 120 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were included in this prospective and randomized study. All patients were randomized into three groups: IV group, IA group and placebo group. Patients in the IV group received intravenously administered TXA (15 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline solution) 10 min before tourniquet release; patients in the IA group received intra-articular TXA (15 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline solution) injected via the drainage tube; and patients in the placebo group received an equivalent volume of normal saline administered into the knee joint cavity and intravenously. Drainage tubes were removed 24 h after surgery, and all enrolled patients experienced a 4-week follow-up period. The drain output volume, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, patellar circumference, hemarthrosis grade and Lysholm score of all patients were recorded.
Both the IV group and the IA group had significantly lower drain output volumes at day 1, lower VAS scores at weeks 1 and 2, smaller patellar circumferences at weeks 1 and 2, and lower hemarthrosis grades at weeks 1 and 2 than the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in drain output volume, VAS score, patellar circumference or hemarthrosis grade between the IV group and the IA group at any time point (p > 0.05). No obvious differences in Lysholm score were observed between any pair of groups at week 4 (p > 0.05)). Neither infection nor deep vein thrombosis occurred in any group.
Both intravenous administration and intra-articular injection can reduce intra-articular hemarthrosis, joint pain and swelling during ACL reconstruction. No significant difference in the efficacies of reducing hemarthrosis, joint pain and swelling was found between intravenous administration and intra-articular injection.
The study was registered by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (The comparative efficacies of intravenous administration and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; ChiCTR-INR-17012217 ; August 1, 2017).
High concentrations of manganese (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) have seriously hindered the sustainable development of electrolytic manganese industry. ...In this study, an innovative basic burning raw material (BRM) was used to stabilize/solidify Mn2+ and NH4+-N in EMR. The characteristics of EMR and BRM, stabilize mechanism of NH4+-N and Mn2+, and leaching test were investigated. The concentrations of NH4+-N and Mn2+ were 12.8 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, when the solid liquid ratio was 1.5:1, and the mass ratio of EMR and BRM was 100:10, at the temperature of 20 °C reacting for 12 h Mn2+ was mostly solidified as bustamite ((Mn,Ca)Si2O6), groutite (MnOOH) and ramsdellite (MnO2). NH4+-N was mostly recycled by (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)3H(SO4)2. Leaching test results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals were within the permitted level for the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). Economic evaluation revealed that the cost of EMR treatment was $ 10.15/t by BRM. This study provided a new research idea for EMR harmless disposal.
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•Burning raw material was used to stabilize/solidify Mn2+ and NH4+-N in EMR.•The concentrations of heavy metals, NH4+-N meet the discharge standard (GB8978-1996).•Mn2+ was mainly solidified as (Mn,Ca)Si2O6, MnOOH and MnO2.•NH4+-N mainly escaped in the form of ammonia.•This study provided a new research idea for EMR harmless disposal.
The abuse of chat services by automated programs, known as chat bots, poses a serious threat to Internet users. Chat bots target popular chat networks to distribute spam and malware. In this paper, ...we first conduct a series of measurements on a large commercial chat network. Our measurements capture a total of 16 different types of chat bots ranging from simple to advanced. Moreover, we observe that human behavior is more complex than bot behavior. Based on the measurement study, we propose a classification system to accurately distinguish chat bots from human users. The proposed classification system consists of two components: 1) an entropy-based classifier; and 2) a Bayesian-based classifier. The two classifiers complement each other in chat bot detection. The entropy-based classifier is more accurate to detect unknown chat bots, whereas the Bayesian-based classifier is faster to detect known chat bots. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed classification system is highly effective in differentiating bots from humans.
Conductive Ti3C2Tx MXenes have been widely investigated for the construction of flexible and highly‐sensitive pressure sensors. Although the inevitable oxidation of solution‐processed MXene has been ...recognized, the effect of the irreversible oxidation of MXene on its electrical conductivity and sensing properties is yet to be understood. Herein, we construct a highly‐sensitive and degradable piezoresistive pressure sensor by coating Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes with different degrees of in situ oxidation onto paper substrates using the dipping‐drying method. In situ oxidation can tune the intrinsic resistance and expand the interlayer distance of MXene nanosheets. The partially oxidized MXene‐based piezoresistive pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 28.43 kPa−1, which is greater than those of pristine MXene, over‐oxidized MXene, and state‐of‐the‐art paper‐based pressure sensors. Additionally, these sensors exhibit a short response time of 98.3 ms, good durability over 5000 measurement cycles, and a low force detection limit of 0.8 Pa. Moreover, MXene‐based sensing elements are easily degraded and environmentally friendly. The MXene‐based pressure sensor shows promise for practical applications in tracking body movements, sports coaching, remote health monitoring, and human–computer interactions.
The highly‐sensitive and degradable piezoresistive pressure sensor was constructed by coating Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes with different degrees of in situ oxidation onto paper substrates using the dipping‐drying method. In situ oxidation tunes the intrinsic resistance and expand the interlayer distance of MXene nanosheets, which regulates the sensitivity of the sensor. It is found that the partially oxidized MXene based pressure sensor demonstrates remarkably higher sensitivity (28.43 kPa−1) than those of pristine MXene, over‐oxidized MXene, and state‐of‐the‐art paper‐based pressure sensors.
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Nano-Pt induces autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and P53/mTOR pathways, and also promotes apoptosis, thereby killing osteosarcoma cells.
•The prognosis and chemotherapy of osteosarcoma ...need to be improved.•Platinum-based drugs improved by nanotechnology are promising.•Nano-Pt has shown therapeutic effects in a variety of cancers.•Nano-Pt has a wide range of therapeutic effects on three types of osteosarcoma cells.•Nano-Pt has two mechanisms to promote autophagy on cells with different P53 status.
The enhancement of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents utilizing nanotechnology holds promise for improving the prognosis of osteosarcoma chemotherapy in the context of a focus on autophagy. This study aims to examine the correlation and potential mechanisms between novel nano-platinum (Nano-Pt), osteosarcoma, and autophagy at both the cellular and animal levels.
This study investigated the impact of Nano-Pt on the malignant biological behavior of three osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63, U2-OS, and 143B), which was subsequently confirmed through animal experimentation. Furthermore, the association between Nano-Pt and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, P53/mTOR, and autophagy pathways was examined in diverse osteosarcoma cells.
Utilizing confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it was observed that Nano-Pt possesses the capability to enter osteosarcoma cells. It was demonstrated that Nano-Pt exhibits a substantial inhibitory impact on proliferation, migration, and clone formation, while concurrently inducing apoptosis. The anticancer efficacy of Nano-Pt in vivo, as well as its lower normal cellular and tissue toxicity, were further substantiated through animal experimentation. Through rescue experiments based on autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and mTOR agonist (MHY1485), mRFP-GFP-LC3 autophagic flux detection, TEM autophagosome observation, autophagy and apoptosis-related Western blotting, and apoptosis flow cytometry confirmed the ability of Nano-Pt to promote autophagy and apoptosis. It was revealed that Nano-Pt promotes autophagy through different pathways in cells with different P53 expression patterns.
Nano-Pt demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, as well as promotion of apoptosis, in all three types of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, Nano-Pt induced autophagy mediated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in MG-63 cells, while activating autophagy mediated by the P53/mTOR pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in U2-OS and 143B cells.
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) play multifaceted roles in plant physiological processes, especially with respect to signalling processes, plant development, and responses to environmental ...stresses. However, little information is known about the CNGC family in the large cosmopolitan family Rhamnaceae, which has strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
In the current study, a total of 15 ZjCNGCs which located on 7 chromosomes were firstly identified in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), the most important species of Rhamnaceae in terms of economic and ecological values. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these ZjCNGCs could be classified into four groups, ZjCNGC12 belonged to group IVA, and ZjCNGC13, 14, 15 belonged to group IVB. In addition, the paralogous and orthologous homology duplication of ZjCNGC15 occurred during the evolutionary process. The characteristics of ZjCNGCs regarding to exon-intron numbers and post-translational modifications showed diversified structures and functions. Motif composition and protein sequence analysis revealed that the phosphate-binding cassette and hinge regions were conserved among ZjCNGCs. Prediction of the cis-acting regulatory elements and expression profiles by real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that some of the ZjCNGCs responded to environmental changes, especially ZjCNGC2, which was significantly downregulated in response to cold stress, and ZjCNGC4 was highly induced in response to cold, salt and alkaline stresses. ZjCNGC13 and 14 were highly induced in the phytoplasma-resistant cultivar and downregulated in the susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, ZjCNGC2 could be regulated by cAMP treatment, microtubule changes and interact with ZjMAPKK4, which suggested that cAMP and microtubule might play important roles in ZjCNGC2 mediated ZjMAPKK4 signalling transduction involved in cold stress.
The identification and classification analysis of ZjCNGCs were firstly reported, and some key individual ZjCNGCs might play essential roles in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, especially ZjCNGC2 mediated ZjMAPKK4 signalling transduction involved in cold stress. This systematic analysis could provide important information for further functional characterization of ZjCNGCs with the aim of breeding stress-resistant cultivars.
The integration of renewable energies into combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the optimization of renewable energies ...integrated CCHP (RECCHP) systems (i.e., optimal component configurations) is far from being well addressed, especially in isolated mode. This study aims to fill this research gap. A multi-objective optimization model characterizing the system reliability, system cost, and environmental sustainability is constructed. In this model, the objectives include minimization of annual total cost (ATC), carbon dioxide emission (CDE), and loss of energy supply probability (LESP). The decision variables representing the configuration of the RECCHP system include the number of photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines (WTs), the tilt angle of PV panels, the height of WTs, the maximum fuel consumption, and the capacity of battery and heat storage tanks (HSTs). The multi-objective model is solved by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, namely, the preference-inspired coevolutionary algorithm (PICEA-g), resulting in a set of Pareto optimal (trade-off) solutions. Then, a decision-making process is demonstrated, selecting a preferred solution amongst those trade-off solutions by further considering the decision-maker preferences. Furthermore, on the optimization of the RECCHP system, operational strategies (i.e., following electric load, FEL, and following thermal load, FTL) are considered, respectively. Experimental results show that the FEL and FTL strategies lead to different optimal configurations. In general, the FTL is recommended in summer and winter, while the FEL is more suitable for spring and autumn. Compared with traditional energy systems, RECCHP has better economic and environmental advantages.
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