Waist-corrected body mass index (wBMI), which combines BMI and waist circumference (WC) measurements, has proven superior to either measure alone for predicting obesity but has not yet been applied ...to the prediction of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Over a 5-year period, 305,499 subjects were eligible for this study based on citizen health check-ups in the Tacheng Area of northwest China. Diagnosis of DM was defined as the end point.
After exclusion, a total of 111,851 subjects were included in the training cohort and 47,906 in the validation cohort. Participants of both sexes with wBMI in the upper quartiles had significantly higher incidence of DM than those with wBMI in the lower quartiles (log-rank χ
236, p< 0.001 for men; log-rank χ
304, p< 0.001 for women). After adjusting for multiple variables, WC, BMI, wBMI, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were all independent predictors for diabetes. In men, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of wBMI for diabetes for the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.297 95% CI: 1.157, 1.455, 1.664 95% CI: 1.493, 1.853, and 2.132 95% CI: 1.921, 2.366, respectively, when compared with the first quartile. In women, they were 1.357 95% CI: 1.191, 1.546, 1.715 95% CI: 1.517, 1.939, and 2.262 95% CI: 2.010, 2.545, respectively. Compared with WC, BMI, and WHtR, wBMI had the highest C-index in both men (0.679, 95% CI: 0.670, 0.688) and women (0.730, 95% CI: 0.722, 0.739). Finally, a nomogram was constructed to predict incident DM based on wBMI and other variables. In conclusion, wBMI had the strongest predictive capacity for incident DM when compared with WC, BMI, and WHtR, especially in women.
This study provides a reference for advanced investigation of wBMI on DM and other metabolic diseases in the future.
High dietary diversity has been found to be associated with frailty. However, the trajectory of dietary diversity intake in relation to frailty is unclear.
Using the latent class trajectory modeling ...approach, we identified distinctive dietary variety trajectory groups among 2017 participants based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey acquired at four time points within a 10-year period. Frailty status was assessed using a frailty index comprising 37 health deficits. Dietary diversity was quantified using the dietary variety score (DVS), based on food category consumption frequency. Logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the association between DVS change trajectories and frailty.
This study identified two distinct DVS trajectories: "Moderate-Slow decline-Slow growth", encompassing 810 (40.16%) individuals, and "Moderate-Slow growth-Accelerated decline", including 1207 (59.84%) individuals. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio for DVS in the "Moderate-Slow decline-Slow growth" group was 1.326 (95% confidence interval: 1.075-1.636) compared to the "Moderate-Slow growth-Accelerated decline" group. The "Moderate-Slow decline-Slow growth" trajectory continued to decrease and was maintained at a low level in the early stages of aging.
Sustaining a high dietary diversity trajectory over time, particularly in the early stages of aging, could potentially decrease the risk of frailty among older Chinese adults.
In order to solve the problems of pesticide degradation, short duration, low utilization rate and environmental pollution, etc. We used a three steps synthesized ligands of (E)-bis(p-3-nitrobenzoic ...acid) vinyl (C16H10N2O8) to construct a 3D porous MOF-Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O and use it in as the matrix to construct the pesticide adsorption sustained-release system. Water-soluble and oil-soluble model pesticides were selected to study the pesticide loading, releasing performance and biological activity of Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O to these pesticides. The results showed that the sustained-release system had the characteristics of long duration, so it could reduce the times of pesticide use. According to the annual control plan and dosage of the crop, the reasonable use of slow-release preparation can effectively prolong the control cycle of the crop.
Display omitted
•A new 3D MOF has been synthesized through a three steps synthesized ligand.•The pesticide releasing performance of it to selected pesticides were characterized.•It can reduce the times of pesticide use and prolong the control cycle of the crop.
The ligands of (E)-bis(p-3-nitrobenzoic acid) vinyl (C16H10N2O8) were synthesized in three steps, and then the MOF-Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O was synthesized by solvothermal method. This structure was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, SEM and TG. The pesticide loading and release of Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O were also studied with jinggangmycin and avermectin as model pesticides, representing water-soluble and oil-soluble pesticides respectively. The results show that the highest loading amount of Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O to jinggangmycin and avermectin was 0.346 g/g and 0.304 g/g. The pesticide delivery system was a two-phase mode and the cumulative release of jinggangmycin was 76.8%, of avermectin was 73.8% in 84 h, which show obvious slow release effect. Meanwhile, compared with the control group of jinggangmycin·avermectin wettable powder, the sustained-release system has better effect on the inhibition of rhizoctonia graminearum.
The performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C
60 heterojunction was investigated by focusing on the role of 1,3,5-tris(2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl) benzene ...(TPBi) as a cathode buffer layer. The effect of the film thickness of TPBi layer on the electrical characteristics of the device was systematically studied. The interface between the acceptor and cathode was studied with the characterization of atomic force microscope. Optical field distribution inside the OPV cell was also simulated to gain insight into the mechanism responsible for TPBi used as an optical spacer. The results indicated that at an optimal film thickness, TPBi cathode buffer layer is essential to enhance device performance by forming improved interfacial contact without introducing more series resistance and current loss.
Display omitted
Apple Valsa canker is a destructive disease caused by the ascomycete
and poses a serious threat to apple production. Toxins synthesized by secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SMBGCs) ...have been proven to be crucial for pathogen virulence. A previous study showed that
genome contains remarkably expanded SMBGCs and some of their genes were significantly upregulated during infection. In this study, we focus on LaeA, a known regulator of secondary metabolism, for its role in SMBGC regulation, toxin production, and virulence of
. Deletion of
led to greatly reduced virulence with lesion length reduced by 48% on apple twigs. Toxicity tests proved that toxicity of secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by
deletion mutant (Δ
) was markedly decreased in comparison with wild-type (WT). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of WT and Δ
indicated that a portion of transporters and about half (31/60) SMBGCs are regulated by
Function analysis of eight gene clusters including
,
,
,
,
,
,
, and
that were differentially expressed at both transcriptional and translational levels showed that four of them (i.e.,
,
,
, and
) were involved in pigment production and
contributed to virulence. Our findings will provide new insights and gene resources for understanding the role of pathogenicity-related toxins in
.
The raging trend of COVID‐19 in the world has become more and more serious since 2019, causing large‐scale human deaths and affecting production and life. Generally speaking, the methods of detecting ...COVID‐19 mainly include the evaluation of human disease characterization, clinical examination and medical imaging. Among them, CT and X‐ray screening is conducive to doctors and patients' families to observe and diagnose the severity and development of the COVID‐19 more intuitively. Manual diagnosis of medical images leads to low the efficiency, and long‐term tired gaze will decline the diagnosis accuracy. Therefore, a fully automated method is needed to assist processing and analysing medical images. Deep learning methods can rapidly help differentiate COVID‐19 from other pneumonia‐related diseases or healthy subjects. However, due to the limited labelled images and the monotony of models and data, the learning results are biased, resulting in inaccurate auxiliary diagnosis. To address these issues, a hybrid model: deep channel‐attention correlative capsule network, for channel‐attention based spatial feature extraction, correlative feature extraction, and fused feature classification is proposed. Experiments are validated on X‐ray and CT image datasets, and the results outperform a large number of existing state‐of‐the‐art studies.
We first develop a multi‐feature extractor that can generate Fisher vector in time‐ and frequency‐ domain and channel‐attention based convolutional feature.
A multi‐level capsules is embedded with primary capsules, correlative capsules and digit capsules, which can learn and capture the correlation between primary capsules after the convolution operation.
We use the four outputs of the previous two modules as input, and use CatNN and GBDT2NN in DeepGBM to train separately to obtain the results of multi‐feature fusion and achieve classification.
The remarkable advancements related to cerebral organoids have provided unprecedented opportunities to model human brain development and diseases. However, despite their potential significance in ...neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), the role of exosomes from cerebral organoids (OExo) has been largely unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of OExo to those of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (CExo) and found that OExo shared similar neuroprotective effects to CExo. Our findings showed that OExo mitigated H
O
-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat midbrain astrocytes by reducing excess ROS production, antioxidant depletion, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Notably, OExo demonstrated superiority over CExo in promoting the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This was attributed to the higher abundance of neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in OExo, which facilitated the iPSCs' differentiation into DA neurons in an LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A)-dependent manner. Our study provides novel insight into the biological properties of cerebral organoids and highlights the potential of OExo in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
Progressive pulmonary fibrosis is the most characteristic feature of subacute PQ poisoning. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is reported to be involved in the pulmonary fibrosis after PQ ...exposure. Recent evidence suggested Notch signaling is required for EMT. In this study, we investigated whether Notch1 and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling was involved in EMT caused by PQ. It is demonstrated that A549 cells underwent EMT after treated with PQ at dose of 300 μmol/L for 6 days, charactered by increasing expression of mesenchymal marker α-SMA and decreasing expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. We found that there was an apparent increased expression of Notch1 and jagged-1 in PQ induced EMT process. EMT could be enhanced by Jagged-1 ligand of Notch1, and be blocked by DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor. Our data also showed that the expression of TGF-β1/Smad3 increased after Notch1 is elevated in EMT caused by PQ. Jagged-1 significantly induced SMA expression, and this induction was completely inhibited by SB431542 in A549 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Notch1 pathway was important in EMT induced by PQ, and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling partly plays a role as the downstream of Notch1.
Methoxylated coumarins represent a large proportion of officinal value coumarins while only one enzyme specific to bergaptol
-methylation (BMT) has been identified to date. The multiple types of ...methoxylated coumarins indicate that at least one unknown enzyme participates in the
-methylation of other hydroxylated coumarins and remains to be identified. Combined transcriptome and metabonomics analysis revealed that an enzyme similar to caffeic acid
-methyltransferase (COMT-S, S is short for similar) was involved in catalyzing all the hydroxylated coumarins in
. However, the precise molecular mechanism of its substrate heterozygosis remains unsolved. Pursuing this question, we determined the crystal structure of COMT-S to clarify its substrate preference. The result revealed that Asn132, Asp271, and Asn325 govern the substrate heterozygosis of COMT-S. A single mutation, such as N132A, determines the catalytic selectivity of hydroxyl groups in esculetin and also causes production differences in bergapten. Evolution-based analysis indicated that BMT was only recently derived as a paralogue of caffeic acid
-methyltransferase (COMT) via gene duplication, occurring before the Apiaceae family divergence between 37 and 100 mya. The present study identified the previously unknown
-methylation steps in coumarin biosynthesis. The crystallographic and mutational studies provided a deeper understanding of the substrate preference, which can be used for producing specific
-methylation coumarins. Moreover, the evolutionary relationship between BMT and COMT-S was clarified to facilitate understanding of evolutionary events in the Apiaceae family.
PDF
