This paper aimed to analyze the situation of HIV infection in Liangshan Yi Autonomous, including HIV recent rate of infection and the ongoing strategies on prevention of the disease in this ...prefecture.
Surveillance data on population size, medical institutions, from 2011 to 2013 in Liangshan prefecture was collected. The total numbers of people living in the areas appeared as 412 608, 393 699 and 443 025 from the above mentioned three years. The overall numbers of people living with HIV/AIDS were 4 480, 3 999 and 4 719 respectively in the three years of observation, using the ELISA and WB blot. We also used the ELISA, and Western blotting methods to find out the HIV-positive individuals. We then applied the ' BED HIV-1 incidence capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA)' on these HIV-positive individuals to locate those who were recently infected, to estimate the annual recent infection rates.
The HIV-positive rates in Liangshan Prefecture appeared as 1.09%, 1.02% and 1.07% respectively, from 2011 to 2013, with the recent infection rates as 0.34% (95%CI: 0.32-0.37), 0.62% (95%CI: 0.58-0.66) and 0.61% (95%CI: 0.57-0.65) respectively. The newly infections mainly involved with males, with Yi ethnicity, married, being illiterate or received primary school education. In males, the rates of infection appeared as 64.24% (433/674), 59.22% (504/851) and 58.37% (495/848) respectively, in the three years of observation among people with Yi ethnicity, the recent infection rates were 84.72% (571/674) in 2011, 94.59% (805/851) in 2012 and 84.20% (714/848) in 2013. The rates seen in married people were 61.57% (415/674), 61.45% (523/851) and 60.50% (513/848) respectively. Among the illiterates or people only received primary school education, the rates appeared as 60.24% (406/674) in 2011, 61.57% (524/851) in 2012, and 60.03% (509/848) in 2013.
Using the HIV recent infection rate to describe the situation of AIDS in Liangshan prefecture, figures seemed to be more reliable than under the regular HIV-positive rate.
Chronic spinal cord compression is the result of mechanical pressure on the spinal cord, which in contrast to traumatic spinal cord injury, leads to slowly progressing nerve degeneration. These two ...types of spinal cord injuries may trigger similar mechanisms, including motoric nerve cell apoptosis and autophagy, however, depending on differences in the underlying injury severity, nerve reactions may predominantly involve the conservation of function or the initiation of functions for the removal of irreversibly damaged cells. p62 is a multidomain adapter protein, which is involved in apoptosis and cell survival as well as autophagy, and is a common component of protein aggregations in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, a rat chronic spinal cord compression model was used, in which the spinal cord was progressively compressed for six weeks and then constantly compressed for another 10 weeks. As a result Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scaling revealed a gradual score decrease until the 6th week followed by constant recovery until the 16th week after spinal cord compression was initiated. During the first eight weeks of the experiment, p62 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were increasingly expressed up to a constant plateau at 12-16 weeks, whereas caspase 3 exhibited a marginally enhanced expression at 8 weeks, however, reached a constant maximum peak 12-16 weeks after the beginning of spinal cord compression. It was hypothesized that, in the initial phase of spinal cord compression, enhanced p62 expression triggered NF-κB activity, directing the cell responses mainly to cell survival and autophagy, whereas following eight weeks of spinal cord compression, caspase 3 was additionally activated indicating cumulative elimination of irreversibly damaged nerve cells with highly activated autophagy.
An 87-year-old woman developed abdominal wall hematoma and upper gastrointestinal bleeding during treatment with cefoperazone/sulbactam for pneumonia. The woman received cefoperazone/sulbactam at ...4.5 g twice daily for intravenous infusion. After 7 days, she developed sudden onset of left lower abdominal pain, associated with subcutaneous mass, and vomited a coffee-colored liquid. Investigations revealed a coagulation index abnormality and activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time increased obviously. She was diagnosed with cefoperazone-induced hemorrhage. Cefoperazone/sulbactam was discontinued and the patient received vitamin K1. The blood coagulation function improved and hematoma disappeared after 3 days. A Naranjo assessment score of 6 was obtained, indicating a probable relationship between the patient’s coagulation function disorder and her use of the suspect drug.
Nowadays, public safety has already attracted great attention, especially when natural disasters and other emergencies happen more and more frequently. So, personnel evacuation simulation research in ...the populated areas has become one of the core issues to reduce the social damage. To improve the simulation theory, this paper puts forward an improved cellular automata model using some idea of the classic Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for reference when making rules for the evacuating personnel. And the improved model takes the interaction among the crowd and the influences exerted by the evacuating personnel upon the environment into account. The new model cares more specific details of both environment and the personnel, so it simulates the crowd psychology successfully and provides a more reliable theory that is to expand and improve the cellular automaton simulation model on personnel evacuation.
The expression of recombinant antigens in transgenic plants is increasingly used as an alternative method of producing experimental immunogens. In this report, we describe the production of ...transgenic tomato plants that express the structural polyprotein, P1-2A, and protease, 3C, from foot-and-mouth disease (FMDV). P1-2A3C was inserted into the plant binary vector, pBin438, and transformed into tomato plants using
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, GV3101. The presence of P1-2A3C was confirmed by PCR, transcription was verified by RT-PCR, and recombinant protein expression was confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and Western blot analyses. Guinea pigs immunized intramuscularly with foliar extracts from P1-2A3C-transgenic tomato plants were found to develop a virus-specific antibody response against FMDV. Vaccinated guinea pigs were fully protected against a challenge infection, while guinea pigs injected with untransformed plant extracts failed to elicit an antibody response and were not protected against challenge. These results demonstrate that transgenic tomato plants expressing the FMDV structural polyprotein, P1-2A, and the protease, 3C, can be used as a source of recombinant antigen for vaccine production.
Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) is associated with an incremental risk of esophageal varices and overt clinical decompensations. However, hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) ...measurement, the gold standard for defining CSPH (HVPG≥10 mm Hg) is invasive and therefore not suitable for routine clinical practice. This study aims to develop and validate a radiomics-based model as a noninvasive method for accurate detection of CSPH in cirrhosis.The prospective multicenter diagnostic trial (CHESS1701, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03138915) involved 385 patients with cirrhosis from five liver centers in China between August 2016 and September 2017. Patients who had both HVPG measurement and contrast-enhanced CT within 14 days prior to the catheterization were collected. The noninvasive radiomics model, termed rHVPG for CSPH was developed based on CT images in a training cohort consisted of 222 consecutive patients and the diagnostic performance was prospectively assessed in 163 consecutive patients in four external validation cohorts.rHVPG showed a good performance in detection of CSPH with a C-index of 0·849 (95%CI: 0·786–0·911). Application of rHVPG in four external prospective validation cohorts still gave excellent performance with the C-index of 0·889 (95%CI: 0·752–1·000, 0·800 (95%CI: 0·614–0·986), 0·917 (95%CI: 0·772–1·000), and 0·827 (95%CI: 0·618–1·000), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients for inter- and intra-observer agreement were 0·92–0·99 and 0·97–0·99, respectively.A radiomics signature was developed and prospectively validated as an accurate method for noninvasive detection of CSPH in cirrhosis. The tool of rHVPG assessment can facilitate the identification of CSPH rapidly when invasive transjugular procedure is not available. Keywords: Portal hypertension, Liver cirrhosis, Hepatic venous pressure gradient, Radiomics, Noninvasive
A series of 2-aminothiazole-derived antagonists of the CCR4 receptor has been synthesized and their affinity for the receptor evaluated using a 125ITARC (CCL17) displacement assay. Optimization of ...these compounds for potency and pharmacokinetic properties led to the discovery of potent, orally bioavailable antagonists.
A series of 2-aminothiazole-derived antagonists of the CCR4 receptor has been synthesized and their affinity for the receptor evaluated using a 125ITARC (CCL17) displacement assay. Optimization of these compounds for potency and pharmacokinetic properties led to the discovery of potent, orally bioavailable antagonists.
The mass event happens frequently, and once dealt not well, the event will lose control and the result is unimaginable. This paper, based on the analysis of the theory of the emotional contagion, ...proposes leveled emotional model based on the importance of leaders. By improving the interaction algorithm of the participants, introducing the factors of followers, emotional decline, emotional un-adaption, moving around, we also build an emotional affection model of the mass event. Finally we explore the general rule of the mass event through simulation in the AnyLogic software, which can provide policy when facing mass event.
To investigate the treatment and effectiveness of inferior polar comminuted fractures of patella and patellar tendon injury.
Between January 2003 and December 2008, 5 patients with inferior polar ...comminuted fractures of patella and patellar tendon injury were treated with Nitinol Patellar Concentrator and fascia lata allograft. There were 3 males and 2 females with a mean age of 33.7 years (range, 20-48 years). The interval of injury and operation was 1-5 days. Fracture degree: 3 cases had 3 fractures of patella, 2 cases had 4 fractures; patellar tendon injury degree: 3 cases had horizontal rupture of middle ligament, 1 case had oblique rupture of tibial tubercle, and 1 case had longitudinal partial rupture.
Healing of incision by first intention was achieved in all patients, and no complication of infection or deep venous thrombosis occurred. The X-ray films at 2 days after surgery showed that patella recovered to normal height, which meaned ratio of patella height to patellar tendon length recovered to 1 :
PDF
