The glass-forming ability (GFA) of RE(55)Al(25)Co(20) (RE =Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) alloys ranks as follows: Ce(55) Al(25)Co(20) < Pr(55)Al(25)Co(20) and Nd(55)Al(25)Co(20) < Sm(55)Al(25)Co(20) and ...Gd(55)Al(25)Co(20). Only Sm(55)Al(25)Co(20) and Gd(55)Al(25)Co(20) alloys show wholly amorphous structures when the alloys are cast into rods up to 2 mm in diameter. A comparison study shows that the Sm(55)Al(25)Co(20) alloy exhibits the smaller difference in Gibbs free energy (DeltaG(1)~chi(T(g))) and the stronger fragility, which are consistent with the higher GFA for this alloy.
Binäre Cokatalysatoren aus Pt und Cu2O mit einer Kern‐Schale‐Struktur verstärken die photokatalytische Reduktion von CO2 mit H2O zu CH4 und CO. Auf der Cu2O‐Schale findet die bevorzugte Aktivierung ...und Umwandlung von CO2 statt, während der Pt‐Kern die photogenerierten Elektronen aus dem TiO2‐Material zieht. Die abgeschiedene Cu2O‐Schale auf den Pt‐Nanopartikeln unterdrückt die Reduktion von H2O zu H2 (siehe Bild).
The extraction of entities and relationships from unstructured text is not only a critical issue in information extraction, but also an essential component of constructing knowledge graphs. Most ...existing models for relation extraction first extract all subjects, and then proceed to extract objects and relations based on the identified subjects. This method is highly dependent on the extraction of subjects, and the quality of subject extraction significantly impacts the extraction of objects and relations. During relation processing, most models only use the simplest classifier, with the difference lying in the input for relation processing, which sometimes leads to the mutual relationship between the subject and the object being overlooked.To avoid overlooking the inherent features of input sentences, we generate three distinct token representation sequences for subject, object, and relation at the encoding layer. Additionally, combining explicit injection of context features from the encoding layer, entity extraction in both directions can mutually promote each other, aiming to obtain as many entity pairs as possible. This approach aims to address the limitations imposed by the relationship being subject to the extracted subject. While most existing models use a simple classifier for handling relationships, our model employs the Biaffine model combined with an attention mechanism to assign all potential relationships for each entity pair. Its advantage over other simple classifiers is maintaining a matrix for each relation, accurately modeling the features of relations, and its probability calculation mechanism can precisely explore the interaction between subjects and objects.We evaluated the proposed model on the NYT and WebNLG datasets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the high effectiveness of the proposed model, achieving significant performance across all datasets.
The relationship between the bound chloride and the free chloride in concrete is very important to the durability of concrete structures. The high performance concrete (HPC) with fly ash was prepared ...and the specimens were tested by ASTM C1202 in this paper. The concentrations of the total and the free chloride in HPC specimens were determined after the experimentation, by which the concentration of the bound chloride was calculated. The results show that the relationship between the free chloride and the bound chloride in HPC can be described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm, and the coefficient α and β in the equation are affected by initial bound abilities and bound potentialities respectively. The bound potentiality of HPC decreased inversely with the amount of replacement of fly ash.
The oxy-anion Cope rearrangement followed by protonation of the enolate which resulted under conditions of kinetic control has been employed to generate the key asymmetric centers at C(15), C(16), ...and C(20) in alkaloid G (1) and (+)-ajmaline (2) in a highly stereocontrolled fashion. The aldehyde 7b from this process has been converted into alkaloid G (1) and (+)-ajmaline (2) in 36% and 13% overall yields (11 reaction vessels from 3), respectively.
The glass-forming ability (GFA) of RE
55Al
25Co
20 (RE
=
Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) alloys ranks as follows: Ce
55Al
25Co
20
<
Pr
55Al
25Co
20 and Nd
55Al
25Co
20
<
Sm
55Al
25Co
20 and Gd
55Al
25Co
20. Only ...Sm
55Al
25Co
20 and Gd
55Al
25Co
20 alloys show wholly amorphous structures when the alloys are cast into rods up to 2
mm in diameter. A comparison study shows that the Sm
55Al
25Co
20 alloy exhibits the smaller difference in Gibbs free energy (Δ
G
1−
x
(
T
g)) and the stronger fragility, which are consistent with the higher GFA for this alloy.
High-quality Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are crucial for BCI applications. In practice, processing and analysis of EEG are often hindered due to either data scarcity or data imbalance, which ...would lower the performance of EEG-based classification. In this work, we implemented a data augmentation approach based on Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN), which employed a generator and a discriminator to compete with each other to gain high-quality data for augmentation. In the approach, one-dimensional (ID) convolution layers were used by the discriminator to extract time features of raw signals, and ID transposed convolutional layers were adopted by the generator to synthesize new data. The quality of synthesized data was analyzed in time domain, and as well in both frequency and time-frequency domains by using Fast Fourier Transform and Continuous Wavelet Transform. The experimental results showed that the synthesized data have very similar temporal and spectral features to the raw data, which confirmed the effectiveness of our proposed method in synthesizing useable data from limited original signals with a concise structure and fewer network parameters. This work provides a possible deep learning method for EEG data augmentation with a lot of application potentials in BCI areas.
The social force model (SFM) is able to reproduce many crowd phenomena and laws based on Newtonian mechanics. However, the interaction forces used in social force model depend on relative geometric ...positions of pedestrians, ignoring the impact of velocity in a dynamic crowd, which causes unrealistic phenomena in simulation. This paper proposes a novel method to make pedestrians behave more realistically using social force model based on velocity perception. The modified model analyzes personal space, considers the impacts of relative velocities on interaction force and introduces a better prediction of interactions using the information of not only positions but also velocities. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the oscillation problem effectively and will not lose the ability to reproduce the crowd self-organizing phenomena.
Dow Chemical and BASF have recently developed a new industrial process for the direct epoxidation of propylene by hydrogen peroxide, which is a green and atomically economical process that leads to ...the formation of H20 as the sole by-product.111 The epoxidation of propylene by oxygen is the most ideal route for the production of PO because oxygen is much cheaper than hydrogen peroxide. ...we have found a strong synergistic effect between CuOx and RuOx loaded on Si02 for the epoxidation of C3H6 by 02.
Five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST) is a very famous large-scale scientific facility with excellent performance for astronomical observation in the world, but it currently ...fails to observe the center of the Milky Way Galaxy due to the limited observation angle that is affected by the heavy weight of the feed cabin. To improve this problem, an upgraded feed mechanism (UFM) with a lighter cable structure is designed and employed to replace the existing heavy rigid A-B rotator and Stewart platform in the feed cabin of FAST. The structural dimension of the UFM is analyzed and optimized under cable tension constraints to meet the requirements of the observation angle. Then, a novel disturbance increment method is proposed to analyze the anti-disturbance ability of the UFM, where a gradually increased disturbance wrench is applied to the UFM with the stiffness matrix iteratively updated. Through the dimensional optimization and further anti-disturbance analysis, the newly-designed UFM can indeed meet the higher demand for astronomical observation with the larger observation angle, which benefits from the lightweight cable structure. Besides, the UFM also has the appreciable anti-disturbance ability for long-term stable operation of FAST.
