Seed germination is a complex process that is regulated by various exogenous and endogenous factors, in which abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role. The triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme (TTM) ...superfamily exists in all living organisms, but research on its biological role is limited. Here, we reveal that
functions in ABA-mediated seed germination. Our study indicates that
expression is enhanced but repressed by ABA during seed germination. Promoted
expression in
rescues ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development and
mutants exhibit lower seed germination rate and reduced cotyledon greening compared with the wild type, revealing that the repression of
expression is required for ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development. Further, ABA inhibits
expression by ABA insensitive 4 (ABI4) binding of
promoter and the ABA-insensitive phenotype of
with higher
expression can be rescued by mutation of
in
mutant, indicating that
acts downstream of
. In addition,
, a homolog of
, is not involved in ABA-mediated regulation of seed germination. In summary, our findings reveal that TTM2 acts as a downstream factor of ABI4 in ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling growth.
Ferulic acid (FA) has potential therapeutic effects in multiple diseases including cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect and molecular basis of FA in heart failure (HF) has not been thoroughly ...elucidated. Herein, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of FA in HF in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced HF rat model. Results found that FA ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, alleviated oxidative stress, reduced cell/myocardium injury-related enzyme plasma level, inhibited cardiocyte apoptosis in ISO-induced HF rat models. Moreover, FA reduced the co-localization of Keap1 and nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in heart tissues of ISO-induced HF rats, and FA alleviated the inhibitory effects of ISO on expressions of p-Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). Additionally, Nrf2 signaling pathway inhibitor ML385 showed adverse effects. FA weakened the effects of ML385 in ISO-induced HF rat models. Collectively, FA ameliorated HF by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting cardiocyte apoptosis via activating Nrf2 pathway in ISO-induced HF rats. Our data elucidated the underling molecular mechanism and provided a novel insight into the cardioprotective function of FA, thus suggested the therapeutic potential of FA in HF treatment.
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been identified as a reliable alternative biomarker of insulin resistance (IR). Recently, a considerable number of studies have provided robust statistical ...evidence suggesting that the TyG index is associated with the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the application of the TyG index as a marker of CVD has not systemically been evaluated, and even less information exists regarding the underlying mechanisms associated with CVD. To this end, in this review, we summarize the history of the use of the TyG index as a surrogate marker for IR. We aimed to highlight the application value of the TyG index for a variety of CVD types and to explore the potential limitations of using this index as a predictor for cardiovascular events to improve its application value for CVD and provide more extensive and precise supporting evidence.
After decades of molecular phylogenetic studies, the deep phylogeny of gymnosperms has not been resolved, and the phylogenetic placement of Gnetales remains one of the most controversial issues in ...seed plant evolution. To resolve the deep phylogeny of seed plants and to address the sources of phylogenetic conflict, we conducted a phylotranscriptomic study with a sampling of all 13 families of gymnosperms and main lineages of angiosperms. Multiple datasets containing up to 1 296 042 sites across 1308 loci were analysed, using concatenation and coalescence approaches. Our study generated a consistent and well-resolved phylogeny of seed plants, which places Gnetales as sister to Pinaceae and thus supports the Gnepine hypothesis. Cycads plus
is sister to the remaining gymnosperms. We also found that Gnetales and angiosperms have similar molecular evolutionary rates, which are much higher than those of other gymnosperms. This implies that Gnetales and angiosperms might have experienced similar selective pressures in evolutionary histories. Convergent molecular evolution or homoplasy is partially responsible for the phylogenetic conflicts in seed plants. Our study provides a robustly reconstructed backbone phylogeny that is important for future molecular and morphological studies of seed plants, in particular gymnosperms, in the light of evolution.
Organophosphorus pesticides are effective, cheap, and used extensively but can harm aquatic organism and human health. Here, water quality criteria (WQCs) for dichlorvos (DDVP) and malathion (MAL) ...were derived. Nine aquatic organisms native to China were used in toxicity tests. Published toxicity data for aquatic organisms native and non-native to China were also analyzed. DDVP and MAL WQCs were derived using (log-normal model) species sensitivity distributions. Species sensitivity distribution curves indicated native and non-native species have different sensitivities to DDVP. The sensitivities of native and non-native species to MAL were not different because non-native species data for fewer than eight genera were available, so further research is required. The results indicated that native species need to be considered when deriving WQCs. The criteria maximum concentration (CMC) and criteria continuous concentration (CCC) were 1.33 and 0.132 μg/L, respectively, for DDVP, and 0.100 and 0.008 μg/L, respectively, for MAL. The CMCs for DDVP and MAL derived using ETX 2.0 software and species sensitivity ranks were different from the CMCs obtained using the SSD method because of parameter uncertainties. The DDVP and MAL WQCs were significantly lower than Chinese surface water quality standard thresholds. The results provide basic data for revising these thresholds.
Herein, one interdigitated molecular and two metallarectangles were realized successfully using two rigid bidentate ligands (L1, L2) and two building blocks (E1, E2) via coordination-driven ...self-assembly strategy. Interestingly, a novel interdigitated structure has been successfully formed through triple π-π stacking interactions, different from the previously reported interlocked 2catenanes. Based on the π-π stacking interaction, nonradiative transitions were promoted and obvious photothermal transitions effect was triggered in solution and solid states. In addition, it is found that the interdigitated structure has a decent photothermal conversion efficiency of about 12% in solution state. This study provides open up new ideas for our future development of near-infrared photothermal conversion materials.
A series of discrete metallarectangles and an interdigitated molecule were synthesized by coordination-driven self-assembly. These topologies were unambiguously confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, IR spectroscopy as well as X-ray crystallography. In addition, triple π-π stacking interactions were found in the interdigitated structure, which results in the capability of photothermal conversion. Display omitted
•One interdigitated molecular and two metallarectangles were realized successfully using two rigid bidentate ligands and two building blocks via coordination-driven self-assembly strategy.•The interdigitated structure was constructed through triple π-π stacking interactions, different from the previously reported interlocked 2catenanes, which result in nonradiative transitions and trigger photothermal conversion in both the solution and the solid states.•The photothermal conversion study exhibits a good photothermal conversion efficiency (12%) for the interdigitated structure at 660 nm in the solution state. This study provides open up new ideas for our future development of near-infrared photothermal conversion materials.
This paper presents an online image-based visual servoing (IBVS) controller for a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robotic system based on the robust model predictive control (RMPC) method. The controller ...is designed considering the robotic visual servoing system's input and output constraints, such as robot physical limitations and visibility constraints. The proposed IBVS controller avoids the inverse of the image Jacobian matrix and hence can solve the intractable problems for the classical IBVS controller, such as large displacements between the initial and the desired positions of the camera. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, real-time experimental results on a 6-DOF robot manipulator with eye-in-hand configuration are presented and discussed.
The sustainable development of the global economy and society calls for the practice of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) principle. The ESG principle has been developed for 17 years ...following its formal proposal in 2004. Countries around the world continue to promote the coordinated development of the environment, society, and governance in accordance with the ESG principle. In order to review and summarize ESG research, this study takes the literature related to ESG research as the research object and presents the cooperation status, hot spots, and trends of ESG research with the help of the literature analysis tool CiteSpace. On the basis of quantitative analysis results, this study presents an examination and comprehensive summary of progress in the research into ESG combined with a systematic literature review. This includes the theoretical basis of ESG research, the interaction between the dimensions of ESG, the impact of ESG on the economic consequences, the risk prevention role of ESG, and ESG measurement. Based on the systematic summary of research progress, this paper further refines the characteristics of ESG research, reveals the shortcomings of ESG research, and propose a focus for ESG research in the future in order to provide a reference for academic research and the practice of ESG.
The homeostatic link between oxidative stress and autophagy plays an important role in cellular responses to a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. However, the regulatory ...pathway and outcomes remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules that regulate autophagy through ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), a DNA damage response (DDR) pathway activated during metabolic and hypoxic stress. We report that CHK2 binds to and phosphorylates Beclin 1 at Ser90/Ser93, thereby impairing Beclin 1‐Bcl‐2 autophagy‐regulatory complex formation in a ROS‐dependent fashion. We further demonstrate that CHK2‐mediated autophagy has an unexpected role in reducing ROS levels via the removal of damaged mitochondria, which is required for cell survival under stress conditions. Finally, CHK2−/− mice display aggravated infarct phenotypes and reduced Beclin 1 p‐Ser90/Ser93 in a cerebral stroke model, suggesting an in vivo role of CHK2‐induced autophagy in cell survival. Taken together, these results indicate that the ROS‐ATM‐CHK2‐Beclin 1‐autophagy axis serves as a physiological adaptation pathway that protects cells exposed to pathological conditions from stress‐induced tissue damage.
Synopsis
Whether hypoxia and nutrient starvation are coupled to cellular autophagy remains unclear. Here, DNA damage response kinases ATM and CHK2 are shown to trigger autophagy in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, suggesting a novel physiological adaptation pathway toward metabolic stress.
Depletion of CHK2 or ATM impairs oxidative stress‐induced autophagy in MEFs.
CHK2 binds and phosphorylates Beclin1 at Ser90/Ser93, suppressing Beclin1‐Bcl‐2 autophagy regulatory complex formation.
CHK2‐induced autophagy limits intracellular ROS levels by clearing damaged mitochondria.
CHK2‐induced autophagy protects against cell death and tissue damage following cerebral ischemia.
ROS accumulation activates protective autophagy to prevent stress‐induced tissue damage.
Abstract
We have collected 10,025 foreground–background quasar pairs with projected distances
d
p
< 500 kpc from the large quasar catalog of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR16Q. We investigate the ...properties of the Mg
ii
absorption lines with
W
r
> 0.15 Å around foreground quasars, including both the line of sight (LOS; of foreground quasars) and transverse (TRA; perpendicular to the LOS) absorptions. Both the equivalent width (the correlation coefficient
ρ
= −0.915 and the probability
P
< 10
−4
of no correlation) and incident rate (
ρ
= −0.964 and
P
< 10
−6
) of TRA Mg
ii
absorption lines are obviously anticorrelated with projected distance. The incident rate of TRA Mg
ii
absorption lines is obviously (>4
σ
) greater than that of LOS Mg
ii
absorption lines at projected distances
d
p
< 200 kpc, while the TRA and LOS Mg
ii
both have similar (<3
σ
) incident rates at scales
d
p
> 200 kpc. The anisotropic radiation from quasars would be the most possible interpretation for the anisotropic absorption around quasars. This could also indicate that the quasar radiation is not obviously impacting the gas halos of quasars at scales
d
p
> 200 kpc.
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