The current Li-based battery technology is limited in terms of energy contents. Therefore, several approaches are considered to improve the energy density of these energy storage devices. Here, we ...report the combination of a heteroatom-based gel polymer electrolyte with a hybrid cathode comprising of a Li-rich oxide active material and graphite conductive agent to produce a high-energy "shuttle-relay" Li metal battery, where additional capacity is generated from the electrolyte's anion shuttling at high voltages. The gel polymer electrolyte, prepared via in situ polymerization in an all-fluorinated electrolyte, shows adequate ionic conductivity (around 2 mS cm
at 25 °C), oxidation stability (up to 5.5 V vs Li/Li
), compatibility with Li metal and safety aspects (i.e., non-flammability). The polymeric electrolyte allows for a reversible insertion of hexafluorophosphate anions into the conductive graphite (i.e., dual-ion mechanism) after the removal of Li ions from Li-rich oxide (i.e., rocking-chair mechanism).
In this work, we propose a novel electrolyte additive phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfide (PTS) to improve the interfacial stability of high voltage lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4) ...cathode/electrolyte. At 1C rate, addition of 0.5% PTS improves the capacity retention of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 from 65% to 84% after 450 cycles at room temperature, and from 64% to 95% after 100 cycles at evaluate temperature. Density functional theory calculation and experimental characterization demonstrate that PTS oxidizes preferentially to the carbonate base electrolyte, generating a SEI film, which effectively suppresses the continuous decomposition of carbonate base electrolyte and the structural destruction of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4.
Addition of 0.5% PTS significantly improves the cyclic stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 at room and elevated temperature. Display omitted
•PTS is used as a novel electrolyte additive for high voltage lithium ion battery.•Addition of 0.5% PTS significantly improves the cyclic stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.•PTS is oxidized preferably to carbonate solvents forming a SEI film.•The film improves the interfacial stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/electrolyte.
All‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries are characterized as low cost and have high energy density, providing wearable devices with an ideal power source. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction and ...evolution reactions in air cathodes are obstacles to its flexible and rechargeable application. Herein, a strategy called MOF‐on‐MOF (MOF, metal‐organic framework) is presented for the structural design of air cathodes, which creatively develops an efficient oxygen catalyst comprising hierarchical Co3O4 nanoparticles anchored in nitrogen‐doped carbon nano‐micro arrays on flexible carbon cloth (Co3O4@N‐CNMAs/CC). This hierarchical and free‐standing structure design guarantees high catalyst loading on air cathodes with multiple electrocatalytic activity sites, undoubtedly boosting reaction kinetics, and energy density of an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery. The integrated Co3O4@N‐CNMAs/CC cathode in an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery exhibits a high open circuit potential of 1.461 V, a high capacity of 815 mAh g−1 Zn at 1 mA cm−2, a high energy density of 1010 Wh kg−1 Zn, excellent cycling stability as well as outstanding mechanical flexibility, significantly outperforming the Pt/C‐based cathode. This work opens a new door for the practical applications of rechargeable zinc–air batteries in wearable electronic devices.
The unique hierarchical 3D‐on‐2D (dimension) architecture, creatively develops an efficient bifunctional oxygen catalyst comprising hierarchical Co3O4 nanoparticles anchored in nitrogen‐doped carbon nano‐micro arrays on flexible carbon cloth for an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery, featuring multiple electrocatalytic activity sites. Further, it also opens new doors for the practical applications of zinc–air batteries in wearable electronic devices.
Enabling fast ion diffusion in thick electrodes (100–200 µm, ~ 10 mg cm−2) is critical for their practical application in state-of-the-art supercapacitors (SCs). We developed a three-dimensional (3D) ...boron, nitrogen, and phosphorus ternary-doped holey graphene hydrogel (BNP-HGH) film to achieve an optimized porous structure with a high electrical conductivity, large ion accessible surface area, efficient electron and ion transport pathways, as well as high ion adsorption capacity. The binder-free BNP-HGH electrode can deliver a specific capacitance of 350 F g−1 and a volumetric capacity of 234 F cm−3, which are the best performance reported so far for graphene-based SCs using an organic electrolyte. Fully packaged SCs using the BNP-HGH electrodes with a commercial level graphene mass loading (150 µm, ~ 10 mg cm−2) can deliver ultrahigh stack gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 38.5 Wh kg−1 and 57.4 Wh L−1, respectively, which are comparable to those of lead-acid batteries (35–40 Wh kg−1 and 50–90 Wh L−1) while maintaining an ultrahigh power density of 83 kW kg−1 (~ 55 kW L−1) as well as a long cycle life (81.3% capacitance retention over 50,000 cycles). The high energy and power densities bridge the gap between traditional SCs and batteries, and should be very useful in practical applications.
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•A three-dimensional ternary doped holey graphene hydrogel (BNP-HGH) film is developed.•The BNP-HGH film electrode delivers a superior capacitance of 350 F g−1 (234 F cm−3).•It exhibits ultrahigh energy density even with a high mass loading of 10 mg cm-2.•The assembled device shows an impressive stack energy density of 57.4 Wh L−1.
Abstract
Spray drying and a direct carbonization technology were coupled to prepare nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (NMCs) using chitosan as a carbon source and nitrogen source ...precursor and a triblock amphiphilic copolymer (F127) as a soft template, then oxidative modification was performed by ammonium persulfate (APS) to prepare oxidized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (O-NMCs). The pore structure, chemical composition and wettability of the mesoporous materials were studied before and after oxidative modification, the microscopic morphology, structure, composition and wetting performance of the mesoporous carbon were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), N
2
adsorption–desorption instrument, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle tests and other analyses, meanwhile influences of the mesoporous carbon material on adsorption and release performance of a poorly-soluble antitumor drug hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) were investigated. It was demonstrated from results that the surface wettability of the oxidatively-modified mesoporous carbon material was improved, the contact angle of the mesoporous carbon materials was reduced from 133.4° to 58.2° and the saturated adsorption capacity of HCPT was 676.97 mg/g and 647.20 mg/g respectively. The dissolution rate of the raw material hydroxycamptothecin was improved due to the nanopore structure of the mesoporous carbon material, the dissolution rate of mesoporous carbon material-loaded hydroxycamptothecin was increased from 22.7% to respective 83.40% and 81.11%.
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•Dietary components such as polyphenols with antioxidant activity are released after in vitro digestion of EUO leaves.•EUO leaves could modulate intestinal microbiota composition and ...metabolism.•EUO leaves could protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier and reduce the inflammatory response.•EUO leaves have prebiotic potential and may improve gastrointestinal health.
In this study, the effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) leaves, both young and mature, on intestinal health were evaluated using in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation model. During the digestion phase, we observed that digestive enzymes gradually released polyphenols from the EUO leaves. Notably, the digestion products of EUO young leaves (EUO-YL) had higher polyphenol content and antioxidant activity compared to those of EUO mature leaves (EUO-ML). In the fermentation stage, the digestion products of EUO leaves effectively modulated the gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundances of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria, leading to higher SCFAs concentrations in the EUO leaf supplement groups. Additionally, the fermentation products of EUO leaves improved intestinal barrier function and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in Caco-2/THP1 co-cultures exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our research supports the potential of EUO leaves as a functional food source for the prevention or treatment of related diseases.
In situ nitrogen-doped hydrophilic mesoporous carbon spheres with different carbon-to-silicon (C/Si) ratios (NMCs-
x
/3,
x
= 5, 6, 7, and 8) were prepared by one-step method coupled with a spray ...drying and carbonizing technique, in which triblock copolymer (F127) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were used as template agents, and biocompatible chitosan (CS) was used as the carbon source and nitrogen source. These carbon materials were characterized by TG, BET, XRD, Raman, FTIR, TEM, XPS, and contact angle measuring device. The adsorption and release properties of mesoporous carbon materials for the poorly soluble antitumor drug hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) were investigated. Results showed that nanospherical mesoporous carbon materials were successfully prepared with high specific surface area (2061.6 m
2
/g), narrowly pore size distribution (2.01–3.65 nm), and high nitrogen content (4.75–6.04%). Those NMCs-
x
showed a satisfactory hydrophilicity, which gradually increased with the increasing of surface N content. And the better hydrophilicity of NMCs-
x
was, the larger adsorption capacity for HCPT. The absorption capacity of NMCs-
x
towards HCPT was in the following orders:
q
NMCs-5/3
> q
NMCs-6/3
> q
NMCs-7/3
> q
NMCs-8/3
. NMCs-5/3 had the largest saturated adsorption capacity of HCPT (1013.51 mg g
−1
) and higher dissolution rate (93.75%).
•TMB is effective as electrolyte additive for improving cyclic stability of high voltage LiCoO2/graphite battery.•TMB is oxidized preferentially to electrolyte, forming a compact and thin protective ...film on LiCoO2.•This film protects LiCoO2 from destruction and suppresses electrolyte decomposition.
Trimethylboroxine (TMB) is used as electrolyte additive to improve the cyclic stability of LiCoO2/graphite full cell under high voltage. It is found that capacity retention of LiCoO2/graphite cell at 0.3C rate after 200 cycles between 3.0∼4.5V is improved from 29 % to 66 % by applying 0.5 % (by weight) TMB in EC-based electrolyte. Charge-discharge tests on graphite/Li and LiCoO2/Li half cells demonstrate that the improvement in cyclic stability of the full cell results from the contribution of TMB to the enforced stability of LiCoO2 cathode. Cyclic voltammogram shows that TMB is oxidized preferentially to the EC-based electrolyte, while physical characterizations, from SEM, TEM, FTIR and XPS, indicate that TMB helps build a thin but protective film on LiCoO2, which improves the interfacial stability of high voltage electrode/electrolyte.
Objectives
This study aimed to identify colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated phylogenetic and functional bacterial features by a large-scale metagenomic sequencing and develop a binomial classifier to ...accurately distinguish between CRC patients and healthy individuals.
Methods
We conducted shotgun metagenomic analyses of fecal samples from a ZhongShanMed discovery cohort of 121 CRC and 52 controls and SouthernMed validation cohort of 67 CRC and 44 controls. Taxonomic profiling and quantification were performed by direct sequence alignment against genome taxonomy database (GTDB). High-quality reads were also aligned to IGC datasets to obtain functional profiles defined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) classifier was constructed to quantify risk scores of probability of disease and to discriminate CRC from normal for discovery, validation, Fudan, GloriousMed, and HongKong cohorts.
Results
A diverse spectrum of bacterial and fungi species were found to be either enriched (368) or reduced (113) in CRC patients (q<0.05). Similarly, metabolic functions associated with biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids were significantly altered (q<0.05). The LASSO regression analysis of significant changes in the abundance of microbial species in CRC achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of 0.94 and 0.91 in the ZhongShanMed and SouthernMed cohorts, respectively. A further analysis of Fudan, GloriousMed, and HK cohorts using the same classification model also demonstrated AUROC of 0.80, 0.78, and 0.91, respectively. Moreover, major CRC-associated bacterial biomarkers identified in this study were found to be coherently enriched or depleted across 10 metagenomic sequencing studies of gut microbiota.
Conclusion
A coherent signature of CRC-associated bacterial biomarkers modeled on LASSO binomial classifier maybe used accurately for early detection of CRC.
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