Childhood family risks (CFRs) are believed to have long-arm effects on people's mental health. However, it is unclear whether age can alleviate these long-arm effects.
This study aimed to explore the ...relationship between CFRs and the mental health of older adults (mean
= 62.10, standard deviation SD = 8.02) in China and investigate whether age could moderate this relationship.
This cross-sectional, survey-based study used data from the Chinese General Social Survey conducted in 2015, and the data of 4,237 respondents were included in the final analysis. Mental health was measured by two items, namely negative and positive emotions. The step-by-step regression procedure and moderation analysis technique were used.
For older adults in China, CFRs were significantly negatively associated with their mental health (β = -0.046,
= -2.690,
< 0.01), age was positively correlated with their mental health (β = 0.115,
= 7.157,
< 0.01), and age significantly moderated the relationship between CFRs and mental health (β = 0.277,
= 2.172,
< 0.05). As age increases, the correlation between CFRs and mental health decreases, and when age is one SD above the M, CFRs are no longer significantly associated with the mental health level (
= -0.01,
= -0.077,
> 0.05).
This study showed that CFRs were negatively associated with the mental health level of older Chinese adults, and age could significantly moderate the association. Therefore, it is essential to take preventive measures in advance to protect people's mental health and teach older adults to use emotion-regulation techniques to weaken the association between CFRs and mental health.
We aim to investigate the long-term effects of early adversity on university students' mental health and the mitigating role of physical exercise on this effect.
The survey sample consisted of 895 ...college students. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and moderating effect analysis were used to analyze the results.
(1) Early adversity negatively predict mental health level (
= -0.109,
= -4.981,
< 0.01); (2) Physical exercise can effectively mitigate the long-term harm of early adversity to mental health (
= 0.039,
= 2.001,
0.05); compared to low-level physical exercise (
= -0. 067,
= -7.88,
< 0.01), high-level physical exercise can mitigate the long-term harm of early adversity to mental health (
= -0, 025,
= -2. 37,
0.01).
Early adversity affects the mental health of university students, but physical exercise can effectively mitigate this effect.
Single-atom catalysts represent a unique catalytic system with high atomic utilization and tunable reaction pathway. Despite current successes in their optimization and tailoring through structural ...and synthetic innovations, there is a lack of dynamic modulation approach for the single-atom catalysis. Inspired by the electrostatic interaction within specific natural enzymes, here we show the performance of model single-atom catalysts anchored on two-dimensional atomic crystals can be systematically and efficiently tuned by oriented external electric fields. Superior electrocatalytic performance have been achieved in single-atom catalysts under electrostatic modulations. Theoretical investigations suggest a universal "onsite electrostatic polarization" mechanism, in which electrostatic fields significantly polarize charge distributions at the single-atom sites and alter the kinetics of the rate determining steps, leading to boosted reaction performances. Such field-induced on-site polarization offers a unique strategy for simulating the catalytic processes in natural enzyme systems with quantitative, precise and dynamic external electric fields.
In general, carbon materials with high specific surface area (SSA), well-balanced pore size distributions, and appropriate content of heteroatom functionalities are essential to enhance the ...performance of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) for capacitive energy storage. In this study, a low-cost biological waste-stiff silkworm was first used as precursor for the synthesis of well-developed microporous carbon (SSMC) material by simple steps of carbonization and further activation. The SSMC was endowed with ultra-high SSA (2523m2g−1), large pore volume (1.37m3g−1), and high content of heteroatom functionalities (∼3.5 at% N and ∼5.1 at% O). EDLCs employed SSMC as active material showed high specific capacitance of 304Fg−1 and 256Fg−1 at current densities of 1Ag−1 and 20Ag−1, respectively, suggesting the good rate capability. Symmetric-two-electrode test in aqueous electrolyte also delivered the specific capacitance of 235Fg−1 with the energy density of ∼7.9Whkg−1. The findings confirmed the feasible way that using the eco-friendly biomass raw material to construct high performance capacitive energy storage device.
Background Health has effects on children’s academic performance. Qi deficiency is generally used to assess an individual’s health in the Chinese traditional medicine theory. This study explores the ...effects of qi deficiency on children’s academic performance and examines whether mental fatigue mediates these effects. Methods A total of 550 students aged 10–13 in fifth-grade were surveyed in a big primary school in Sichuan Province in November 2023 using paper-pencil-based questionnaires. Qi deficiency and mental fatigue were assessed, and exam scores in Chinese and Mathematics were recorded. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyses were used to test the mediation model and hypotheses. Results The fifth-grade students had mild qi deficiency (M = 2.09) and a mild state of mental fatigue (M = 2.38) on a five-point Likert scale. The average exam scores in Mathematics and Chinese were 70.07 and 74.44 points out of 100, respectively. Qi deficiency was associated with Mathematics scores ( r = −0.37, p < 0.01) and Chinese scores ( r = −0.30, p < 0.01), and mental fatigue ( r = 0.47, p < 0.01). Furthermore, mental fatigue was associated with Mathematics scores ( r = −0.46, p < 0.01) and Chinese scores ( r = −0.34, p < 0.01). Linear regression analyses showed that qi deficiency significantly predicted Mathematics scores ( β = −0.26, p < 0.01), Chinese scores ( β = −0.19, p < 0.01), and mental fatigue ( β = 0.41, p < 0.01). When qi deficiency was controlled for, mental fatigue significantly predicted Mathematics scores ( β = −0.28, p < 0.01) and Chinese scores ( β = −0.17, p < 0.01). Conclusion The mediation model and hypotheses were well supported, indicating that mental fatigue mediated the influence of qi deficiency on academic performance of fifth-grade students. Furthermore, the mediation effect of mental fatigue on Mathematics scores was a little stronger than that on Chinese scores.
Display omitted
•UiO-66-NH2 with different kinds of defects were synthesized.•UiO-66-NH2-LV with ligand vacancy exhibits the best photocatalytic activity.•DFT calculations reveal UiO-66-NH2-LV has ...the lowest sum of Eabs and ELMCT in the photocatalytic process.
Defects in MOFs can benefit light absorption and charge transfer for photocatalytic application, nevertheless, studies on interplay between structural defects and photocatalytic properties of MOFs are in infancy. Herein, a series of UiO-66-NH2 with different kinds of defects were created for regulating CO2 photocatalytic reduction. Theoretical calculations in combination with experimental data verified that the sample with ligand-vacant (UiO-66-NH2-LV) defect performed better than non-defect, missing-cluster and monocarboxylate compensated ones in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. UiO-66-NH2-LV shows superior photocatalytic activity with the highest CO yield of 30.5 μmol g−1h−1, which is 9.2 times higher than that of the sample with missing-cluster (UiO-66-NH2-MC), as well as the highest quantum yield (QY) of 0.90%. DFT calculations further demonstrate the correlation between discriminative photocatalytic activities in defect structures and tunable electronic properties characterized by absorption energy, Eabs, and charge transfer energy, ELMCT, in the photocatalytic process. The ligand-vacant defect with the lowest sum of Eabs and ELMCT will lower photocatalytic reaction energy barrier in the rate-limiting step among the elementary reaction step during CO2 photoreduction. The insights gained from this study will guide the MOFs defect-engineering for enhancing CO2 photocatalytic capacity.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress from simple steatosis (i.e., nonalcoholic fatty liver NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and cancer. Currently, the driver ...for this progression is not fully understood; in particular, it is not known how NAFLD and its early progression affects the distribution of lipids in the liver, producing lipotoxicity and inflammation. In this study, we used dietary and genetic mouse models of NAFL and NASH and translated the results to humans by correlating the spatial distribution of lipids in liver tissue with disease progression using advanced mass spectrometry imaging technology. We identified several lipids with distinct zonal distributions in control and NAFL samples and observed partial to complete loss of lipid zonation in NASH. In addition, we found increased hepatic expression of genes associated with remodeling the phospholipid membrane, release of arachidonic acid (AA) from the membrane, and production of eicosanoid species that promote inflammation and cell injury. The results of our immunohistochemistry analyses suggest that the zonal location of remodeling enzyme LPCAT2 plays a role in the change in spatial distribution for AA‐containing lipids. This results in a cycle of AA‐enrichment in pericentral hepatocytes, membrane release of AA, and generation of proinflammatory eicosanoids and may account for increased oxidative damage in pericentral regions in NASH. Conclusion: NAFLD is associated not only with lipid enrichment, but also with zonal changes of specific lipids and their associated metabolic pathways. This may play a role in the heterogeneous development of NAFLD. (Hepatology 2017;65:1165‐1180)
Chronic inflammation is a well-known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation-related GC progression are incompletely ...defined.
Bioinformatic analysis was performed based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the expression of miR-26b-5p in GC cells and tissues was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was examined through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, flow cytometry, and tumor xenografts. Correlation between miR-26b-5p and Cyclin dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) or Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The effect of miR-26b-5p on the Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was investigated using Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The impact of STAT3 on miR-26b-5p was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assays and qRT-PCR.
The expression of miR-26b-5p was significantly downregulated in Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori)-infected GC cells. The decreased expression of miR-26b-5p was also detected in GC cells and tissues compared to normal gastric epithelium cells (GES1) and normal adjacent gastric tissues. The low expression of miR-26b-5p promoted GC proliferation in vitro and in vivo and was related to the poor outcome of GC patients. In terms of mechanism, miR-26b-5p directly targeted PDE4B and CDK8, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, which was associated with the regulation of GC proliferation by miR-26b-5p. Notably, miR-26b-5p was transcriptionally suppressed by STAT3, thus forming the miR-26b-5p-PDE4B/CDK8-STAT3 positive feedback loop.
The newly identified miR-26b-5p-PDE4B/CDK8-STAT3 feedback loop plays an important role in inflammation-related GC progression and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for GC.
Display omitted
•The developed atomistic model achieves Young’s modulus prediction error of under 5% for mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers.•The diverse strengths of interactions among adjacent ...graphene nanoribbons lead to the emergence of distinct failure modes.•Active graphene edges strengthen the defective region, thus modifying load redistribution and improving structure strength.
Mesophase pitch (MPP)-based carbon fibers exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, notably an exceptionally high Young’s modulus. Despite extensive investigations into the microstructure of MPP-based carbon fibers, the influence of these factors on deformation mechanisms under tension remains unclear. This study employs the continuous defective graphene nanoribbons (dGNR) atomistic structure model for molecular dynamics simulations to explore the tensile failure mechanisms of MPP-based carbon fibers. In the simulation model, the structure of the defective region was generated through high-temperature annealing, and a transition region was introduced to prevent distortion and damage to the active graphene edges. The simulation reveals the evolutionary process of the microstructure of MPP-based carbon fibers under tension and achieves Young’s modulus predictions with greater accuracy than theoretical models. Additionally, the study shows that different strengths of interactions between adjacent graphene nanoribbons can lead to two distinct failure modes. Models with larger crystallite dimensions along the fiber axis and lower average defective concentrations exhibit geometric deformation coordination between adjacent nanoribbons, potentially elucidating the increasing strength trend in MPP-based carbon fibers with rising graphitization levels. Our simulations provide insights into the tensile failure mechanisms of MPP-based carbon fibers, offering valuable guidance for regulating their microstructure to enhance mechanical performance.
The tau protein is central to the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, a subset of frontotemporal dementias, progressive supranuclear palsy and dementia ...following traumatic brain injury, yet the proteins it interacts with have not been studied using a systematic discovery approach. Here we employed mild in vivo crosslinking, isobaric labeling, and tandem mass spectrometry to characterize molecular interactions of human tau in a neuroblastoma cell model. The study revealed a robust association of tau with the ribonucleoproteome, including major protein complexes involved in RNA processing and translation, and documented binding of tau to several heat shock proteins, the proteasome and microtubule-associated proteins. Follow-up experiments determined the relative contribution of cellular RNA to the tau interactome and mapped interactions to N- or C-terminal tau domains. We further document that expression of P301L mutant tau disrupts interactions of the C-terminal half of tau with heat shock proteins and the proteasome. The data are consistent with a model whereby a higher propensity of P301L mutant tau to aggregate may reflect a perturbation of its chaperone-assisted stabilization and proteasome-dependent degradation. Finally, using a global proteomics approach, we show that heterologous expression of a tau construct that lacks the C-terminal domain, including the microtubule binding domain, does not cause a discernible shift of the proteome except for a significant direct correlation of steady-state levels of tau and cystatin B.
PDF
