The practical area of “piano performance” is one of the core areas in the piano classroom, and performance skills need to be applied in the practical area of “piano performance”. In this paper, the ...Leap Motion algorithm is used to extract the piano gesture movements, and the frame-by-frame processing is performed to encode the velocity direction of the fingers during the piano performance. Probabilistic predictions for forward and backward algorithmic sequences of fingers during playing are generated by using the HMM algorithm. To improve piano fingering automatic labeling, we propose combining the HMM algorithm with the judgment HMM algorithm and the Viterbi improvement algorithm for prioritizing piano fingering knowledge. The quantitative evaluation system for piano performance fingering is established to evaluate fingering in piano performance and check the performance scoring of the piano. The selection process included selecting three music clips that had a scoring rate above 0.8764, a gap between them that was not more than 0.06, and superior piano fingering generation quality. In the pre-post performance scoring of each dimension, the performer’s overall performance of the work on the overall appearance of the highest score, the highest score reached 84, the average score of 72.565, the piano performance of the follow-up effect is better. The assisted piano performance practice through digital technology helps piano players improve their performance skills and provides theoretical and practical references for the exploration of piano performance.
In this paper, based on the mathematical description of chord tone groups, the gesture features extracted for the back of the hand, as well as the playing characteristics of different fingers, are ...different, and a neural network is used to extract the gesture features and information in the piano performance process. From the perspective of piano performance gesture features, combined with the two-way LSTM layer and attention mechanism layer in the neural network and the Softmax classification algorithm, we constructed a neural network model for piano performance evaluation based on digitalized elements and used the data analysis software to analyze the influence of the effect of piano performance based on digitalized elements in an example. The results show that the influence and dissemination evaluation value of the performance effect of the piano repertoire of “Canon” is the highest, with values of 0.85 and 0.712, respectively, and the influence and dissemination evaluation value of the performance effect of the piano repertoire of “To Alice” is the lowest, with the values of 0.06 and 0.05 respectively, which indicates to a certain extent that the digitalized elements have a facilitating role in the enhancement of the influence and dissemination of the piano performance. When in the ‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’, and ‘X’ gesture states, the index, middle, ring, and little fingers have a high degree of bending, respectively. The index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger have high bending degrees, respectively, and the values are all greater than 73, which confirms that the characterization of playing gestures in piano performance based on digitized elements is of great significance in improving the influence of piano performance effect.
Oxidative stress defines a condition in which the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the cell is disturbed, resulting in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ...ultimately compromising cells' viability. Probiotics have been known for many beneficial health effects, and the consumption of probiotics alone or in food shows that strain-specific probiotics can present antioxidant activity and reduce damages caused by oxidation. However, the oxidation-resistant ability of probiotics, especially the underling mechanisms, is not properly understood. In this view, there is interest to figure out the antioxidant property of probiotics and summarize the mode of action of probiotic bacteria in antioxidation. Therefore, in the present paper, the antioxidant mechanisms of probiotics have been reviewed in terms of their ability to improve the antioxidant system and their ability to decrease radical generation. Since in recent years, oxidative stress has been associated with an altered gut microbiota, the effects of probiotics on intestinal flora composition are also elaborated.
•Discover competitive cracking behavior in accelerated CCF failure for turbine blades.•Find crack initiation change from slip planes to metallic pores and carbides, to oxides.•Reveal damage ...mechanisms in acceleration states by microstructural dominant features.•The source of cracking transition from transgranular to intergranular mode is the detected behavior.•Provide a promising mechanism insight for CCF estimation and acceleration test.
The cracking behavior and microscopic mechanism of K403 superalloy turbine blade are investigated respecting the Combined high and low Cycle Fatigue (CCF) with four acceleration states. It concludes that: (1) the crack initiation sites transform from slip planes inside alloy matrix to subsurface pores and carbides, then to oxides outside surface with increasing loads; (2) the behavior in (1) is attributed to the competition and alliance of different microstructural factors and the interaction of the factors with grain boundaries; (3) hereinto, the role shift of high cycle fatigue in CCF causes the transformation of transgranular to intergranular cracking mode.
Upon shearing a microscale lithographically defined graphite mesa, the sheared section retracts spontaneously to minimize interface energy. Here, we demonstrate a sixfold symmetry of the ...self-retraction and provide a first experimental estimate of the frictional force involved, as direct evidence that the self-retraction is due to superlubricity, where ultralow friction occurs between incommensurate surfaces. The effect is remarkable because it occurs reproducibly under ambient conditions and over a contact area of up to 10×10 μm2, more than 7 orders of magnitude larger than previous scanning-probe-based studies of superlubricity in graphite. By analyzing the sheared interface, we show how the grain structure of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite determines the probability of self-retraction. Our results demonstrate that such self-retraction provides a novel probe of superlubricity, and the robustness of the phenomenon opens the way for practical applications of superlubricity in micromechanical systems.
The definition of rectosigmoid junction (RSJ) is still in debate. The treatment and prognosis of patients with rectosigmoid junction cancer (RSJC) and positive lymph nodes (PLN-RSJCs) are mostly ...based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Our study aims to assist clinicians in creating a more intuitive and accurate nomogram model for PLN-RSJCs for the prediction of patient overall survival (OS) after surgery.
Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we extracted 3384 patients with PLN-RSJCs and randomly divided them into development (n = 2344) and validation (n = 1004) cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Using univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis, we identified independent risk factors associated with OS in PLN-RSJCs in the development cohort, which were further used to establish a nomogram model. To verify the accuracy of the model, the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and an internal validation cohort have been employed. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical applicability and benefits of the generated model. Survival curves of the low- and high-risk groups were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method together with the log-rank test.
Age, marital, chemotherapy, AJCC stage, T and N stage of TNM system, tumor size, and regional lymph nodes were selected as independent risk factors and included in the nomogram model. The C-index of this nomogram in the development (0.751;0.737-0.765) and validation cohorts (0.750;0.764-0.736) were more significant than that of the AJCC 7th staging system (0.681; 0.665-0.697). The ROC curve with the calculated area under the curve (AUC) in the development cohort was 0.845,0.808 and 0.800 for 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS, AUC in the validation cohort was 0.815,0.833 and 0.814 for 1-year, 3-year and 5-year, respectively. The calibration plots of both cohorts for 1-year,3-year and 5-year OS all demonstrated good agreement between actual clinical observations and predicted outcomes. In the development cohort, the DCA showed that the nomogram prediction model is more advantageous for clinical application than the AJCC 7th staging system. Kaplan-Meier curves in the low and high groups showed significant difference in patient OS.
We established an accurate nomogram model for PLN-RSJCs, intended to support clinicians in the treatment and follow-up of patients.
Diabetic complications, especially diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and painful diabetic neuropathy, account for a large portion of patients with diabetes and display rising global ...prevalence. They are the leading causes of blindness, kidney failure and hypersensitivity to pain caused by diabetes. Current approved therapeutics against the diabetic complications are few and exhibit limited efficacy. The enhanced cell-specificity, stability, biocompatibility, and loading capacity of drugs are essential for the mitigation of diabetic complications. In the article, we have critically discussed the recent studies over the past two years in material sciences and biochemistry. The insightful concepts in these studies drive the development of novel nanoparticles and mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles to meet the need for treatment of diabetic complications. Their underlying biochemical principles, advantages and limitations have been in-depth analyzed. The nanoparticles discussed in the article include double-headed nanodelivery system, nanozyme, ESC-HCM-B system, soft polymer nanostars, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and hydrogels. They ameliorate the diabetic complication through attenuation of inflammation, apoptosis and restoration of metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles efficiently deliver therapeutic proteins to the retinal cells to suppress the angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress to reverse diabetic retinopathy. Collectively, we provide a critical discussion on the concept, mechanism and therapeutic applicability of new delivery tools to treat these three devastating diabetic complications.
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•Double-headed nanoparticles increase the uptake and loading capacity of drugs.•ESC-HCM-B system enhances the specificity, stability and biocompatibility of drugs.•MSC-EVs deliver therapeutic proteins to the retina to suppress diabetic retinopathy.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe systemic and inflammatory subtype of nonsalcoholic fatty liver disease, eventually develops into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with few options ...for effective treatment. Currently potent small molecules identified in preclinical studies are confronted with adverse effects and long-term ineffectiveness in clinical trials. Nevertheless, highly specific delivery tools designed from interdisciplinary concepts may address the significant challenges by either effectively increasing the concentrations of drugs in target cell types, or selectively manipulating the gene expression in liver to resolve NASH.
We focus on dissecting the detailed principles of the latest interdisciplinary advances and concepts that direct the design of future delivery tools to enhance the efficacy. Recent advances have indicated that cell and organelle-specific vehicles, non-coding RNA research (e.g. saRNA, hybrid miRNA) improve the specificity, while small extracellular vesicles and coacervates increase the cellular uptake of therapeutics. Moreover, strategies based on interdisciplinary advances drastically elevate drug loading capacity and delivery efficiency and ameliorate NASH and other liver diseases.
The latest concepts and advances in chemistry, biochemistry and machine learning technology provide the framework and strategies for the design of more effective tools to treat NASH, other pivotal liver diseases and metabolic disorders.
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•Membrane antigens mediate the specific delivery of therapeutics into major subsets of liver cells to suppress NASH.•Targeting mitochondria-located circRNAs specifically resolves the inflammation in NASH.•Coacervate and small extracellular vesicle greatly enhance the hepatic delivery efficiency of non-coding RNA to treat NASH.•Machine-learning technology significantly increase the drug loading capacity in treating liver diseases.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of Chinese yellow-feathered broilers. Growing broilers ...were fed the basal diet or diets supplemented with 300 or 600 mg/kg PCA, or 200 mg/kg enramycin for 52 D. We found that addition of 300 mg/kg PCA significantly increased body weight, live weight, and carcass weight and decreased the feed to gain ratio of broilers; PCA improved meat quality through reducing shear force, and increasing a* (relative redness) and decreasing b* (relative yellowness) at 24 h after slaughter. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and diamine oxidase in plasma were significantly decreased by administration of 300 mg/kg PCA; PCA also significantly increased total antioxidant capability and decreased malondialdehyde content and activity of xanthine oxidase in liver. Meanwhile, it enhanced activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase in the jejunal mucosa. Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β were significantly increased in jejunal mucosa and plasma of 300 mg/kg PCA diet group, whereas interluekin-2 and interferon-γ dropped dramatically. Moreover, relative expression of apoptosis-related genes decreased in liver, whereas that of intestinal barrier-related and immunity-related genes increased in jejunum. Furthermore, 300 mg/kg PCA treatment significantly changed α-diversity and structure of the cecal microflora in broilers, with increasing relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria while reducing Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. These results indicated that PCA improved the feed efficiency, growth performance, meat quality of broilers, and antioxidant capacity. It also enhanced intestinal immune function and improved the structure of intestinal flora to favor improved intestinal health in Chinese yellow-feathered broilers.
To reveal the effect of vein-bionic surface textures on the tribological behavior of cylindrical roller thrust bearings (CRTBs) under starved lubrication, six kinds of leaves (Forsythia, Clausena ...lansiu, Ash, Purple leaf plum, Pipal and Apricot) were chose and their simplified patterns were fabricated on the shaft washers of CRTBs using laser surface texturing. The coefficients of friction (COFs) of vein-bionic textured bearings were measured using a vertical universal wear test rig. Their mass losses and worn surfaces were also characterized. The results show that: There is important influence of the symmetry of vein-bionic textures and the number of secondary veins on the friction and wear properties of vein-bionic textured CRTBs under starved lubrication. Compared to the smooth group, the COFs and mass losses of vein-bionic textured bearings are all reduced. Among all groups, the tribological performance of bearings with a pattern inspired from Ash is the best. Its wear loss is reduced by 16.23% and its COF is reduced by 15.79%. This work would provide a valuable reference for the raceway design and optimization of roller rolling element bearings.
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