Despite the importance of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the immune cell landscape in the lung tissue of patients with mild-moderate disease has not been well ...characterized at the single-cell and molecular level.
To define the immune cell landscape in lung tissue from patients with mild-moderate COPD at single-cell resolution.
We performed single-cell transcriptomic, proteomic, and T-cell receptor repertoire analyses on lung tissue from patients with mild-moderate COPD (
= 5, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease I or II), emphysema without airflow obstruction (
= 5), end-stage COPD (
= 2), control (
= 6), or donors (
= 4). We validated in an independent patient cohort (
= 929) and integrated with the
murine model of COPD.
Mild-moderate COPD lungs have increased abundance of two CD8
T cell subpopulations: cytotoxic KLRG1
TIGIT
CX3CR1
TEMRA (T effector memory CD45RA
) cells, and DNAM-1
CCR5
T resident memory (T
) cells. These CD8
T cells interact with myeloid and alveolar type II cells via
and have hyperexpanded T-cell receptor clonotypes. In an independent cohort, the CD8
KLRG1
TEMRA cells are increased in mild-moderate COPD lung compared with control or end-stage COPD lung. Human CD8
KLRG1
TEMRA cells are similar to CD8
T cells driving inflammation in an aging-related murine model of COPD.
CD8
TEMRA cells are increased in mild-moderate COPD lung and may contribute to inflammation that precedes severe disease. Further study of these CD8
T cells may have therapeutic implications for preventing severe COPD.
Asian children born in Australia had a higher risk of food-induced anaphylaxis (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.16-1.94), including anaphylaxis to peanut, tree nuts, soy, wheat and seafood (fish/shellfish), and ...non-food anaphylaxis (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.75-3.57) compared to non-Asian children. Interestingly, children born in Asia had a lower risk of food-induced anaphylaxis overall (OR 0.28, 95%CI 0.14-0.56) including anaphylaxis to milk, peanut and tree nuts, but higher risk of anaphylaxis to soy, wheat and non-food anaphylaxis (OR 2.28, 95%CI 1.41-3.69).
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an important mediators of T-cell activation in autoimmune diseases. The association of polymorphisms of CTLA gene with type 1 diabetes (T1D) ...has widely been reported; however, the results are inconsistent. To obtain further insight into this topic, we performed a meta-analysis of 52 studies involving a total of 11,017 cases and 14,191 controls for 49A/G (rs231775) polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene to evaluate the effect of CTLA-4 on genetic susceptibility for T1D. An overall random effects odds ratio of 1.41 (95% CI: 1.31–1.53, p<10−5) was found for G allele versus A allele. Significant results were also observed for heterozygous (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.16–1.45, p<10−5) and homozygous (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.66–2.31, p<10−5). When stratified by ethnicity, sample size, diagnostic criterion, HWE status, genotyping method, and onset types, significantly increased risks were found for the polymorphism in almost all genetic models. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression was used to identify potential source of heterogeneity. There was strong evidence of heterogeneity, which largely disappeared after stratification by ethnicity. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the G allele of rs231775 of CTLA-4 is a risk factor associated with increased T1D susceptibility.
► We assess CTLA-4 49A/G polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes risk using meta-analysis. ► CTLA-4 49A/G polymorphism exerted strong effect on genetic susceptibility for T1D. ► Magnitude of the effect of 49A/G varied among different ethnic populations. ► Source of heterogeneity and publication bias was systematically explored.
Na x MnO2 shows Mn3+ and Mn4+ charge separation with the charge stripe ordering upon Na deintercalation at x = 5/8. In this paper it is shown that, surprisingly, at lower Na compositions of 5/8 > x ≥ ...1/18 the phase evolution pathway of Na x MnO2 upon Na deintercalation shows a unique phenomenon of super charge separation, where the Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions fully charge-separate into charge superplanes formed by succession of charge stripes in the third dimension. The Mn3+ superplanes attract Na ions electronically, and dominate the antiferromagnetic interactions in NaMnO2. Na ions in Mn3+ superplanes also naturally pillar the MnO2 layers to form the unusual O1 phases with large interlayer distances at x < 1/3, which dominates the unique electrochemical behavior of NaMnO2.
Aim
To examine associations between patterns of language use and early adolescent well‐being.
Methods
Participants were 1763 Australian 11‐ to 12‐year‐olds in the Child Health CheckPoint. Six ...patterns of language use were identified from a writing activity using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and factor analysis: Acting in the present and future, Positive emotion, Gender and relationships, Self‐aware, Inquisitive and time focused, and Confident. Well‐being measures represented a spectrum from negatively to positively framed psychosocial health. Associations between language use and well‐being were estimated using linear regression adjusted for age, sex and social disadvantage.
Results
Positive emotion (high emotional tone, positive emotion) was associated with better general well‐being (standardised regression coefficient (SRC) 0.05; 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.11; p = 0.04), life satisfaction (0.06; 0.01 to 0.11; p = 0.03), psychosocial health (0.07; 0.02 to 0.12; p = 0.01) and quality of life (QoL) (0.06; 0.01 to 0.11; p = 0.02). Similarly, Self‐aware (high first person singular pronouns, authentic, low clout) was associated with better general well‐being, life satisfaction and psychosocial health (SRC 0.05, 0.09, 0.08), but Confident (high clout, first person plural pronouns, affiliation) was associated with worse life satisfaction, psychosocial health and QoL (SRC −0.06, −0.09, −0.06).
Conclusion
If replicated in ‘real‐world’ settings (e.g., social media), language patterns could provide naturalistic insights into early adolescents’ well‐being.
In recent years, the beneficial effects of silibinin (SIL) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have attracted widespread attention. We tried to study the intervention effect of SIL on NAFLD, ...and explore the potential mechanisms and targets of SIL on NAFLD improvement. Thirty-three male C57BL6/J mice were divided into three groups, and, respectively, fed a normal diet (ND), a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD given SIL treatment (HFD+SIL). Biochemical indexes and histopathological changes of mice in each group were detected. In addition, quantitative proteomics analysis based on tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and bioinformatics analysis was performed on protein changes in the livers. SIL could reduce the weight of mice, reduce liver lipid deposition, and improve glucose metabolism. Through comparison among the three experimental groups, a total of 30 overlapping proteins were found. These identified proteins were closely linked to liver lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Moreover, some drug targets were found, namely perilipin-2, phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN1, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, and glutathione S-transferase A1. In conclusions, high-fat diet increases the expressions of proteins implicated in lipid synthesis and transport in the liver, which can result in disorders of liver lipid metabolism. SIL can decrease liver lipid deposition and increase insulin sensitivity by regulating the expressions of these proteins. It not only improves the disorder of lipid metabolism in vivo, but also improves the disorder of glucose metabolism.
Nurturing relationships are crucial for adaptive child development. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether nature availability was associated with early nurturing parenting ...practices, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional function. Data were from the Australian Temperament Project (n = 809 infants to 515 parents residing in Victoria, Australia) and were linked cross-sectionally to residential greenness (i.e., Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index). There were no observable associations between residential greenness within a 1,600 m network radius and parenting practices, mother-infant bonding, or infant socioemotional function. The findings were largely corroborated by sensitivity analyses (i.e., NDVI within 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 m and distance to park). Shorter distances to a park were associated with less hostile parenting. More residential greenness (1,000 and 1,600 m) was associated with stronger father-infant bonding and more hostile parenting amongst the most stressed parents in exploratory analyses. Residential greenness might be a socioecological precursor for father-infant bonding.
Abstract TiO 2 has attracted much attention in the field of photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics due to its good photostability, nontoxicity, and low cost. However, the rapid recombination of ...photogenerated carriers limits the further improvement of its photocatalytic activity. Here, a facile microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method has been developed to prepare Pt clusters decorated TiO 2 nanoparticles. Pt clusters ranging in size from 1 to 2 nm are uniformly distributed across the surface of the TiO 2 matrix. A pronounced charge transfer phenomenon is discernible between the Pt and TiO 2 components. It is revealed that the charge transfer enables faster transfer and separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which are beneficial for the improvement of photocatalytic degradation of both ofloxacin and levofloxacin. The degradation capability can be attributed to the efficient generation of •OH or •O 2 − species within the solution. The parallel adsorption model of TiO 2 on antibiotic molecules is verified, and the degradation reaction pathway has been elucidated. This work provides a facile method for optimizing the performance of TiO 2 photocatalysts, which can be extended to other oxide photocatalysts.
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