In the field of nanoscience, there are a large number of new nanomaterials produced in the laboratory every year. These nanomaterials need to go through a lot of tests in engineering application ...before, to determine their physical, chemical and nanomedicine properties. The work demands a large number of experimental personnel, equipment and reagents, and it’s time-consuming as well. In the theoretical nanoscience, the various features can be obtained through the computation of topological index on nano molecular structures. In this paper, we study the fourth multiplicative atom-bond connectivity indices of some special molecular structures which commonly appeared in the compound of nanomaterials, and their specific expressions are given. The results yielded in this work will be a guidance for the practical nanoscience applications. Keywords: Theoretical nanoscience, Molecular structure, Fourth multiplicative atom-bond connectivity index, Dendrimer
In the field of medicine, there are a large number of new drugs synthesis every year. Before entering the clinical stage, it needs a lot of work on drug testing of the various properties. Due to the ...lack of a large number of laboratory technician, laboratory equipment and reagents, the drug testing of many biochemical properties are not completed. Theoretical medicine provides a theoretical way for medical researchers to obtain the pharmaceutical properties of compounds by calculation tricks. In this paper, the first multiplication atom-bond connectivity index of several common drugs structure are studied, and the accurate expressions are determined. These theoretical conclusions provide practical guiding significance for pharmaceutical engineering.
Summary
Sodium (Na+) is the major cation damaging crops in the salinised farmland. Previous studies have shown that the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway is important for salt tolerance in ...Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, the SOS pathway remains poorly investigated in most crops.
This study addresses the function of the SOS pathway and its association with the natural variation of salt tolerance in maize.
First, we showed that a naturally occurring 4‐bp frame‐shifting deletion in ZmSOS1 caused the salt hypersensitive phenotype of the maize inbred line LH65. Accordingly, mutants lacking ZmSOS1 also displayed a salt hypersensitive phenotype, due to an impaired root‐to‐rhizosphere Na+ efflux and an increased shoot Na+ concentration. We next showed that the maize SOS3/SOS2 complex (ZmCBL4/ZmCIPK24a and ZmCBL8/ZmCIPK24a) phosphorylates ZmSOS1 therefore activating its Na+‐transporting activity, with their loss‐of‐function mutants displaying salt hypersensitive phenotypes. Moreover, we observed that a LTR/Gypsy insertion decreased the expression of ZmCBL8, thereby increasing shoot Na+ concentration in natural maize population.
Taken together, our study demonstrated that the maize SOS pathway confers a conservative salt‐tolerant role, and the components of SOS pathway (ZmSOS1 and ZmCBL8) confer the natural variations of Na+ regulation and salt tolerance in maize, therefore providing important gene targets for breeding salt‐tolerant maize.
See also the Commentary on this article by Arciniegas Vega & Melino, 236: 313–315.
In theoretical medicine, topological indices are defined to test the medicine and pharmacy characteristics, such as melting point, boiling point, toxicity and other biological activities. As basic ...molecular structures, hexagonal jagged-rectangle and distance-regular structure are widely appeared in medicine, pharmacy and biology engineering. In this paper, we study the chemical properties of hexagonal jagged-rectangle from the mathematical point of view. Several vertex distance-based indices are determined. Furthermore, the Wiener related indices of distance-regular structure are also considered.
Spiral ganglion (SG) neurons of the cochlea convey all auditory inputs to the brain, yet the cellular and molecular complexity necessary to decode the various acoustic features in the SG has remained ...unresolved. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify four types of SG neurons, including three novel subclasses of type I neurons and the type II neurons, and provide a comprehensive genetic framework that define their potential synaptic communication patterns. The connectivity patterns of the three subclasses of type I neurons with inner hair cells and their electrophysiological profiles suggest that they represent the intensity-coding properties of auditory afferents. Moreover, neuron type specification is already established at birth, indicating a neuronal diversification process independent of neuronal activity. Thus, this work provides a transcriptional catalog of neuron types in the cochlea, which serves as a valuable resource for dissecting cell-type-specific functions of dedicated afferents in auditory perception and in hearing disorders.
Proprioceptive neurons (PNs) are essential for the proper execution of all our movements by providing muscle sensory feedback to the central motor network. Here, using deep single cell RNAseq of ...adult PNs coupled with virus and genetic tracings, we molecularly identify three main types of PNs (Ia, Ib and II) and find that they segregate into eight distinct subgroups. Our data unveil a highly sophisticated organization of PNs into discrete sensory input channels with distinct spatial distribution, innervation patterns and molecular profiles. Altogether, these features contribute to finely regulate proprioception during complex motor behavior. Moreover, while Ib- and II-PN subtypes are specified around birth, Ia-PN subtypes diversify later in life along with increased motor activity. We also show Ia-PNs plasticity following exercise training, suggesting Ia-PNs are important players in adaptive proprioceptive function in adult mice.
In this review, we discuss the parameters of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology used in finished parts made from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and also the possibility of printing small PEEK ...parts. The published articles reporting on 3D printed PEEK implants were obtained using PubMed and search engines such as Google Scholar including references cited therein. The results indicate that although many have been experiments conducted on PEEK 3D printing, the consensus on a suitable printing parameter combination has not been reached and optimized parameters for printing worth pursuing. The printing of reproducible tiny-sized PEEK parts with high accuracy has proved to be possible in our experiments. Understanding the relationships among material properties, design parameters, and the ultimate performance of finished objects will be the basis for further improvement of the quality of 3D printed medical devices based on PEEK and to expand the polymers applications.
Abstract
Making timely assessments of disease progression in patients with COVID-19 could help offer the best personalized treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore an effective model to ...predict the outcome of patients with COVID-19. We retrospectively included 188 patients (124 in the training set and 64 in the test set) diagnosed with COVID-19. Patients were divided into aggravation and improvement groups according to the disease progression. Three kinds of models were established, including the radiomics, clinical, and combined model. Receiver operating characteristic curves, decision curves, and Delong’s test were used to evaluate and compare the models. Our analysis showed that all the established prediction models had good predictive performance in predicting the progress and outcome of COVID-19.
Indocyanine green (ICG) is the most commonly used near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye in clinical practice, and its mediated near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology is gradually applied in ...clinical practice. It has shown great potential in invasive surgery (MIS) and is expected to become the standard technology for surgical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The clinical application of ICG fluorescence laparoscopy is reviewed here.
It was known that the vertex set of every planar graph can be partitioned into three forests. We prove that the vertex set of a planar graph without chordal 5-cycles can be partitioned into two ...forests. This extends a result obtained by Raspaud and Wang in 2008.
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