Abstract
Distribution network reliability statistics have always been an important indicator of the effectiveness of distribution network construction. In view of the characteristics of traditional ...manual statistics, such as heavy workload, low efficiency and poor accuracy, this paper starts from the demand of reliability analysis and combines with dispatching management system to realize automatic collection and recording of operation data related to reliability. Finally, according to the actual situation of the project site, a variety of distribution network reliability statistical methods are proposed.
Summary
The MADS box transcription factor RIN is a global regulator of fruit ripening. However, the direct targets modulated by RIN and the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation remain ...largely unknown. Here we identified 41 protein spots representing 35 individual genes as potential targets of RIN by comparative proteomic analysis of a rin mutant in tomato fruits. Gene expression analysis showed that the mRNA level of 26 genes correlated well with the protein level. After examining the promoter regions of the candidate genes, a variable number of RIN binding sites were found. Five genes (E8, TomloxC, PNAE, PGK and ADH2) were identified as novel direct targets of RIN by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The results of a gel mobility shift assay confirmed the direct binding of RIN to the promoters of these genes. Of the direct target genes, TomloxC and ADH2, which encode lipoxygenase (LOX) and alcohol dehydrogenase, respectively, are critical for the production of characteristic tomato aromas derived from LOX pathway. Further study indicated that RIN also directly regulates the expression of HPL, which encodes hydroperoxide lyase, another rate‐limiting enzyme in the LOX pathway. Loss of function of RIN causes de‐regulation of the LOX pathway, leading to a specific defect in the generation of aroma compounds derived from this pathway. These results indicate that RIN modulates aroma formation by direct and rigorous regulation of expression of genes in the LOX pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that the regulatory effect of RIN on fruit ripening is achieved by targeting specific molecular pathways.
Brain pericytes are important regulators of brain vascular integrity, permeability and blood flow. Deficiencies of brain pericytes are associated with neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in human ...fetuses, as well as stroke and neurodegeneration in adults. Despite the important functions of brain pericytes, the mechanisms underlying their development are not well understood and little is known about how pericyte density is regulated across the brain. The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in pericyte development, but its exact roles remain ill defined. Here, we report an investigation of the Notch3 receptor using zebrafish as a model system. We show that zebrafish brain pericytes express notch3 and that notch3 mutant zebrafish have a deficit of brain pericytes and impaired blood-brain barrier function. Conditional loss- and gain-of-function experiments provide evidence that Notch3 signaling positively regulates brain pericyte proliferation. These findings establish a new role for Notch signaling in brain vascular development whereby Notch3 signaling promotes expansion of the brain pericyte population.
The strength of bone depends on bone quantity and quality. Osteocalcin (Ocn) is the most abundant noncollagenous protein in bone and is produced by osteoblasts. It has been previously claimed that ...Ocn inhibits bone formation and also functions as a hormone to regulate insulin secretion in the pancreas, testosterone synthesis in the testes, and muscle mass. We generated Ocn-deficient (Ocn-/-) mice by deleting Bglap and Bglap2. Analysis of Ocn-/-mice revealed that Ocn is not involved in the regulation of bone quantity, glucose metabolism, testosterone synthesis, or muscle mass. The orientation degree of collagen fibrils and size of biological apatite (BAp) crystallites in the c-axis were normal in the Ocn-/-bone. However, the crystallographic orientation of the BAp c-axis, which is normally parallel to collagen fibrils, was severely disrupted, resulting in reduced bone strength. These results demonstrate that Ocn is required for bone quality and strength by adjusting the alignment of BAp crystallites parallel to collagen fibrils; but it does not function as a hormone.
Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, has been considered a risk factor for diabetic complications. Many abdominal obesity indices have been established, including neck circumference (NC), ...waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI). However, studies investigating the associations between these indices and diabetic complications are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of the abdominal obesity indices with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
A total of 4658 diabetic participants were enrolled from seven communities in Shanghai, China, in 2018. Participants completed questionnaires and underwent blood pressure, glucose, lipid profile, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio measurements; fundus photographs; and anthropometric parameters, including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), NC and hip circumference (HC).
In men, a one standard deviation (SD) increase in CVAI level was significantly associated with a greater prevalence of CVD (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.13, 1.62) and DKD (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.12, 1.70) (both P < 0.05). In women, a one SD increase in CVAI level was significantly associated with a greater prevalence of CVD (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.04, 1.69) and DKD (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.81, 3.47) (both P < 0.05). A one SD increase in NC was significantly associated with a greater prevalence of CCA plaque in both men (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10, 1.44) and women (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.07, 1.35). These associations were all adjusted for potential confounding factors.
CVAI was most strongly associated with the prevalence of CVD and DKD among the abdominal obesity indices, and NC was unique associated with the prevalence of CCA plaque in Chinese adults with diabetes. Trial registration ChiCTR1800017573, www.chictr.org.cn . Registered 04 August 2018.
Participating in megaproject experimental tasks would significantly improve the laboratories’ industry influence and future competitiveness. Thus, this paper introduces the long-term reputation ...effects of the incentive model of an experimental resource-sharing platform for megaprojects, which could motivate them to consider future benefits and improve their current efforts. The aim is to incentivize laboratories’ resource-sharing behavior more effectively and to increase the amount of resources shared by these laboratories on the platform, thus guaranteeing the long-term sustainability of the platform. It constructs the incentive model by combining dual implicit and explicit incentive mechanisms. It analyses the incentive mechanism of a reputation effect on laboratories compared with the pure explicit mechanism so that the primary conditions for reputation incentives can be obtained to achieve Pareto improvement. Finally, the proposed method is validated in combination with data simulation. The results show that although dual implicit and explicit incentive mechanisms could reduce the information asymmetry between the two sides and increase the efforts of laboratories and the benefits of the platform, the platform should not blindly increase the intensity of these incentives and need to consider the influence of the subsidies of these laboratories’ upfront inputs, the degree of sharing and their informatization capabilities.
The continuous use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase soil fertility and crop productivity often results in unexpected environmental effects and N losses through biological processes, such as ...nitrification and denitrification. In this study, multidisciplinary approaches were employed to assess the effects of N fertilization in a long-term (~20 years) field experiment in which a fertilizer gradient (0, 200, 400, and 600 kg N ha
yr
) was applied in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system in the North China Plain, one of the most intensive agricultural regions in China. The potential nitrification/denitrification rates, bacterial community structure, and abundances of functional microbial communities involved in key processes of the N cycle were assessed during both the summer maize (SM) and winter wheat (WW) seasons. Long-term N fertilization resulted in a decrease in soil pH and an increase in soil organic matter (OM), total N and total carbon concentrations. Potential nitrification/denitrification and the abundances of corresponding functional N cycling genes were positively correlated with the fertilization intensity. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the increased fertilization intensity caused a significant decrease of bacterial diversity in SM season, while changed the microbial community composition such as increasing the
abundance and decreasing
abundance in both SM and WW seasons. The alteration of soil properties markedly correlated with the variation in microbial structure, as soil pH and OM were the most predominant factors affecting the microbial structure in the SM and WW seasons, respectively. Furthermore, consistently with the results of functional gene quantification, functional prediction of microbial communities based on 16S rRNA sequence data also revealed that the abundances of the key nitrificaiton/denitrification groups were elevated by long-term N inputs. Taken together, our results suggested that soil microbial community shifted consistently in both SM and WW seasons toward a higher proportion of N-cycle microbes and exhibited higher N turnover activities in response to long-term elevated N fertilizer. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for N loss in intensively N fertilized agricultural ecosystems.
Seismic data denoising is an important mean to extract useful information from seismic data, remove interference, and improve the SNR(signal-to-noise ratio) of seismic data. Therefore, the research ...on denoising methods of seismic data has always been a hot topic. At present, most convolutional neural networks for desert seismic data denoising use single scale convolutional kernels to extract feature information, which is prone to cause missing details. Therefore, we propose the Multi-scale Dilated Convolution Network (MDCN) to remove desert seismic noise. Dilational convolution operators of different sizes are used to autocratically extract features of different scales from seismic data. The extracted features are then connected in series and fused into multi-scale information used for denoising. Moreover, using dilated convolutions can increase the receptive field, so that the output of each convolution would contain a larger range of information than single scale convolutional neural networks, which means they have access to a larger window and as a result can use temporal information. In order to increase the receiving range of the network and obtain more context information, we cascade multiple modules to form a deep network. In this way, we can extract as much detailed information as possible from the desert seismic data. The results of the experiment show that our method effectively suppresses the desert noise and also better retains the effective signal.
•The model can effectively remove noise in desert seismic records, recover the seismic events and enhance their continuity.•Combine multi-scale ideas with neural networks to extract and learn more abundant information.•The use of dilated convolutions is conducive to capture as much feature information from the noisy records.
Based on 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, one novel ratiometric fluorescence H2S-probe (IDNA) was designed and synthesized. Further studies indicate that IDNA can sensitively recognize H2S ...(detection limit of 7 μmol/L) with good selectivity and anti-interference ability. In addition, IDNA has satisfactory photostability in HeLa cells, ability of mitochondrial co-localization, and can be utilized in fluorescence imaging of H2S.
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Based on 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, one novel ratiometric fluorescence H2S-probe (IDNA) was designed and synthesized. Further studies indicate that IDNA can sensitively recognize H2S (detection limit of 7 μmol/L) with good selectivity and anti-interference ability. In addition, IDNA has satisfactory photostability in HeLa cells, ability of mitochondrial co-localization, and can be utilized in fluorescence imaging of H2S.
Lead (Pb) has been suggested as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. However, few studies have investigated the association between chronic Pb exposure and fatty liver disease.
We aimed to investigate ...the association of chronic Pb exposure with fatty liver disease and whether the variations of the gut microbiota involve in the mechanism of the fatty liver disease induced by chronic Pb exposure.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3066 rural participants in East China. Blood lead level (BLL) was detected, and abdominal ultrasonography was used to diagnose hepatic steatosis. Both the definition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were used. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups and each group was exposed to 0 or 0.05% w/v Pb through drinking water for 28 weeks. The relevant parameters of hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota were analyzed.
In humans, after adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of having NAFLD and MAFLD were significantly increased by 54% and 52% in the participants in the fourth BLL quartile (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.24, 1.91 and OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22, 1.89). In the rats, chronic Pb exposure induced the increased visceral fat, hepatic steatosis, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, including the decrease of richness, diversity, evenness and phylogenetic diversity of the gut microbiota and the significant alternations of the gut microbiota composition, particularly, the decrease of the relative abundance of Coprococcus and Oscillospira at the genus level.
Chronic Pb exposure could induce fatty liver disease, which may be associated with the variations of the gut microbiota.
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•Blood lead level was associated with both NAFLD and MAFLD in Chinese adults.•Pb exposure induced the hepatic steatosis and increased visceral fat in rats.•Pb exposure induced the gut microbiota structure and composition variations in rats.
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