L'alimentation à découvert Andreoletti, Olivier; Anseeuw, Ward; Antchouey, Anne-Marie ...
2015, 2015-10-19
eBook, Book
Odprti dostop
L'alimentation suscite aujourd'hui de multiples interrogations. Cet ouvrage se propose d'en faire le tour en exposant le plus simplement et le plus complètement possible l'état des connaissances ...scientifiques. Quels sont les déterminants du comportement alimentaire ? Comment les comportements alimentaires évoluent-ils au cours d'une vie ? Quels en sont les marqueurs culturels ? Les évolutions historiques ? Comment fabrique-t-on, et a-t-on fabriqué au cours de l'histoire, les aliments ? Comment les conserve-t-on ? Comment gérer les ressources ? Quels sont les différents systèmes alimentaires ? Qu'en est-il aujourd'hui des questions de famine ? Quelles relations entretiennent la nutrition et la santé ? Comment gérer les risques alimentaires dans des filières industrialisées ? Quel encadrement juridique pour l'alimentation ? Quels liens entre l'alimentation, l'environnement et l'occupation du territoire ? C'est à toutes ces questions, et à bien d'autres, que répond cet ouvrage, en 127 chapitres. L'alimentation exige la pluridisciplinarité, aussi les auteurs rassemblés viennent-ils de communautés aussi diverses que les sciences humaines et sociales, les sciences biologiques et médicales, les sciences des aliments, et les sciences environnementales. Un panorama complet pour tout comprendre aux enjeux de l'alimentation au xxie siècle.
We report the results of a \({\sim}4\)-year direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet ...Survey. We targeted nearby (\({\lesssim}150\) pc), young (\({\lesssim}500\) Myr) stars with high infrared excesses (\(L_{\mathrm{IR}} / L_\star > 10^{-5}\)), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the Gemini Planet Imager high-contrast integral field spectrograph in \(H\)-band (1.6 \(\mu\)m) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and three protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks but HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of non-detections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low inclination disks (\({\lesssim} 70 \deg\)). Based on post-survey statistics, we improved upon our pre-survey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing \(H\)-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.
Germline mutations of runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1) cause familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancy (FPDMM), most commonly associated with thrombocytopenia ...and propensity to develop myeloid neoplasms. A key clinical question is which patients with a family history of thrombocytopenia should undergo genetic testing for RUNX1 mutations. Typically, molecular diagnosis by genetic sequencing is performed when the clinical phenotype is suggestive of this diagnosis; however, our understanding of the spectrum of associated features suggestive of this diagnosis continues to evolve. Herein, we report a case series of 3 unrelated families with RUNX1-associated FPDMM and clinical phenotypes not typically reported with this condition. These cases expand our understanding of FPDMM and highlight the complexity of transcriptional regulation of hematopoiesis and its potentially diverse phenotypes. We describe our approach to diagnosis and management of these individuals and the importance of long-term surveillance in these cases.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate factors influencing the implementation of the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH) Eat Smart School Nutrition Program in Texas using data from the ...CATCH dissemination study. A mail survey was sent to school foodservice personnel (N=213) who attended a CATCH training from August 2000 through January 2002. A response rate of 40% (n=85) was achieved. The mean score for the percentage of CATCH Eat Smart guidelines implemented was 80.44. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for age and number of years employed in school foodservice, the following factors were significantly associated with the percentage of CATCH Eat Smart guidelines implemented: utility of CATCH and CATCH Eat Smart in meeting requirements for Coordinated School Health Programs (
P=0.006), school foodservice personnel’s satisfaction with food made using the CATCH Eat Smart guidelines (
P=0.008), utility of CATCH in facilitating interschool communication about children’s health (
P=0.019), and perceived student satisfaction with food made using the CATCH Eat Smart guidelines (
P=0.046). These results suggest that dissemination approaches for Coordinated School Health Programs should focus on ways to enhance program satisfaction, be consistent with legislated mandates, and increase interschool staff communication to increase program implementation by school foodservice personnel.
We present the first spatially resolved scattered-light images of four debris disks around members of the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) OB Association with high-contrast imaging and polarimetry using ...the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI). All four disks are resolved for the first time in polarized light and one disk is also detected in total intensity. The three disks imaged around HD 111161, HD 143675, and HD 145560 are symmetric in both morphology and brightness distribution. The three systems span a range of inclinations and radial extents. The disk imaged around HD 98363 shows indications of asymmetries in morphology and brightness distribution, with some structural similarities to the HD 106906 planet-disk system. Uniquely, HD 98363 has a wide co-moving stellar companion Wray 15-788 with a recently resolved disk with very different morphological properties. HD 98363 A/B is the first binary debris disk system with two spatially resolved disks. All four targets have been observed with ALMA, and their continuum fluxes range from one non-detection to one of the brightest disks in the region. With the new results, a total of 15 A/F-stars in Sco-Cen have resolved scattered light debris disks, and approximately half of these systems exhibit some form of asymmetry. Combining the GPI disk structure results with information from the literature on millimeter fluxes and imaged planets reveals a diversity of disk properties in this young population. Overall, the four newly resolved disks contribute to the census of disk structures measured around A/F-stars at this important stage in the development of planetary systems.
In this extended replication, a roleplaying measure of teenage girls' problem-solving skills-the Problem Inventory for Adolescent Girls (PIAG;
Gaffney & McFall, 1981
)-was administered to groups of ...Caucasian and black female delinquents and nondelinquents. Delinquency was defined both by adjudicated legal status and by self-reports of delinquent behaviors. Independent ratings of problem-solving on the PIAG significantly differentiated between adjudicated delinquents and nondelinquents and between subjects reporting high and low levels of delinquent acts but not between Caucasian and black subjects.
X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EMD) is a very rare, relatively benign muscle disorder. The disease is associated with potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias in affected males and some ...heterozygous females. X-linked EMD can be genetically distinguished from phenotypically similar autosomal EMD. Heterogenic mutations are identified as the cause of X-linked EMD. We introduced heteroduplex analysis to follow the segregation of heterogenic emerin gene mutations in the families of six unrelated EMD patients. Heteroduplex analysis was proved to be a simple, fast and reliable tool for direct molecular genetic diagnosis of EMD in male patients and identification of heterozygotes even in families where affected males are not available as index cases.
PDF
