This paper presents a full simulation study of the measurement of the production cross section (σZH) of the Higgsstrahlung process e+e−→ZH and the Higgs boson mass (MH) at the International Linear ...Collider (ILC), using events in which a Higgs boson recoils against a Z boson decaying into a pair of muons or electrons. The analysis is carried out for three center-of-mass energies s=250, 350, and 500 GeV, and two beam polarizations eL−eR+ and eR−eL+, for which the polarizations of e− and e+ are (Pe−,Pe+)=(−80%,+30%) and (+80%, −30%), respectively. Assuming an integrated luminosity of 250 fb−1 for each beam polarization at s=250 GeV, where the best lepton momentum resolution is obtainable, σZH and MH can be determined with a precision of 2.5% and 37 MeV for eL−eR+ and 2.9% and 41 MeV for eR−eL+, respectively. Regarding a 20 year ILC physics program, the expected precisions for the HZZ coupling and MH are estimated to be 0.4% and 14 MeV, respectively. The event selection is designed to optimize the precisions of σZH and MH while minimizing the bias on the measured σZH due to discrepancy in signal efficiencies among Higgs decay modes. For the first time, model independence has been demonstrated to a sub-percent level for the σZH measurement at each of the three center-of-mass energies. The results presented show the impact of center-of-mass energy and beam polarization on the evaluated precisions and serve as a benchmark for the planning of the ILC run scenario.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ClairvivoPET using NEMA NU4 standards. The ClairvivoPET incorporates a LYSO dual depth-of-interaction detector system with 151 mm axial field ...of view (FOV). Spatial resolution, sensitivity, counting rate capabilities, and image quality were evaluated using NEMA NU4-2008 standards. Normal mouse imaging was also performed for 10 min after intravenous injection of (18)F(-)-NaF. Data were compared with 19 other preclinical PET scanners. Spatial resolution measured using full width at half maximum on FBP-ramp reconstructed images was 2.16 mm at radial offset 5 mm of the axial centre FOV. The maximum absolute sensitivity for a point source at the FOV centre was 8.72%. Peak noise equivalent counting rate (NECR) was 415 kcps at 14.6 MBq ml(-1). The uniformity with the image-quality phantom was 4.62%. Spillover ratios in the images of air and water filled chambers were 0.19 and 0.06, respectively. Our results were comparable with the 19 other preclinical PET scanners based on NEMA NU4 standards, with excellent sensitivity because of the large FOV. The ClairvivoPET with iterative reconstruction algorithm also provided sufficient visualization of the mouse spine. The high sensitivity and resolution of the ClairvivoPET scanner provided high quality images for preclinical studies.
Summary
A 59‐year‐old patient with diabetes mellitus had been treated with human recombinant insulin for 4 years. He developed a solid mass on his left abdomen at the insulin injection site, which ...had an overlying pigmented verrucous plaque and keratinized papules, similar to acanthosis nigricans (AN). On histological examination, the mass was found to contain a deposit of amyloid in the dermis, with hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis and acanthosis in the epidermis. Using immunohistochemistry, the amyloid deposits were found to be positive for insulin. A few cases of localized insulin‐derived amyloid deposits at injection sites have been reported previously, but none had significant epidermal changes. The coexistence of dermal insulin‐derived amyloidosis and an overlying AN‐like change, as found in our patient, has not been reported previously, to our knowledge. The presence of a tumour‐like lesion at the injection site should be carefully examined, as injection of insulin into amyloid deposits can result in insulin resistance.
Background and purpose
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is pathologically characterized by tau deposits in neuronal and glial cells and by reactive astrogliosis. In several neurodegenerative disorders, ...18F‐THK5351 has been observed to bind to reactive astrocytes expressing monoamine oxidase B. In this study, the aim was to investigate the progression of disease‐related pathology in the brains of patients with CBS using positron emission tomography with 18F‐THK5351.
Methods
Baseline and 1‐year follow‐up imaging were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 18F‐THK5351 in 10 subjects: five patients with CBS and five age‐matched normal controls (NCs).
Results
The 1‐year follow‐up scan images revealed that 18F‐THK5351 retention had significantly increased in the superior parietal gyrus of the patients with CBS compared with the NCs. The median increases in 18F‐THK5351 accumulation in the patients with CBS were 6.53% in the superior parietal gyrus, 4.34% in the precentral gyrus and 4.33% in the postcentral gyrus. In contrast, there was no significant increase in the regional 18F‐THK5351 retention in the NCs.
Conclusions
Longitudinal increases in 18F‐THK5351 binding can be detected over a short interval in the cortical sites of patients with CBS. A monoamine oxidase B binding radiotracer could be useful in monitoring the progression of astrogliosis in CBS.
The formation of neurofibrillary tangles is believed to contribute to the neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Postmortem studies have shown strong associations between the ...neurofibrillary pathology and both neuronal loss and the severity of cognitive impairment. However, the temporal changes in the neurofibrillary pathology and its association with the progression of the disease are not well understood. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is expected to be useful for the longitudinal assessment of neurofibrillary pathology in the living brain. Here, we performed a longitudinal PET study using the tau-selective PET tracer 18FTHK-5117 in patients with AD and in healthy control subjects. Annual changes in 18FTHK-5117 binding were significantly elevated in the middle and inferior temporal gyri and in the fusiform gyrus of patients with AD. Compared to patients with mild AD, patients with moderate AD showed greater changes in the tau load that were more widely distributed across the cortical regions. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the annual changes in cognitive decline and regional 18FTHK-5117 binding. These results suggest that the cognitive decline observed in patients with AD is attributable to the progression of neurofibrillary pathology. Longitudinal assessment of tau pathology will contribute to the assessment of disease progression and treatment efficacy.
Results Brain regions more activated by the major key than the minor key when presented with the identical motion film were the left cerebellum, the right fusiform gyrus, the right superior ...occipital, the left superior orbito frontal, the right pallidum, the left precuneus, and the bilateral thalamus.
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