Background
Sodium enhancement has been demonstrated in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions.
Purpose
To investigate sodium MRI with and without an inversion recovery pulse in acute MS lesions in an MS ...relapse and during recovery.
Study Type
Prospective.
Subjects
Twenty‐nine relapsing–remitting MS patients with an acute relapse were included.
Field Strength/Sequence
A 3D density‐adapted radial sodium sequence at 3 T using a dual‐tuned (23Na/1H) head coil.
Assessment
Full‐brain images of the tissue sodium concentration (TSC1, n = 29) and a sodium inversion recovery sequence (SIR1, n = 20) at the beginning of the anti‐inflammatory therapy and on medium‐term follow‐up visits (days 27–99, n = 12 TSC, n = 5 SIR) were measured. Regions of interest (RoIs) with contrast enhancement (T1CE+) and without change in T1‐weighted imaging (FL + T1n) were normalized (nTSC and nSIR). To gain insight on the origin of the TSC enhancement at time point 1, it is investigated whether the nTSC enhancement of the lesions is accompanied by a change of the respective nSIR. Potential prognostic value of nSIR1 is examined referring to the nTSC progression.
Statistical Tests
nTSC and nSIR were compared regarding the type of lesion and the time point using a one‐way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for nTSC over nSIR and for nTSC1‐nTSC2 over nSIR1. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
At the first measurement, all lesion types showed increased nTSC, while nSIR was decreased in the FL + T1n and the T1CE+ lesions in comparison to the normal‐appearing white matter. For acute lesions, the difference between nTSC at baseline and nTSC at time point 2 showed a significant correlation with the baseline nSIR.
Data Conclusion
At time point 1, nTSC is increased, while nSIR is unchanged or decreased in the lesions. The mean sodium IR signal at baseline correlates with recovery or progression of an acute lesion.
Evidence Level
2
Technical Efficacy
Stage 4
As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and “staying at home” to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the ...‘lockdown’ situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crucial in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them.
•The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting on individuals' mental health.•Technology is being used to help alleviate stress and anxiety caused by the pandemic.•The risk of problematic internet use (PIU) is increased during the pandemic.•Guidance is needed related to decreasing the risk of PIU.•Practical recommendations to diminish the risk of PIU are presented.
Walter Boehlich Helmut Peitsch, Helen Thein-Peitsch / Helmut Peitsch, Helen Thein-Peitsch
2012, 2011, 2011-01-01
eBook
Als Walter Boehlich 2006 starb, verwies das Spektrum der Nachrufe – auf den Literaten und Publizisten über den Kritiker zum Polemiker, Aufklärer und Schulmeister: "Prototyp des kritischen ...Intellektuellen" – auf die wechselnden Orte, von denen aus Boehlich zur literarischen Kultur der Bundesrepublik beitrug: Literaturwissenschaft und Literaturkritik, Verlagslektorat und Autorschaft, auch in Rundfunk und Fernsehen. 1921 geboren, studierte Boehlich in Breslau und Hamburg Germanistik, war Assistent des Romanisten Ernst Robert Curtius in Bonn und DAAD-Lektor in Aarhus und Madrid. 1957 wurde er Lektor im Suhrkamp Verlag. Nachdem sich dieser 1968 von seinem Cheflektor getrennt hatte, war Boehlich als freier Autor in verschiedenen Medien publizistisch sowie als Übersetzer und Herausgeber tätig. Der Band dokumentiert eine Tagung des Instituts für Germanistik der Universität Potsdam in Kooperation mit dem Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum und enthält Beiträge von Ulrike Baureithel, Roland Berbig, Manuela Böhm, Richard Faber, Stefan Goldmann, Peter Uwe Hohendahl, Peter Jehle, Christoph Kapp, Klaus Kröger, Matthias N. Lorenz, Helmut Peitsch, Berthold Petzinna, Julius H. Schoeps, Jürgen Schutte, Matthias Uecker, Peter Urban, Thomas Wegmann und Daniel Weidner. Eine umfassende Bibliographie im Anhang erschließt erstmalig Boehlichs Werk und Wirken in der Bundesrepublik.
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