Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a new generation of energy storage devices due to their abundant sodium reserves and low cost. Among the anode ...materials of SIBs, transition metal chalcogenides (TMXs) have attracted much attention because of their large layer spacing, narrow band gap, and high theoretical capacity. However, in practical applications, TMXs face problems, such as structural instability and poor electrical conductivity. In this review, the research progress and challenges of TMXs in SIBs in recent years are summarized, the application of nanostructure design, defect engineering, cladding engineering, and heterogeneous construction techniques and strategies in improving the electrochemical performance of TMXs anode are emphatically introduced, and the storage mechanism of sodium is briefly summarized. Finally, the application and development prospects of TMX anodes in electrochemical energy storage are discussed and prospected.
•Adsorbed anionic dye molecules are conducive to preferential growth of (001) plane of Mg(OH)2 crystal for Mg(OH)2 pigments.•Uniform coverage of nanosized Mg(OH)2 pigments on fiber surface is ...achieved via surface-initiated ATRP.•About 4wt% of Mg(OH)2 pigment on fiber surface shortens nearly half of burning time of cellulose.
Mg(OH)2 flame retardant hybrid pigment is synthesized through simultaneous solution precipitation and adsorption of anionic dyes (C.I. Acid Red 6). The Mg(OH)2 hybrid pigment bearing vinyl groups after surface silane modification is immobilized onto the surface of bromo end-functional cellulose fiber by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The morphology and structure of Mg(OH)2 pigments and cellulose fibers grafted with modified pigments are characterized. The thermal properties, flammability and color fastness of cellulose fibers grafted with modified pigments are measured. The results reveal that anionic dye molecules are adsorbed onto Mg(OH)2 crystals and affect the formation of lamella-like Mg(OH)2 crystals. The cellulose fiber grafted with modified Mg(OH)2 hybrid pigment absorbs about four times heat more than original cellulose fiber with about 4% immobilization ratio of pigment, which shortens nearly half of afterflame time and afterglow time.
Mg(OH)2 particles are immobilized onto the surface of cotton fiber by simple physical heat pressing method with the aid of swelling in ionic liquid and shrinkage in water. The effect of eco-friendly ...surface pretreatment of cellulase, UV and plasma on Mg(OH)2 immobilization for thermal stability and flammability of cotton fabric is discussed. Improved swelling effect of cellulose after surface treatment is beneficial to contact of Mg(OH)2 particles with cotton fiber. Due to good adhesion of Mg(OH)2 particles to fiber surface after partial dissolution and resolidification of fragmented fibril, the flame retardancy of cotton fabric is significantly enhanced under plasma pretreatment with the afterflame time of 1.0 s and afterglow time of 2.0 s. It is found that cellulase treatment is a mild treating method while plasma pretreatment improves flame retardancy at a cost of damaging fiber in a reasonable range.
Ovarian cancer (OV) is a severe and common gynecological disease. Ferroptosis can regulate the progression and invasion of tumors. The immune system is a decisive factor in cancer. The present study ...aimed to use gene expression data to establish an immunity and ferroptosis-related risk score model as a prognostic biomarker to predict clinical outcomes and the immune microenvironment of OV.
Common gene expression data were searched from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Immunity-related genes and ferroptosis-related genes were searched and downloaded from the ImmPort and FerrDb databases, followed by the analysis of the overall survival of patients with OV and the identification of genes. Subsequently, the status of the infiltration of immune cells and the association between immune checkpoints and risk score were assessed.
A total of 10 prognostic genes (
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) were included in the immunity and ferroptosis-related risk score model. The high-risk group had a higher infiltration of immune cells. The risk score, an independent prognostic feature of OV was negatively associated with each immune checkpoint. The risk score may thus help to predict the response to immunotherapy.
The immunity and ferroptosis-related risk score model is an independent prognostic factor for OV. The established risk score may help to predict the response of patients to immunotherapy.
Plasmodium vivax remains the predominant species at the China-Myanmar border, imposing a major challenge to the recent gains in regional malaria elimination. To closely supervise the emerging of drug ...resistance in this area, we surveyed the variations in genes potentially correlated with drug resistance in P. vivax parasite and the possible drug selection with time.
A total of 235 P. vivax samples were collected from patients suffering uncomplicated malaria at Yingjiang, Tengchong, and Longling counties, and Nabang port in China, Yunnan province, and Laiza sub-township in Myanmar, from 2008 to 2017. Five potential drug resistance genes were amplified utilizing nested-PCR and analyzed, including pvdhfr, pvdhps, pvmdr1, pvcrt-o, and pvk12. The Pearson's Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were applied to determine the statistical frequency differences of mutations between categorical data.
The pvdhfr F57I/L, S58R, T61M and S117T/N presented in 40.6%, 56.7%, 40.1%, and 56.0% of the sequenced P. vivax isolates, and these mutations significantly decreased with years. The haplotype formed by these quadruple mutations predominated in Yingjiang, Tengchong, Longling and Nabang. While a mutation H99S/R (56.6%) dominated in Laiza and increased with time. In pvdhps, the A383G prevailed in 69.2% of the samples, which remained the most prevalent haplotype. However, a significant decrease of its occurrence was also noticed over the time. The S382A/C and A553G existed in 8.4% and 30.8% of the isolates, respectively. In pvmdr1, the mutation Y976F occurred at a low frequency in 5/232 (2.2%), while T958M was fixed and F1076L was approaching fixed (72.4%). The K10 insertion was detected at an occurrence of 33.2% in pvcrt-o, whereas there was no significant difference among the sites or over the time. No mutation was identified in pvk12.
Mutations related with resistance to antifolate drugs are prevalent in this area, while their frequencies decrease significantly with time, suggestive of increased susceptibility of P. vivax parasite to antifolate drugs. Resistance to chloroquine (CQ) is possibly emerging. However, since the molecular mechanisms underneath CQ resistance is yet to be better understood, close supervision of clinical drug efficiency and continuous function investigation is urgently needed to alarm drug resistance.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments (tRFs) have been widely identified in nature, functioning in diverse biological and pathological situations. Yet, the presence of these small RNAs in Plasmodium ...spp. remains unknown. Systematic identification and characterization of tRFs is therefore highly needed to understand further their roles in Plasmodium parasites, particularly in the virulent Plasmodium falciparum parasite.
Genome-wide small RNAs with sizes ranging from 18-30 nucleotides from P. falciparum were deep-sequenced via Illumina HiSeq 2000 technology. In-depth analysis revealed the presence of a vast number of small RNAs originating from tRNA-coding genes, responsible for 22.4% of the total reads as the second predominant group. Three P. falciparum-derived tRF types (ptRFs) were identified as 5'ptRFs, mid-ptRFs and 3'ptRFs. The majority (90%) of ptRFs were derived from tRNAs that coded eight amino acids: Pro, Phe, Asn, Gly, Cys, Gln, His and Ala. Stem-loop reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the presence of tRFs in the blood stages of P. falciparum. Four new motifs with an enriched G/C feature were determined at cleavage sites that might guide the generation of ptRFs.
To our knowledge, this is the first report of a genome-wide investigation of ptRFs from Plasmodium species. The identification of ptRFs reveals a complex small RNA system manipulated by the malaria parasite, and might promote research on the function of tRFs in the pathogenesis of Plasmodium infections.
Talent is the best group in human resources, and the Talents are the best group in human resources, and English-speaking talents are the most dynamic factor in productivity. In order to improve the ...quantitative analysis ability of the English talent aggregation effect, the English talents aggregation effect analysis model is proposed based on large-scale data collection technology. The collection information flow model of the hotspot big data of English talents aggregation effect is constructed. The high-dimensional feature grouping method is used to reconstruct the hotspot big data of the English talents aggregation effect. The piecewise linear test method is used to analyze the statistical characteristics of the hotspot big data of the English talents aggregation effect and extract the frequent vector set which reflects the hot big data category attribute of the English talents aggregation effect. According to the result of feature extraction, the fuzzy English talents aggregation is processed to realize the fusion of big data information of English talents aggregation effect hotspot. Combined with quantitative analysis method, the automatic classification of big data association rules is realized. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed method is more accurate and effective than the traditional methods in collecting hotspot data, which is 26% and 76% higher than the traditional methods. This method has better accuracy and improved data aggregation effect in collecting hotspot data of English talents gathering and has strong collecting ability and characteristics. The research improved hotspot big data’s English talents gathering effect.
Cotton plays an important role in the economy of many countries. Many studies have revealed that numerous genes and various metabolic pathways are involved in anther development. In this research, we ...studied the differently expressed mRNA and lncRNA during the anther development of cotton between the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line, C2P5A, and the maintainer line, C2P5B, using RNA-seq analysis. We identified 17,897 known differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, and 865 DE long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that corresponded to 1172
-target genes at three stages of anther development using gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment of DE mRNAs; and
-target genes of DE lncRNAs probably involved in the degradation of tapetum cells, microspore development, pollen development, and in the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of the anther cell wall in cotton. Of these DE genes, LTCONS_00105434, LTCONS_00004262, LTCONS_00126105, LTCONS_00085561, and LTCONS_00085561, correspond to
-target genes Ghir_A09G011050.1, Ghir_A01G005150.1, Ghir_D05G003710.2, Ghir_A03G016640.1, and Ghir_A12G005100.1, respectively. They participate in oxidative phosphorylation, flavonoid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fatty acid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway in plants, respectively. In summary, the transcriptomic data indicated that DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were related to the anther development of cotton at the pollen mother cell stage, tetrad stage, and microspore stage, and abnormal expression could lead to anther abortion, resulting in male sterility of cotton.
Intermediate-size noncoding RNAs (is-ncRNAs) have been shown to play important regulatory roles in the development of several eukaryotic organisms. However, they have not been thoroughly explored in ...Plasmodium falciparum, which is the most virulent malaria parasite infecting human being. By using Illumina/Solexa paired-end sequencing of an is-ncRNA-specific library, we performed a systematic identification of novel is-ncRNAs in intraerythrocytic P. falciparum, strain 3D7. A total of 1,198 novel is-ncRNA candidates, including antisense, intergenic, and intronic is-ncRNAs, were identified. Bioinformatics analyses showed that the intergenic is-ncRNAs were the least conserved among different Plasmodium species, and antisense is-ncRNAs were more conserved than their sense counterparts. Twenty-two novel snoRNAs were identified, and eight potential novel classes of P. falciparum is-ncRNAs were revealed by clustering analysis. The expression of randomly selected novel is-ncRNAs was confirmed by RT-PCR and northern blotting assays. An obvious different expressional profile of the novel is-ncRNA between the early and late intraerythrocytic developmental stages of the parasite was observed. The expression levels of the antisense RNAs correlated with those of their cis-encoded sense RNA counterparts, suggesting that these is-ncRNAs are involved in the regulation of gene expression of the parasite. In conclusion, we accomplished a deep profiling analysis of novel is-ncRNAs in P. falciparum, analysed the conservation and structural features of these novel is-ncRNAs, and revealed their differential expression patterns during the development of the parasite. These findings provide important information for further functional characterisation of novel is-ncRNAs during the development of P. falciparum.
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