Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a new emerging strategy for the in situ treatment of tumors. In the microenvironment of tumor cells, CDT may be achieved through the generation of reactive oxygen ...species (ROS), e.g., hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and singlet oxygen (
O
), which induce the death of tumor cells. Copper (Cu) or other transition-metal ions catalyze the production of ˙OH by hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) through Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. With the development of advanced nanotechnology, nanotherapeutic systems with Cu-based nanostructures have received extensive attention and have been demonstrated for their wide applications in the design and construction of nanotherapeutic systems for CDT, along with multimodal synergistic therapy. Herein, the cutting-edge developments of Cu-based nanostructures in CDT are reviewed and discussed, by focusing on the monotherapy of CDT as well as synergistic treatments by hyphenating CDT with various therapeutic protocols, e.g., photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and so on. In addition, the potential challenges and future perspectives are described in the improvement of CDT therapeutic efficacy, the enhancement of targeting capability, and mechanistic investigations on CDT therapy.
Nitrogen‐containing compounds widely exist in pharmaceuticals and multifunctional materials. Thus, the development of C−N bond formation reactions is of great importance in synthetic chemistry. Since ...2014, obvious progress has been made in the construction of C−N bonds via metal‐free radical C(sp3)−H functionalization, which is one of the major protocols due to its high reaction activity and mild conditions. To the best of our knowledge, there are still no exclusive reviews about the formation of C−N bonds through metal‐free radical C(sp3)−H functionalization. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in this area since 2014, according to the type of the nitrogen source (amines, amides, sulfonamides, azoles, azides and other nitrogen sources). The paper is focused on discussions about the reaction mechanisms and selected examples of substrates have also been listed.
Fast‐charging and high‐energy‐density solid‐state sodium metal batteries (SMBs) working under harsh temperatures are in urgent demand for the state‐of‐the‐art secondary batteries. However, the ...unmatched interfacial contact and temperature‐limited ionic conductivity still impede SMBs from authentic commercialization. Constructing a 3D ion diffusion channel through in situ interlock interfaces can effectively address these bottlenecks. Herein, an in situ cured gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is developed by introducing trihydroxymethylpropyl triacrylate (TMPTA) into conventional electrolytes. The as‐prepared GPE can generate superior 3D ionic conductive networks in the cathodes with high ionic conductivity at universal temperatures (0–60 °C) and a wide working potential, which successfully pairs with the high‐voltage cathodes with ultrahigh loads of 13.01 mg cm−1 to develop a practical solid‐state battery. Furthermore, as deciphered by in‐depth X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the flexible solid electrolyte interphase layer is stable enough to prevent sodium metal from the corrosion of the electrolyte and the formation of sodium dendrites. Benefitting from this “two‐in‐one” effect, solid‐state SMBs with the in situ GPE exhibit an excellent long‐term cycling stability at 60 °C with a capacity retention of 80% after 1000 cycles at 1 C, and superior temperature adaptability even at 0 °C with a rate capacity retention of 90% at 1 C compared with that at 0.1 C.
Herein, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is designed to develop practically accessible and environmentally adaptive sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with high loading cathodes through in situ interlock interface. The GPE‐based SMBs exhibit superior temperature adaptability at 0–60 °C, fast rate capability up to 30 C, and successfully pairs with ultrahigh cathode loads of 13.01 mg cm−2.
Although 5-methylcytosine (m
C) is a widespread modification in RNAs, its regulation and biological role in pathological conditions (such as cancer) remain unknown. Here, we provide the ...single-nucleotide resolution landscape of messenger RNA m
C modifications in human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). We identify numerous oncogene RNAs with hypermethylated m
C sites causally linked to their upregulation in UCBs and further demonstrate YBX1 as an m
C 'reader' recognizing m
C-modified mRNAs through the indole ring of W65 in its cold-shock domain. YBX1 maintains the stability of its target mRNA by recruiting ELAVL1. Moreover, NSUN2 and YBX1 are demonstrated to drive UCB pathogenesis by targeting the m
C methylation site in the HDGF 3' untranslated region. Clinically, a high coexpression of NUSN2, YBX1 and HDGF predicts the poorest survival. Our findings reveal an unprecedented mechanism of RNA m
C-regulated oncogene activation, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for UCB.
Acute respiratory disease caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) has rapidly spread throughout China. Children and adults show a different clinical course. The purpose of the current study is ...to comparatively analyze the clinical characteristics of 2019‐nCoV infection in children and adults and to explore the possible causes for the discrepancies present. The medical records of 25 adults and 7 children confirmed cases of 2019‐2019‐nCoV acute respiratory diseases were reviewed retrospectively. All children were family clusters. The total adult patients were differentiated into the local residents of Wuhan, a history of travel to Wuhan and direct contact with people from Wuhan. The numbers were 14 (56%), 10 (40%), and 1 (4%), respectively. The median incubation period of children and adults was 5 days (ranged, 3‐12 days) and 4 days (ranged, 2‐12 days), respectively. Diarrhoea and/or vomiting (57.1%) were demic by World Health Organiza more common in children, whereas for adults it was myalgia or fatigue (52%). On admission, the percentage of children having pneumonia (5%, 71.4%) was roughly the same as adults (20%, 80%). A total of 20% of adults had leucopoenia, but leukocytosis was more frequently in children (28.6%, P=.014). A higher number of children had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme (57.1% vs 4%, P=.004). Antiviral therapy was given to all adult patients but to none of the children. In summary, knowledge of these differences between children and adults will not only be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of 2019‐nCoV disease, but also for a future discussion on age‐specific coronavirus infection.
Highlights
The routes of infection were more diverse in adults than children.
Diarrhoea and/or vomiting were more common in children, whereas for adults it was myalgia or fatigue.
More adults had leucopoenia, but leukocytosis was more frequently in children.
A higher number of children had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme.
The percentage of children having pneumonia was roughly the same as adults.
The indoor air quality is of prime importance for human daily life and health, for which the adsorbents like zeolites and silica‐gels are widely used for air dehumidification and harmful gases ...capture. Herein, we develop a pore‐nanospace post‐engineering strategy to optimize the hydrophilicity, water‐uptake capacity and air‐purifying ability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with long‐term stability, offering an ideal candidate with autonomous multi‐functionality of moisture control and pollutants sequestration. Through variant tuning of organic‐linkers carrying hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the pore‐nanospaces of prototypical UiO‐67, a moderately hydrophilic MOF (UiO‐67‐4Me‐NH2‐38 %) with high thermal, hydrolytic and acid‐base stability is screened out, featuring S‐shaped water sorption isotherms exactly located in the recommended comfortable and healthy ranges of relative humidity for indoor ventilation (45 %–65 % RH) and adverse health effects minimization (40–60 % RH). Its exceptional attributes of water‐uptake working capacity/efficiency, contaminants removal, recyclability and regeneration promise a great potential in confined indoor environment application.
A moderately hydrophilic MOF of UiO‐67‐4Me‐NH2‐38 % with high thermal, hydrolytic and acid‐base stability has been obtained by a pore‐nanospace post‐engineering strategy, which shows ideal S‐shaped water‐sorption isotherm, high water‐uptake working capacity and efficiency in the ASHRAE recommended humidity range, and prior capture ability of harmful organic and inorganic vapors, providing a promising candidate for autonomous indoor humidity control and air purification.
Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), namely, 3TT‐C2‐F, 3TT‐C2‐Cl, and 3TT‐C2, are purposefully designed and synthesized with the concept of halogenation. The incorporation of F or/and Cl ...atoms into the molecular structure (3TT‐C2‐F and 3TT‐C2‐Cl) enhances the π–π stacking, improves electron mobility, and regulates the nanofiber morphology of blend films, thus facilitating the exciton dissociation and charge transport. In particular, blend films based on D18:3TT‐C2‐F demonstrate a high charge mobility, an extended exciton diffusion distance, and a well‐formed nanofiber network. These factors contribute to devices with a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 17.19%, surpassing that of 3TT‐C2‐Cl (16.17%) and 3TT‐C2 (15.42%). To the best of knowledge, this represents the highest efficiency achieved in NFREA‐based devices up to now. These results highlight the potential of halogenation in NFREAs as a promising approach to enhance the performance of organic solar cells.
Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (3TT‐C2‐F, 3TT‐C2‐Cl, and 3TT‐C2) are designed and synthesized with the concept of halogenation. Among them, the fluorinated acceptor 3TT‐C2‐F based devices can deliver the champion power conversion efficiency of over 17% due to enhanced the π–π stacking, improved the electron mobility, etc.
Long persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have a unique photophysical mechanism to store light radiation energy for subsequent release. However, in comparison to the common UV source, white‐light ...(WL) and near‐infrared (NIR) excited LPL is scarce. Herein we report a metal–organic supramolecular box based on a D–π–A‐type ligand. Owing to the integrated one‐photon absorption (OPA) and two‐photon absorption (TPA) attributes of the ligand, the heavy‐atom effect of the metal center, as well as π‐stacking and J‐aggregation states in the supramolecular assembly, LPL can be triggered by all wavebands from the UV to the NIR region. This novel designed supramolecular kit to afford LPL by both OPA and TPA pathways provides potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, camouflaging, decorating, and displaying, among others.
All paths lead to Rome: By the careful design of a donor–π–acceptor ligand with both one‐ and two‐photon absorption attributes (OPA and TPA), LPL could be triggered in an assembled metal–organic supramolecular box through either OPA or TPA pathways by several wavebands of light: UV, white (WL), and NIR (see picture). Such systems have potential for a range of applications, including anti‐counterfeiting, camouflaging, decorating, and displays.
Although possessing high activity for solar hydrogen production, exploring robust Cu2O-based photocatalysts remains a challenging task due to its intrinsic drawback of susceptible oxidation. Herein, ...we present a strategy to stabilize Cu2O by modulating the exposed facets and structural defects of TiO2. Both experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations proved that surface oxygen vacancies in 101-faceted TiO2 could create conducting channels for denoting electrons to Cu2O, mimicking the Z-scheme charge transfer in natural photosynthesis. Due to the defect-enhanced charge separation and the effective scavenging of oxidative holes in Cu2O, Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructures with exposed {101} facets and oxygen vacancies exhibited 251-fold increased activity for solar water splitting, together with unpredicted photostability. In contrast, defect-induced isolated states in the bulk of 001-faceted TiO2 led to the formation of Type II Cu2O/TiO2 junction with moderate photoactivity and poor stability. Thus, our work not only provides insights into the facet- and defect-dependent interfacial mechanism in heterostructured nanocatalysts but also opens up a promising avenue for developing high-performance noble-metal-free photocatalysts for energy conversion applications.
Coastal saline soil is an important reserve land resource that has high potential for agricultural utilization. The present study adopted a high-throughput absolute quantification 16S rRNA sequencing ...method to investigate the effect of four different fertilization regimes (namely 100% of bio-organic fertilizer, 70% of bio-organic fertilizer +30% of chemical fertilizer, 30% of bio-organic fertilizer +70% of chemical fertilizer, and 100% of chemical fertilizer) on bacterial community assembly in a tomato cultivated saline soil. The results from the field experiment showed that a combination of 70% bio-organic fertilizer plus 30% of chemical fertilizer was the optimal dose to develop tomato cultivation (for improving yield and fruit quality) in this coastal tidal zone. The pot experiment gave the similar results on tomato growth and indicated the application of 70% bio-organic fertilizer plus 30% of chemical fertilizer as the best treatment to active the soil microbiome. The input of nutrients by fertilizers increased the total abundance of bacteria (to >3 fold compared to the initial soil) and simultaneously led to a significant loss of bacterial diversity in soil. The predominant phyla including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the main contributors in the microbiome shift especially shown by their remarkable enrichment in the soil that treated by 70% of bio-organic fertilizer and those by the 100% chemical fertilizer. The RDA and Pearson correlation analyses indicated that the soil nutrient availability, especially available P and K, and soil salinity were the key environmental factors that shaped the bacterial community in this ecosystem, though the organic matter content and soil pH also played important roles in microbiome assembly.
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•Bacterial absolute abundance in saline soil increases >3 folds in all four fertilization regimes.•Bacterial diversity in saline soil decreases significantly in all fertilizer-applied samples.•Soil salinity and nutrient availability (P and K) play key roles in shaping bacterial community.•70% bio-organic fertilizer plus 30% of chemical fertilizer is the optimal dose for tomato growth.•Absolute 16S-seq allows more precise investigation on microbial dynamics across multi samples.
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