2D perovskites, due to their unique properties and reduced dimension, are promising candidates for future optoelectronic devices. However, the development of stable and nontoxic 2D wide‐bandgap ...perovskites remains a challenge. 2D all‐inorganic perovskite Sr2Nb3O10 (SNO) nanosheets with thicknesses down to 1.8 nm are synthesized by liquid exfoliation, and for the first time, UV photodetectors (PDs) based on individual few‐layer SNO sheets are investigated. The SNO sheet‐based PDs exhibit excellent UV detecting performance (narrowband responsivity = 1214 A W−1, external quantum efficiency = 5.6 × 105%, detectivity = 1.4 × 1014 Jones @270 nm, 1 V bias), and fast response speed (trise ≈ 0.4 ms, tdecay ≈ 40 ms), outperforming most reported individual 2D sheet‐based UV PDs. Furthermore, the carrier transport properties of SNO and the performance of SNO‐based phototransistors are successfully controlled by gate voltage. More intriguingly, the photodetecting performance and carrier transport properties of SNO sheets are dependent on their thickness. In addition, flexible and transparent PDs with high mechanical stability are easily fabricated based on SNO nanosheet film. This work sheds light on the development of high‐performance optoelectronics based on low‐dimensional wide‐bandgap perovskites in the future.
Liquid‐exfoliated 2D wide‐bandgap perovskite Sr2Nb3O10 (SNO) nanosheets are explored for high‐performance UV photodetection. Phototransistors based on individual few‐layer SNO nanosheets exhibit outstanding, narrowband, and thickness‐dependent photoresponsivity as high as 1214 A W−1 and fast response speed. Flexible, transparent photodetectors with high mechanical stability are easily fabricated based on SNO nanosheet film.
Ag electrode is widely used in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its easy reaction and corrosive nature with perovskite always induces severe stability issue. Here, from typical theory of ...metal anticorrosion, a chemical anticorrosion approach for Ag electrode in inverted PSCs through introducing 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) as a corrosion inhibitor is reported. MBT can strongly bond to Ag and form a compact MBT‐Ag chain on Ag surface owing to its N atom in thiazolyl ring and exocyclic thiol groups. As a result, Ag anticorrosion ability is greatly enhanced by increasing the corrosion potential and decreasing the corrosion current, thus effectively inhibiting possible chemical reaction and corrosion between perovskite and Ag electrodes. PSCs containing MBT/Ag exhibit high efficiency of over 23% with good stability, retaining 95 ± 4.1% of initial efficiency after storage for 3800 h in glovebox. Importantly, resulting PSCs also show excellent thermal stability, maintaining 90 ± 1.8% of initial efficiency after aging for 900 h at 85 °C.
A chemical anticorrosion strategy is proposed to inhibit Ag electrode corrosion in inverted perovskite solar cells through introducing 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) inhibitor. MBT can bond on Ag surface to inhibit Ag corrosion. Resulting devices exhibit >23% efficiency with good stability, retaining >90% of initial efficiency whether after N2 storage for 3800 h or 85 °C aging for 900 h.
Tea is a traditional plant beverage originating from China as one of the most popular beverages worldwide, which has been an important companion in modern society. Nevertheless, as the waste after ...tea processing, tea residues from agriculture, industry and kitchen waste are discarded in large quantities, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of tea residue resources has attracted people's attention. The bioactive components remaining in tea residues demonstrate a variety of health benefits and can be recycled using advanced extraction processes. Furthermore, researchers have been devoted to converting tea residues into derivatives such as biosorbents, agricultural compost, and animal feeds through thermochemical techniques and biotechnology. This review summarized the chemical composition and physiological activities of bioactive components from tea residue. The extraction methods of bioactive components in tea residue were elucidated and the main high-value applications of tea residues were proposed. On this basis, the utilization of tea residues can be developed from a single way to a multi-channel or cascade way to improve its economic efficiency. Novel applications of tea residues in different fields, including food development, environmental remediation, energy production and composite materials, are of far-reaching significance. This review aims to provide new insights into developing the utilization of tea residue using a comprehensive strategy and exploring the mechanism of active components from tea residue on human health and their potential applications in different areas.
Highlights
The composition and function of tea residue active components were introduced.
The extraction methods of active components from tea residue were proposed.
The main high-value applications of tea residues were summarized.
The current limitations and future directions of tea residue utilization were concluded.
All‐solid‐state lithium metal battery is the most promising next‐generation energy storage device. However, the low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes and high interfacial impedance with ...electrode are the main factors to limit the development of all‐solid‐state batteries. In this work, a low resistance–integrated all‐solid‐state battery is designed with excellent electrochemical performance that applies the polyethylene oxide (PEO) with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide as both binder of cathode and matrix of composite electrolyte embedded with Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) nanowires (PLLN). The PEO in cathode and PLLN are fused at high temperature to form an integrated all‐solid‐state battery structure, which effectively strengthens the interface compatibility and stability between cathode and PLLN to guarantee high efficient ion transportation during long cycling. The LLZO nanowires uniformly distributed in PLLN can increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of composite electrolyte efficiently, which induces the uniform deposition of lithium metal, thereby suppressing the lithium dendrite growth. The Li symmetric cells using PLLN can stably cycle for 1000 h without short circuit at 60 °C. The integrated LiFePO4/PLLN/Li batteries show excellent cycling stability at both 60 and 45 °C. The study proposed a novel and robust battery structure with outstanding electrochemical properties.
A low resistance–integrated all‐solid‐state Li metal battery with excellent electrochemical performance is designed. The structure not only guarantees high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties to suppress lithium dendrite growth by using polyethylene oxide (PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide embedded with Li7La3Zr2O12 nanowire composite electrolyte, but also decreases the interfacial impedance by applying PEO in both electrolyte and cathode that can fuse during operation.
Tailoring the properties of solid‐state organic luminescent materials using a bottom‐up design principle is highly desirable for many applications. Herein, we present a “macrocycle‐to‐framework” ...strategy to construct macrocycle‐functionalized and hydrazone‐linked functional organic polymers with bright yellowish‐green luminescence and unique solvatochromism behaviors by the condensation of a diacylhydrazine‐functionalized pillar5arene with tris(4‐formylbiphenyl)amine. Outperforming their non‐macrocycle‐incorporated counterparts, the pillar5arene‐containing materials display amplified sensitivity to acidic conditions with luminescent and colorimetric dual‐modal patterns assisted by the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and exhibit satisfactory responsiveness to nitrobenzene compounds through rapid luminescence quenching with high selectivity and a low detection limit, where the sensing process proceeds through multiple dynamic quenching pathways.
A brightly emissive hydrazone‐linked covalent polymer platform based on pillar5arene‐derived building blocks has been developed for the optical sensing of acidic pH levels as well as nitroaromatic compounds. The macrocyclic acceptors play important roles in improving the sensing sensitivity and durability, thus providing valuable insight for the construction of versatile molecular platforms with innovative structures and designable functions.
Developing an efficient photocatalyst, catalyzing formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation, can satisfy the demand of the H
2
energy. Herein, a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C
x
N
4
)-based nanosheet (
x
= ...3.2, 3.6 or 3.8) with melem rings conjugated by Schiff-base bond (N=C–C=N) was synthesized, tuning the bandgaps (
E
g
) of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C
3
N
4
) in the range of 1.8 <
E
g
< 2.7 eV, and grown PdAg nanowires (NWs) on its surface forming an efficient PdAg NWs/g-C
x
N
4
Mott–Schottky heterojunction for enhancing dehydrogenation photocatalysis of FA. The boosting photocatalysis benefits from the Schiff-base bond tuning the
E
g
of g-C
3
N
4
and strongly coupling from the heterojunction. Among the heterojunction, the Pd
5
Ag
5
NWs/g-C
3.6
N
4
exhibits the best dehydrogenation photocatalysis of FA turnover frequency (TOF) = 1230 h
−1
under visible light (
λ
> 400 nm) without any additive at 25 °C, which is the best value among ever-reported ones. This work provides a new strategy to boost dehydrogenation photocatalysis of FA, which will be promising for practical application of H
2
in future energy field.
Graphical abstract
Utilizing supramolecular synthetic macrocycles with distinct porous structures and abundant functional groups as a precursor for metal‐doped carbon electrocatalysts can endow the resulting materials ...with great potential in electrocatalysis. Herein, iridium‐doped electrocatalysts (CBC‐Ir), using a synthetic macrocycle named cucurbit6uril as the carbon source precursor, are designed and prepared. Interestingly, owing to the numerous N‐containing backbone and unique porous structure from cucurbit6uril self‐assembly, the newly designed catalysts CBC‐Ir possess abundant N‐doped and mesoporous structures without the need of additional N sources and templates. The catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction with high Faradaic efficiency (91.5% and 92.7%), superior turnover frequency (2.1 and 0.69 H2 s−1) at the 50 mV overpotential, and only 17 and 33 mV overpotentials in acidic and alkaline conditions reaching the current density of 10 mA cm−2, better than the commercial Pt/C (28 and 43 mV). This work not only expands the application of supramolecular macrocycles in the water splitting field but also provides a new approach for preparing robust electrocatalysts.
Supramolecular macrocycle cucurbit6uril is employed as a carbon source precursor to prepare a series of iridium‐doped N‐rich mesoporous carbon electrocatalysts. The obtained catalysts show ultrahigh electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction both in acidic and alkaline conditions with low overpotentials and high stability.
Conus, a highly diverse species of venomous predators, has attracted significant attention in neuroscience and new drug development due to their rich collection of neuroactive peptides called ...conotoxins. Recent advancements in transcriptome, proteome, and genome analyses have facilitated the identification of conotoxins within Conus' venom glands, providing insights into the genetic features and evolutionary patterns of conotoxin genes. However, the underlying mechanism behind the extraordinary hypervariability of conotoxins remains largely unknown. We analyzed the transcriptomes of 34 Conus species, examining various tissues such as the venom duct, venom bulb, and salivary gland, leading to the identification of conotoxin genes. Genetic variation analysis revealed that a subset of these genes (15.78% of the total) in Conus species underwent positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1, p < 0.01). Additionally, we reassembled and annotated the genome of C. betulinus, uncovering 221 conotoxin-encoding genes. These genes primarily consisted of three exons, with a significant portion showing high transcriptional activity in the venom ducts. Importantly, the flanking regions and adjacent introns of conotoxin genes exhibited a higher prevalence of transposon elements, suggesting their potential contribution to the extensive variability observed in conotoxins. Furthermore, we detected genome duplication in C. betulinus, which likely contributed to the expansion of conotoxin gene numbers. Interestingly, our study also provided evidence of introgression among Conus species, indicating that interspecies hybridization may have played a role in shaping the evolution of diverse conotoxin genes. This study highlights the impact of adaptive evolution and introgressive hybridization on the genetic diversity of conotoxin genes and the evolution of Conus. We also propose a hypothesis suggesting that transposable elements might significantly contribute to the remarkable diversity observed in conotoxins. These findings not only enhance our understanding of peptide genetic diversity but also present a novel approach for peptide bioengineering.
Cancer poses a significant challenge to global public health, seriously threatening human health and life. Although various therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy, ...phototherapy, and starvation therapy, are applied to cancer treatment, their limited therapeutic effect, severe side effects, and unsatisfactory drug release behavior need to be carefully considered. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient drug delivery strategies for improving cancer treatment efficacy and realizing on‐demand drug delivery. Notably, pillararenes, as an emerging class of supramolecular macrocycles, possess unique properties of highly tunable structures, superior host–guest chemistry, facile modification, and good biocompatibility, which are widely used in cancer therapy to achieve controllable drug release and reduce the toxic side effects on normal tissues under various internal/external stimuli conditions. This review summarizes the recent advance of stimuli‐responsive supramolecular delivery systems (SDSs) based on pillararenes for tumor therapy from the perspectives of different assembly methods and hybrid materials, including molecular‐scale SDSs, supramolecular nano self‐assembly delivery systems, and nanohybrid SDSs. Moreover, the prospects and critical challenges of stimuli‐responsive SDSs based on pillararenes for cancer therapy are also discussed.
The recent advancements and application prospects of stimuli‐responsive supramolecular delivery systems (SDSs) based on pillararenes, including molecular‐scale SDSs, supramolecular nano self‐assembly, and nanohybrid SDSs for cancer therapy, are highlighted, and the development prospects and challenges of pillararene‐based SDSs for cancer therapy are also discussed.
