NiO nanoparticles with average particle size of 25
nm were successfully prepared by anodic arc plasma method. The composition, morphology, crystal microstructure, specific surface area, infrared ...spectra, particle size distribution of product were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) N
2 adsorption. The experiment results shown that the NiO nanoparticles are bcc structure with spherical shape and well dispersed, the particle size distribution ranging from 15
nm to 45
nm with the average particle size is about 25
nm, and the specific surface area is 33
m
2/g.The infrared absorption band of NiO nanoparticles show blue-shifts compared with that of bulk NiO.
The Poisson equation has applications across many areas of physics and engineering, such as the dynamic process simulation of ocean current. Here we present a quantum algorithm for solving Poisson ...equation, as well as a complete and modular circuit design. The algorithm takes the HHL algorithm as the framework (where HHL is for solving linear equations). A more efficient way of implementing the controlled rotation, one of the crucial steps in HHL, is developed based on the arc cotangent function. The key point is that the inverse trigonometric function can be evaluated in a very simple recursive way by a binary expansion method. Quantum algorithms for solving square root and reciprocal functions are proposed based on the classical non-restoring method. These advances not only reduce the algorithm’s complexity, but more importantly make the circuit more complete and practical. We demonstrate our circuits on a quantum virtual computing system installed on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. This is an important step toward practical applications of the present circuits as a fast Poisson solver in the near-term hybrid classical/quantum devices.
Coronaviruses cause diseases in humans and livestock. The SARS-CoV-2 is infecting millions of human beings, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main protease (Mpro) of coronavirus plays ...a pivotal role in viral replication and transcription, which, in theory, is an attractive drug target for antiviral drug development. It has been extensively discussed whether Xanthohumol is able to help COVID-19 patients. Here, we report that Xanthohumol, a small molecule in clinical trials from hops (Humulus lupulus), was a potent pan-inhibitor for various coronaviruses by targeting Mpro, for example, betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 value of 1.53 μM), and alphacoronavirus PEDV (IC50 value of 7.51 μM). Xanthohumol inhibited Mpro activities in the enzymatical assays, while pretreatment with Xanthohumol restricted the SARS-CoV-2 and PEDV replication in Vero-E6 cells. Therefore, Xanthohumol is a potent pan-inhibitor of coronaviruses and an excellent lead compound for further drug development.
This paper reports a novel photothermal self-lubricating (PT-SL) anti-icing coating contributing to the structural design of photothermal material and the utilization enhancement of photothermal ...function. The PT-SL coating was created by the hydrolysis-condensation reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) on the surface of pre-prepared flower-like CuS particle, followed by crosslinking yielded flower-like CuS@(SiO2-MPTMS) particle with silicone elastomer (Sylgard 184) in the presence of linear poly(dimethyl siloxane) (l-PDMS). The CuS@(SiO2-MPTMS) particle evidenced as black body in the wavelength range 250–2500 nm endowed the PT-SL coating with high photothermal conversion efficiency at a low content due to its flower-like structure with numerous sharp nanoflakes and small pores. The high temperature via photothermal effect could promote the surface migration of liquid-like hydrophobic l-PDMS, bestowing a self-lubricated dewetting property on PT-SL coating. Consequently, the PT-SL coating with a CuS@(SiO2-MPTMS) content of 5 wt% under sunlight was capable of melting and cleaning ice and frost even at a freezing temperature of −25 °C. Under sunlight-free condition, the PT-SL coating also performed low ice adhesion strength ranging from 14.98 to 9.33 kPa and good durability due to the synergism of crosslinked structure, the uniform distribution of CuS@(SiO2-MPTMS) and the surface coverage of liquid-like l-PDMS.
•Designed flower-like CuS@(SiO2-MPTMS) particle has excellent photothermal effect.•The photothermal effect can promote the surface migration of liquid-like l-PDMS.•CuS@(SiO2-MPTMS) and l-PDMS create a photothermal self-lubricating (PT-SL) coating.•5 wt% of CuS@(SiO2-MPTMS) can make coating melt and clean ice and frost at −25 °C.•Newly prepared PT-SL coating has good anti-icing property with or without sunlight.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and kills over 17 million people per year. In the recent decade, growing epidemiological evidence links air pollution and cardiac ...arrhythmias, suggesting a detrimental influence of air pollution on cardiac electrophysiological functionality. However, the proarrhythmic mechanisms underlying the air pollution-induced cardiac arrhythmias are not fully understood. The purpose of this work is to provide recent advances in air pollution-induced arrhythmias with a comprehensive review of the literature on the common air pollutants and arrhythmias. Six common air pollutants of widespread concern are discussed, namely particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. The epidemiological and clinical reports in recent years are reviewed by pollutant type, and the recently identified mechanisms including both the general pathways and the direct influences of air pollutants on the cellular electrophysiology are summarized. Particularly, this review focuses on the impaired ion channel functionality underlying the air pollution-induced arrhythmias. Alterations of ionic currents directly by the air pollutants, as well as the alterations mediated by intracellular signaling or other more general pathways are reviewed in this work. Finally, areas for future research are suggested to address several remaining scientific questions.
Determining a rational mix ratio for lime-fly ash-stabilized loess (LFSL) can achieve multiple benefits of economy, environmental protection, and engineering quality improvement. This research was ...designed to optimize the mix ratios of LFSL applied in the pavement structure, subgrade, slopes, and foundations by conducting the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test, resilient moduli (MR) test, triaxial test and uniaxial consolidation test on LFSL and lime-stabilized loess (LSL). Combined with the initial consumption of lime (ICL) test result and relevant specifications, the optimized mix ratios are as follows: 2% lime + 11.82% fly ash and 2% lime + 3.95% fly ash can reach the strength requirement of road base and subbase, respectively; 2% lime + 3.84% fly ash in building foundations and subgrade and 2% lime + 3.55% fly ash in slopes can reach the equal improvement effect of the LSL with 8% lime content. Three-factor comprehensive models were established and fitted in well with the experimental results of the LFSL with 2% lime content. Moreover, the development of correlations between UCS and other mechanical indices offers a shortcut for engineering property estimation. Finally, based on the abundant literature on LSL, another approach to estimating engineering quality was proposed for the LFSL with 2% lime content, which enhances the universality and practicability of the estimation models further.
The object detection algorithm is a key component for the autonomous operation of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). However, owing to complex marine conditions, it is difficult to obtain large-scale, ...fully labeled surface object datasets. Shipborne sensors are often susceptible to external interference and have unsatisfying performance, compromising the results of traditional object detection tasks. In this paper, a few-shot surface object detection method is proposed based on multimodal sensor systems for USVs. The multi-modal sensors were used for three-dimensional object detection, and the ability of USVs to detect moving objects was enhanced, realizing metric learning-based few-shot object detection for USVs. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method enhanced the classification results of few-shot tasks. The proposed approach achieves relatively better performance in three sampled sets of well-known datasets, i.e., 2%, 10%, 5% on average precision (AP) and 28%, 24%, 24% on average orientation similarity (AOS). Therefore, this study can be potentially used for various applications where the number of labeled data is not enough to acquire a compromising result.
Anomaly detection over HTTP traffic has attracted much attention in recent years, which plays a vital role in many domains. This paper proposes an efficient machine learning approach to detect ...anomalous HTTP traffic that addresses the problems of existing methods, such as data redundancy and high training complexity. This algorithm draws on natural language processing (NLP) technology, uses the Word2vec algorithm to deal with the semantic gap, and implements Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) weighted mapping of HTTP traffic to construct a low-dimensional paragraph vector representation to reduce training complexity. Then we employs boosting algorithm Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) to build an efficient and accurate anomaly detection model. The proposed method is tested on some artificial data sets, such as HTTP DATASET CSIC 2010, UNSW-NB15, and Malicious-URLs. Experimental results reveal that both the boosting algorithms have high detection accuracy, high true positive rate, and low false positive rate. Compared with other anomaly detection methods, the proposed algorithms require relatively short running time and low CPU memory consumption.
In the 6G era, Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) are anticipated to deliver global coverage, necessitating support for a diverse array of emerging applications in high-mobility, hostile ...environments. Under such conditions, conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation, widely employed in cellular and Wi-Fi communication systems, experiences performance degradation due to significant Doppler shifts. To overcome this obstacle, a novel two-dimensional (2D) modulation approach, namely orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS), has emerged as a key enabler for future high-mobility use cases. Distinctively, OTFS modulates information within the delay-Doppler (DD) domain, as opposed to the time-frequency (TF) domain utilized by OFDM. This offers advantages such as Doppler and delay resilience, reduced signaling latency, a lower peak-to-average ratio (PAPR), and a reduced-complexity implementation. Recent studies further indicate that the direct interplay between information and the physical world in the DD domain positions OTFS as a promising waveform for achieving integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). In this article, we present an in-depth review of OTFS technology in the context of the 6G era, encompassing fundamentals, recent advancements, and future directions. Our objective is to provide a helpful resource for researchers engaged in the field of OTFS.
To evaluate the efficacy and nutrition of single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) in Chinese obese patients in the first postoperative year. Clinical data of 66 ...obese patients who underwent SADI-S surgery at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from November 2018 to May 2022 were retrospectively collected. The weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) were recorded at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Moreover, metabolic disease remission and nutrient deficiencies were assessed at 1 year postoperatively. Overall, 66 patients (38 males and 28 females) were recruited, with a mean age of 35 (18-61) years and an average preoperative BMI of 42.94 kg/m
. Before surgery, 38 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 46 patients had hyperuricemia (HUA), 45 patients had hypertension (HTN), 35 patients had hyperlipidemia, 12 patients had hypercholesterolemia, 12 patients had hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia, and 14 patients had gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (GERD). All patients had undergone a DaVinci robotic or laparoscopic SADI-S surgery, and none converted to laparotomy or died. Four patients developed postoperative complications and were cured and discharged after conservative treatment or surgical treatment. At 3, 6 and 12 months, the average %EWL was 62.07 ± 26.56, 85.93 ± 27.92, and 106.65 ± 29.65%, %TWL was 22.67 ± 4.94, 32.10 ± 5.18, and 40.56 ± 7.89%, respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), blood pressure (BP), and other indexes were significantly lower after one year post-surgery compared with the preoperative period (P < 0.05). The remission rates of T2DM, HUA, HTN, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia 1 year after surgery were 100, 65.2, 62.2, 94.3, 100, and100%, respectively. One year after surgery, the remission rate of GERD was 71.4% (10/14), the rate of new occurrence of GERD was 12.1% (8/66), and the overall incidence rate was 18.2% (12/66). Except for vitamin B12(vit B12), the other nutrient indexes were significantly decreased after 1 year of surgery relative to levels before surgery (P < 0.05). The deficiency rates for vitamin A (vit A), vitamin E (vit E), zinc ion (Zn), and folic acid (FA) were higher (45.5, 25.8, 24.2, and 16.7%, respectively); however, there were no related clinical symptoms. SADI-S had significant effects on weight loss and metabolic disease remission. The main nutrient deficiencies after SADI-S were vit A, vit E, Zn, and FA deficiencies. The long-term efficacy and safety of SADI-S warrant further follow-up.
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