This study aimed to investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging‐derived proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) can be a viable noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy for the quantification of ...living liver donor steatosis. Hepatic steatosis for 143 donors was graded by MRI‐PDFF. Study endpoints included liver volume regeneration in donors, recipient outcomes including length of hospital stay, deaths, primary non‐function (PNF), early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and small for size syndrome (SFSS). Correlation between MRI‐PDFF determined donor steatosis and endpoints were analyzed. Donors had lower steatosis grade than non‐donors. Donor remnant liver regenerated to an average of 82% of pre‐donation volume by 101 ± 24 days with no complications. There was no correlation between percent liver regeneration and steatosis severity. Among recipients, 4 underwent redo‐transplantation and 6 died, with no association with degree of steatosis. 52 recipients (36%) fulfilled criteria for EAD (driven by INR), with no difference in hepatic steatosis between groups. MRI‐PDFF reliably predicted donor outcomes. Living donors with no or mild steatosis based on MRI‐PDFF (ie, <20%) and meeting other criteria for donation can expect favorable post‐surgical outcomes, including liver regeneration. Recipients had a low rate of death or retransplantation with no association between mild hepatic steatosis and EAD.
Background
The increasingly favorable outcomes of live donor liver transplant warrant development of screening techniques to expand current donor pool. Transient elastography (TE) with controlled ...attenuation parameter (CAP) is accessible and has promising diagnostic performance in non‐obese individuals. Here, we demonstrate its utility in grading donor steatosis for risk assessment in living liver donors (LLD).
Study Design
In a prospective study of LLD and recipients, accuracy was determined using MRI‐derived proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as reference.
Results
One hundred and one LLD underwent TE, 95 of whom had available PDFF. Median CAP and MRI‐PDFF were 233 dB/m (206–270) and 2.9% (2.3–4.0), respectively. A CAP threshold of 270 dB/m captured all steatosis which was present in 13 (13%) LLD (AUROC .942, 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity). Performance further improved when excluding obese LLD and limiting analysis to M‐probe (AUROC .971 and .974, respectively, with 87% specificity). There was no difference in CAP and MRI‐PDFF between LLD and nondonors (P = .26 and .21, respectively). Early allograft dysfunction was observed in one recipient (CAP 316, PDFF 9.5%), zero underwent retransplant, and one died from sepsis.
Conclusion
The specific role of CAP in living liver donation warrants further study, beginning with its use as screening tool across peripheral clinics.
The melt polymerization of diglycerol with bicyclic anhydride monomers derived from a naturally occurring monoterpene provides an avenue for polyesters with a high degree of sustainability. The ...hydrophobic anhydrides are synthesized at ambient temperature via a solvent‐free Diels–Alder reaction of α‐phellandrene with maleic anhydride. Subsequent melt polymerizations with tetra‐functional diglycerol are effective under a range of diglycerol/anhydride ratios. The hydrophobicity of α‐phellandrene directly impacts the swelling behavior of the resulting polyesters. The low E factors (<2), large amount of bio‐based content (>75 %), ambient temperature monomer synthesis, and polymer degradability represent key factors in the design of these sustainable polyesters.
Replacing petroleum‐based chemicals: Plant‐based diglycerol polymerizes with bio‐derived anhydride monomers to satisfy most of the 12 principles of green chemistry. The ambient temperature monomer synthesis, low E factors (<2), large amount of bio‐based content (>75 %), solvent free polymerization, and polymer degradability represent key factors in the design of these hydrophobic polyesters.
Right ventricular (RV) output reserve, defined as increase of cardiac output during exercise, is reduced in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Aim of this study was to evaluate the ...association of right heart size measured by echocardiography and invasively measured RV function at rest and during exercise in PAH patients.
Adult PAH-patients who received routine haemodynamic assessment at rest and during exercise by right heart catheterisation and echocardiographic measurement of right heart size (right atrial (RA) and RV area) were included in this study. Clinical, echocardiographic, laboratory, exercise and invasive haemodynamic parameters were retrospectively analysed. The primary endpoint was to assess the association between right heart size and right ventricular function.
Data from 215 PAH patients (age 58.9 ± 15.9 years, 63.3% female, 62.2% double or triple combination treatment) were analysed in this cross-sectional study. Cardiac index was significantly lower for patients with enlarged RA-area > 18 cm2 at rest, and at 25 and 50 W (all p < 0.001) and for patients with enlarged RV area > 20 cm2 at rest, 25, 50 and 75 W (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, pulmonary vascular resistance and mPAP/CO slope (all p < 0.001) were significantly higher and pulmonary arterial compliance (all p < 0.05) was significantly lower in patients with enlarged RA or RV area. RA and RV area correlated with TAPSE/sPAP (both p < 0.001, R − 0.570 and − 0.530).
This study could underline that an enlargement of RA- and RV-area is associated with an impaired RV function at rest and during exercise in patients with PAH.
•Right ventricular output reserve is a crucial prognostic predictor in patients with pulmonary hypertension.•It reflects the capacitance of the right ventricle to adjust to stress and pulmonary loading even at lower workloads.•Right atrial and ventricular area significantly correlate with right ventricular output reserve and cardiac index during exercise.•Patients with enlarged right heart also show impairment in other parameters reflecting right ventricular function.
Nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of adrenal chromaffin PC-12 cells to a neuronal phenotype involves alterations in gene expression and represents a model system to study neuronal ...differentiation. We have used the expressed-sequence-tag approach to identify ≈600 differentially expressed mRNAs in untreated and nerve growth factortreated PC-12 cells that encode proteins with diverse structural and biochemical functions. Many of these mRNAs encode proteins belonging to cellular pathways not previously known to be regulated by nerve growth factor. Comparative expressed-sequence-tag analysis provides a basis for surveying global changes in gene-expression patterns in response to biological signals at an unprecedented scale, is a powerful tool for identifying potential interactions between different cellular pathways, and allows the gene-expression profiles of individual genes belonging to a particular pathway to be followed.
HST1, a new member of the SIR2 family of genes Derbyshire, Myra K; Weinstock, Keith G; Strathern, Jeffrey N
Yeast (Chichester, England),
15 June 1996, Letnik:
12, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, HST1, was identified from among anonymous cDNAs and the complete corresponding genomic clone was isolated and sequenced. HST1 is very closely related to SIR2, ...showing 71% sequence identity over 84% of its length. Polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers on S. cerevisiae DNA identified three additional SIR2‐related genes designated HST2, HST3 and HST4. The sequences of HST2, HST3 and HST4 correspond to sequences previously released by the S. cerevisiae genome sequencing project as U33335, NCBI gi:965078; X87331, NCBI gi:829135; and Z48784, YD9346.03, respectively. Disruption of HST1 has shown no phenotype with respect to mechanisms in which SIR2 has a role, namely, regional silencing of HMLα, or in rDNA recombination. The sequence of HST1 has been deposited in the DDBJ, EMBL and GenBank at NCBI database under Accession Number L47120.
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