Various novel transport phenomena in chiral systems result from the interplay of quantum anomalies with magnetic field and vorticity in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and could survive the ...expansion of the fireball and be detected in experiments. Among them are the chiral magnetic effect, the chiral vortical effect, and the chiral magnetic wave, the experimental searches for which have aroused extensive interest. The goal of this review is to describe the current status of experimental studies at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at BNL and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN and to outline the future work in experiment needed to eliminate the existing uncertainties in the interpretation of the data.
Magnesium (Mg) possesses desirable properties for biomedical applications but suffers from limitations in mechanical strength.
This study explores Mg-Boron Nitride (BNNS) nanocomposites as a ...potential solution. We investigate the microhardnessand cytocompatibility of these nanocomposites to assess their suitability for biomedical use. Vickers microhardness testingrevealed a significant enhancement (1.5 times) in microhardness with the incorporation of 15 vol.% BNNS nanoparticles.
This improvement can be attributed to the presence of BNNS nanoparticles at grain boundaries, hindering dislocationmovement and twinning within the Mg matrix. Cytotoxicity evaluation using mouse osteocyte cells demonstrated goodcytocompatibility for both bare Mg and Mg-BNNS nanocomposites with low BNNS content. The viability improved withincreasing dilution, suggesting a dose-dependent response. These findings highlight the potential of Mg-BNNS nanocompositesfor biomedical applications. The increased microhardness offers promise for improved mechanical performance, while the goodcytocompatibility at low BNNS content indicates biocompatibility. Future research will focus on optimizing BNNS content,exploring surface functionalization strategies for further cytotoxicity mitigation, and conducting long-term biocompatibilitystudies. KCI Citation Count: 0
The risk factors for osteoporosis and its prognostic value in patients with bronchiectasis is not well characterized. We explored the risk factors for osteoporosis and its prognostic impact in ...hospitalized non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients in Southeast China.
This observational cohort study consecutively enrolled 179 hospitalized patients with NCFB bronchiectasis between 2017 and 2021. The risk factors and the impact of osteoporosis on all-cause mortality were assessed.
21.2% (38/179) of hospitalized NCFB patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Patients with osteoporosis had more severe symptoms (assessed by chronic airway assessment test, CAT, median 22 vs. 17, P = 0.017), poorer quality of life (assessed by St. George Respiratory Questionnaires, SQRC, median 42 vs. 27, P = 0.007), more severe disease stage (assessed by bronchiectasis severity index, BSI, median 14 vs. 11, P = 0.02), more comorbidities (assessed by Bronchiectasis Aetiology Comorbidity Index, BACI, median 5 vs. 4, P = 0.021) than patients without. Age, female sex, anemia, post-infection, and history of regular inhaled corticosteroid treatment were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in those patients. 21 patients (11.7%) died over a median follow-up period of 32 months. The all-cause mortality in NCFB patients with osteoporosis 28.94% (11/38) was significantly higher than those without osteoporosis 7.09% (10/141) hazard ratio (HR) 5.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26-12.67, P < 0.001. After adjusting for BSI and other confounding factors, osteoporosis was still independently associated with all-cause mortality in hospitalized NCFB patients (HR 4.29, 95% CI 1.75-10.49, P < 0.001).
Osteoporosis had an independent effect on all-cause mortality in hospitalized NCFB patients. Management of comorbidities, including bone health, is a critical aspect of treating NCFB patients.
STAR measurements of identified-particle correlations in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV are used to explore possible hierarchical structures in the particle-dependent correlations due to the ...chiral magnetic effect (CME) and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). Correlations of p-π (p-Λ), sensitive to the possible CME (CVE), are reported and compared with hadron-hadron (h-h) correlation, yielding a charge separation ordering (p-Λ > p-π ~ h-h). The estimated background strength from transverse momentum conservation (TMC) hardly shows any centrality dependence. For Au+Au collisions at 19.6, 39 and 200 GeV, clear signals above the background are observed for mid-central and peripheral collisions while results from central collisions (< 15%) can not separate from the background. For the results from collisions at 7.7 GeV, all are consistent with the TMC background although the errors are large.
We present the characteristics of the sea surface height (SSH) response to tropical cyclones (TCs), based on a statistical analysis of a long time series of satellite altimeter data. SSH anomalies on ...both along and cross track of TC are found to be dependent on storm intensity and translation velocity. Larger sea surface troughs correspond to the stronger and slower moving TCs. The most striking trough features are located in the vicinity of TC centers. The amplitudes of wedge-shaped troughs decay in the direction normal to the storm tracks. In extreme weather conditions, these troughs are primarily caused by the vertical displacement of isopycnals in the thermocline. For very strong and slow-moving TCs, the magnitude of the sea surface depressions can reach -21 cm. The spatial distribution of SSH anomalies tends to be asymmetric for faster moving TCs, comparing both sides of the TC tracks, becoming more symmetric for slower storms. The conventional altimeter has large gaps between tracks, especially in the tropics, which leads to the absence of SSH anomaly observations. To address this inherent limitation, we apply a semi-empirical model to estimate SSH anomalies, using TC and ocean stratification parameters. When applying the maximum wind speed (MWS) and radius of the maximum wind derived from high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) gridded surface wind fields, the semi-empirical model estimates are in good overall agreement with collocated altimeter observations. These results suggest that indirect calculations of SSH anomalies may serve as an important complement for TC inner core areas when altimeter observations are not available.
Minijets provide useful information on parton interactions in the low transverse-momentum (low- pT ) region. Because minijets produce clusters, we study the clustering properties of produced ...particles in high-energy pp collisions as a first step to identify minijets. We develop an algorithm to find clusters by using the k-means clustering method, in conjunction with a k-number (cluster number) selection principle in the space of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angles. We test the clustering algorithm using events generated by pythia 8.1 for pp collision at s=200 GeV . We find that clustering of low- pT hadrons occurs in high multiplicity events. However, similar clustering properties are also present for particles produced randomly in a finite pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle space. To distinguish the dynamics from random generations of events, it is necessary to examine the correlation between particles and between clusters. We find that the correlations between clusters may provide a useful tool to distinguish the underlying dynamics of the reaction mechanism.
Minijets provide useful information on parton interactions in the low transverse-momentum (low-pT) region. Because minijets produce clusters, we study the clustering properties of produced particles ...in high-energy pp collisions as a first step to identify minijets. We develop an algorithm to find clusters by using the k-means clustering method, in conjunction with a k-number (cluster number) selection principle in the space of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angles. We test the clustering algorithm using events generated by pythia8.1 for p p collision at √s = 200 GeV. We find that clustering of low- p T hadrons occurs in high multiplicity events. However, similar clustering properties are also present for particles produced randomly in a finite pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle space. To distinguish the dynamics from random generations of events, it is necessary to examine the correlation between particles and between clusters. We find that the correlations between clusters may provide a useful tool to distinguish the underlying dynamics of the reaction mechanism.
Ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision produces an extremely hot and dense medium of de-confined quarks and gluons, which is called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). The STAR detector at Relativistic Heavy ...Ion Collider (RHIC) provides powerful experimental capabilities to probe the properties of this new form of matter, as well as novel quantum effects induced by the restoration of fundamental symmetry in qauntum-chromdynamics (QCD). Towards these goals, two research projects have been carried out at STAR/RHIC and will be presented in this thesis: 1) Measurement of mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) multi-strangenss particle (Ω and ) production in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 14.5 GeV; 2) A systematic search for chiral effects using identified particle correlation. Production mechanism for strange hadrons could be dramatically different in the presence of QGP compared to regular pp collisions. Thus strangeness signal is used extensively in Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I) program at RHIC to map out the phase diagram of QCD matter. As a part of BES-I, gold nuclei are collided at √sNN = 14.5 GeV and the productions of mid-rapidity Ω(sss) and (s¯s) are measured for the collisions. The ratio of anti-omega (Ω) over omega (Ω-) is calculated and used to extract thermodynamics parameters (μB/T and μ S/T) of collision system via statistical model. Additionally, the transverse momentum (pT) dependence of nuclear modification factor (Rcp) is measured for meson and the result shows similar feature to energies lower than 19.6 GeV. As a test of coalescence formation mechanism for strange hadrons, N(Ω -+ Ω)2(N( )) as a function of pT is studied and the data from central collision is found to deviate from model calculation and higher energy (√sNN>19.6 GeV) results in pT range from 2.0-3.0 GeV/c, which may imply a transition of created medium whose underlying dominant degrees of freedom change from quarks/gluons to hadrons as collision energy goes below 19.6 GeV. With excellent particle identification capability of STAR, a systematic search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) via measurements of γ 112 correlation and κK parameter for identified particle pairs (ππ, pK, πK, pp, pπ) in Au+Au collisions has been conducted. The κK results are compared to expectations from the A Multi-Phase Transport Model (AMPT) simulations. Except ππ and pp correlations, the CME signals from other particle pairs are consistent with background model. κ K from ππ shows higher values than background expectation, while the result for pp is even lower than the background, which requires further investigation. To search for Chiral Vortical Effect (CVE), a measurement of γ112 and delta correlations for Lambda p pairs in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =27 GeV was carried out and the results show that the CVE induced baryon number separation may exist in mid-central and mid-peripheral collisions with little contamination from flowing resonance decay background. Future development of searches for the chirality effect in heavy ion collisions will also be discussed.
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