Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototypes of time-zero detector for experiments utilizing proton and pion beams with High Acceptance Di-Electron ...Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. LGAD properties have been studied with proton beams at the COoler SYnchrotron facility in Jülich, Germany. We have demonstrated that systems based on a prototype LGAD operated at room temperature and equipped with leading-edge discriminators reach a time precision below 50 ps. The application in the HADES, experimental conditions, as well as the test results obtained with proton beams are presented.
LGAD technology for HADES, accelerator and medical applications Krüger, W.; Bergauer, T.; Galatyuk, T. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2022, Letnik:
1039
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Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototype and full-size beam detector systems for applications requiring simultaneous time and spatial precision. For ...these purposes, a dedicated LGAD strip sensor production has been conducted at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) with different strip geometries and sizes. This contribution will review a wide variety of LGAD applications ranging from the reaction time (T0) detector for experiments utilizing proton and pion beams with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany, to beam structure monitoring at the Superconducting DArmstadt LINear ACcelerator (S-DALINAC) at the Technische Universität Darmstadt operated in energy recovery mode and medical applications at the MedAustron facility in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. We will also give a prospect of further upgrade projects at GSI and FAIR facilities.
Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototypes of time-zero detector for experiments utilizing proton and pion beams with High Acceptance Di-Electron ...Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. LGAD properties have been studied with proton beams at the COoler SYnchrotron (COSY) facility in J\"ulich, Germany. We have demonstrated that systems based on a prototype LGAD operated at room temperature and equipped with leading-edge discriminators reach a time precision below 50 ps. The application in the HADES, experimental conditions, as well as the test results obtained with proton beams are presented.
A counterilow virtual impactor (CVI) designed Tor aircraft use was evaluated at the NASA Icing Research Tunnel in Cleveland, Ohio. Tests were conducted for tunnel speeds of 67 and 100 m s-1, for ...liquid water contents of 0.23-1.4 g m-3, and for a wide range of droplet median volume diameters (MVDs). For droplet distributions with MVDs between about 30 and 240 mum, liquid water content (LWC) measured by the CVI agreed with reference values within the uncertainty of the measurements. For a range of LWCs at 30-mum MVD, the relationship was near 1:1, and no systematic dependence of CVI results on LWC or airspeed was observed. For smaller MVDs, the CVI underestimated LWC. Decreased collection efficiency for small droplets can partially explain this effect, but the difference from reference values was larger than expected based on previous calibrations and comparisons with in situ data. Tunnel runs conducted with a flow-straightening shroud around the CVI inlet produced approximately 20% enhancements in LWC at small MVDs, which are expected for these speeds based on previous modeling studies. The effect of large drop breakup on CVI droplet number concentration was evaluated both theoretically and experimentally; drop breakup was predicted to occur for drops larger than 169 mum a( 67 m s-1 and larger than 76 mum at K)O m s-1. Enhancement in number concentration measured by the CVI was found to be strongly related to observed large drop concentrations, particularly to those in the 3 12-700-mum-diameter range. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
One of the goals of the aerosol column closure experiment Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment (LACE 98) that was carried out over the eastern part of Germany in summer 1998 was to reduce ...uncertainties in the determination of the radiative effects of aerosol particles over land. For this purpose, a variety of closure experiments was carried out during LACE 98 to determine the chemical, physical, optical, and radiative properties of the aerosols during situations of clean and strongly polluted continental air. By coordinated flights of three aircraft, measurements of aerosol microphysical and optical properties, of spectral surface reflectance, and of upwelling and downwelling solar irradiances were performed at altitude levels between 200 m and 11 km. The measurements are used for a comparison with results from a radiative transfer model. The calculations are based on measured aerosol properties such as the total number concentration and particle size distribution. The chemical composition of the aerosol was obtained from an analysis of filter samples in order to obtain the optical properties of the aerosol throughout the relevant spectral range by use of Mie theory. The results for the daily averaged solar radiative forcing due to aerosol particles reveal cooling of the total Earth/atmosphere system ranging from −4 to −13 W m−2 in cloud‐free conditions.
A counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) designed for aircraft use was evaluated at the NASA Icing Research Tunnel in Cleveland, Ohio. Tests were conducted for tunnel speeds of 67 and 100 m s-1, for ...liquid water contents of 0.23-1.4 g m-3, and for a wide range of droplet median volume diameters (MVDs). For droplet distributions with MVDs between about 30 and 240 mu m, liquid water content (LWC) measured by the CVI agreed with reference values within the uncertainty of the measurements. For a range of LWCs at 30- mu m MVD, the relationship was near 1:1, and no systematic dependence of CVI results on LWC or airspeed was observed. For smaller MVDs, the CVI underestimated LWC. Decreased collection efficiency for small droplets can partially explain this effect, but the difference from reference values was larger than expected based on previous calibrations and comparisons with in situ data. Tunnel runs conducted with a flow-straightening shroud around the CVI inlet produced approximately 20% enhancements in LWC at small MVDs, which are expected for these speeds based on previous modeling studies. The effect of large drop breakup on CVI droplet number concentration was evaluated both theoretically and experimentally; drop breakup was predicted to occur for drops larger than 169 mu m at 67 m s-1 and larger than 76 mu m at 100 m s-1. Enhancement in number concentration measured by the CVI was found to be strongly related to observed large drop concentrations, particularly to those in the 312-700- mu m-diameter range.
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