It has been observed in the literature that measurements of low-mass Drell–Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectra at low center-of-mass energies
s
are not well described by perturbative QCD ...calculations in collinear factorization in the region where transverse momenta are comparable with the DY mass. We examine this issue from the standpoint of the Parton Branching (PB) method, combining next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of the hard process with the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions. We compare our predictions with experimental measurements at low DY mass, and find very good agreement. In addition we use the low mass DY measurements at low
s
to determine the width
q
s
of the intrinsic Gauss distribution of the PB-TMDs at low evolution scales. We find values close to what has earlier been used in applications of PB-TMDs to high-energy processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and HERA. We find that at low DY mass and low
s
even in the region of
p
T
/
m
DY
∼
1
the contribution of multiple soft gluon emissions (included in the PB-TMDs) is essential to describe the measurements, while at larger masses (
m
DY
∼
m
Z
) and LHC energies the contribution from soft gluons in the region of
p
T
/
m
DY
∼
1
is small.
We present the first determination of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) photon densities with the Parton Branching method. The photon distribution is generated perturbatively without intrinsic ...photon component. The input parameters for quarks and gluons are determined from fits to precision measurements of deep inelastic scattering cross sections at HERA. The TMD densities are used to predict the mass and transverse momentum spectra of very high mass lepton pairs from both Drell-Yan production and Photon-Initiated lepton processes at the LHC.
Photon TMD Jung, H; S Taheri Monfared; Wening, T
arXiv.org,
06/2021
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
We present a complete set of transverse momentum dependent and collinear parton densities including the photon over a wide phase space. The photon density appears when evolving parton distributions ...with QED corrections. The photons are produced by perturbative radiation using the Parton Branching method. The QCD partons are constrained by a fit to HERA data. The lepton pair production at high masses is described within the extracted TMD densities.
We present the first determination of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) photon densities with the Parton Branching method. The photon distribution is generated perturbatively without intrinsic ...photon component. The input parameters for quarks and gluons are determined from fits to precision measurements of deep inelastic scattering cross sections at HERA. The TMD densities are used to predict the mass and transverse momentum spectra of very high mass lepton pairs from both Drell-Yan production and Photon-Initiated lepton processes at the LHC.
It has been observed in the literature that measurements of low-mass Drell-Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectra at low center-of-mass energies \(\sqrt{s}\) are not well described by perturbative QCD ...calculations in collinear factorization in the region where transverse momenta are comparable with the DY mass. We examine this issue from the standpoint of the Parton Branching (PB) method, combining next-to-leading-order (NLO) calculations of the hard process with the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions. We compare our predictions with experimental measurements at low DY mass, and find very good agreement.In addition we use the low mass DY measurements at low \(\sqrt{s}\) to determine the width \(q_s\) of the intrinsic Gauss distribution of the PB-TMDs at low evolution scales. We find values close to what has earlier been used in applications of PB -TMDs to high-energy processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and HERA. We find that at low DY mass and low \(\sqrt{s}\) even in the region of \(p_t/m_{DY} \sim 1\) the contribution of multiple soft gluon emissions (included in the PB-TMDs) is essential to describe themeasurements, while at larger masses (\(m_{DY} \sim m_{Z}\)) and LHC energies the contribution from soft gluons in the region of \(p_t/m_{DY}\sim 1\) is small.
This overview of the use of technology in Missouri libraries describes the statewide bibliographic union database; elementary and secondary school projects using the Internet; full-text magazine ...database; remote electronic access; state depository program for digitizing resources; networks; electronic publishing; interlibrary loan; public and academic library technology activities; and the University of Missouri library system. (LRW)
We examine implications of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) for banks using business models particularly dependent on customer deposits. Employing unique customer data hand-collected from ...German savings and cooperative banks, we generate conversion rates for deposits into a CBDC. Even at moderate conversion rates, most banks would have experienced funding problems and lost profits if a CBDC had been introduced in most years from 2000 onward. Our results are relevant for commercial banks, contributing to better assessments of the impact of CBDCs on liquidity and profitability and help central banks to identify implementation costs for banks within historical and hypothetical interest rate environments.
•We examine the implications of a CBDC introduction for highly deposit-dependent banks.•We calculate conversion rates based on hand-collected bank customer information.•We detect disintermediation effects in past and hypothetical monetary policy scenarios.•Central banks should consider consequences of deposit outflows for commercial banks.
The properties of adaptation within the locomotor and balance control systems directed towards improving one's recovery strategy for fall prevention are not well understood. The purpose of this study ...was to examine adaptive control of gait stability to repeated slip exposure leading to a reduction in backward loss of balance (and hence in protective stepping). Fourteen young subjects experienced a block of slips during walking. Pre- and post-slip onset stability for all slip trials was obtained as the shortest distance at touchdown (slipping limb) and lift-off (contralateral limb), respectively, between the measured center of mass (COM) state, that is, position and velocity relative to base of support (BOS) and the mathematically predicted threshold for backward loss of balance. An improvement in pre- and post-slip onset stability correlated with a decrease in the incidence of balance loss from 100% (first slip) to 0% (fifth slip). While improvements in pre-slip stability were affected by a proactive anterior shift in COM position, the significantly greater post-slip onset improvements resulted from reductions in BOS perturbation intensity. Such reactive changes in BOS perturbation intensity resulted from a reduction in the demand on post-slip onset braking impulse, which was nonetheless influenced by the proactive adjustments in posture and gait pattern (e.g., the COM position, step length, flat foot landing and increased knee flexion) prior to slip onset. These findings were indicative of the maturing process of the adaptive control. This was characterized by a shift from a reliance on feedback control for postural correction to being influenced by feedforward control, which improved pre-slip stability and altered perturbation intensity, leading to skateover or walkover (>0.05 m or <0.05 m displacement, respectively) adaptive strategies. Finally, the stability at contralateral limb lift-off was highly predictive of balance loss occurrence and its subsequent rapid reduction, supporting the notion of the internal representations of stability limits that could be modified and updated, as a key component in the adaptive control.
Although there is a shift in consumers' consumption behavior towards more sustainable patterns across a variety of different contexts, sustainable apparel has still not become a mainstream trend ...despite the textile industry's excessive usage of valuable resources. Albeit extant research found different potential barriers elucidating why consumers hesitate to purchase such apparel, it remains unclear whether sustainability really matters to consumers in a clothing context and further, which aspects are of relevance during consumers' purchase decision. We thus conducted two studies with four best-worst scaling experiments in which 4,350 online shoppers assessed the importance of both conventional and sustainable apparel attributes, as well as sustainable apparel attributes only, and the willingness to pay for sustainable product attributes. We further inquired the importance of conventional as well as sustainable online shop attributes. Our findings indicate that conventional apparel attributes such as fit and comfort, price-performance ratio, and quality are of higher relevance to consumers than sustainable attributes. The most important sustainable apparel attributes are the garment's durability, fair wages and working conditions, as well as an environmentally friendly production process. Consumers also indicated to prefer the latter three attributes to a 20% discount. Moreover, consumers demand less as well as sustainable packaging, free returns, and discount campaigns. Our findings reveal a gender gap regarding green consumerism with female respondents assessing most sustainable attributes as more important than male respondents do.
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