Adhesion of an organic coating is related to the density of weak secondary bonds, in general, and strong primary chemical bonds, in particular, produced between the coating and the substrate as well ...as
their distributions, and also on the morphology and quality of coating. A 'green technology' for metal finishing, based on in situ phosphatizing coatings (ISPCs), is described to enhance the presence of
primary bonds and applied to cold-rolled steel, 2024 T3 aluminum alloy, and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. When an ISPC is applied to an untreated metal substrate, the in situ phosphatizing reagent (ISPR)
reacts chemically and/or physically with the metal surface to produce a metal phosphate layer and simultaneously forms covalent phosphorus-oxygen-carbon linkages with the polymer coating. In
an ISPC, the ISPR is designed both to phosphate the metal surface in situ and, at the same time, to catalyze the curing of the polymer coating or paint. Paint systems cured by ISPR give a dense and
corrosion-resistant and a thermally stable and defect-free coating. The primary bonds and the less permeable paint coatings produced in ISPCs are shown to have enhanced adhesion and inhibit substrate corrosion.
Moreover, an ISPC is a chromate-free single-step process in which the phosphate formation and polymer curing can occur independently, but simultaneously.
The goal of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Design Institute for Physical Property Data (AIChE DIPPR
®) Project 911 has been to develop a comprehensive database of physical properties for ...chemicals that are regulated by various agencies of the United States government, and are important to the chemical process industry. Project 911 collects and quantitatively reviews environmental, safety and health (ESH) data for over 1000 chemicals and 56 physical properties. Project 912 analyzes and uses published estimation methods and develops new algorithms to generate predicted values where experimental data do not exist. Physical properties within Project 911 include aqueous solubility, octanol–water partition coefficients, vapor pressure, aquatic toxicity, bioconcentration factor, flash point, and activity coefficients at infinite dilution. Data are reviewed qualitatively for purity of chemicals and type of experiment, reported precision of measured data, and agreement with other investigators. An extensive quantitative review of the Project 911 database uses statistical quality control (SQC) techniques, where individual data points are compared to the highest rated data value from the qualitative review. The SQC review also tests data values using thermodynamic relationships. Recommended data values and estimation techniques are delivered to the user by a new Visual Basic™ software product, Environ 2001™. Results to date show an error rate of 1.5% for nearly 130,000 data values in the Project 911 database.
Results from a complete set of polarization-transfer observables for quasifree ({ital {rvec p}},{ital {rvec n}}) scattering at 495 MeV are reported. Measurements were carried out on CD{sub 2}, ...carbon, and calcium targets at a laboratory scattering angle of 18{degree} using the new neutron time-of-flight facility at LAMPF. The ratio of spin-longitudinal to spin-transverse responses at a momentum transfer of approximately 1.72 fm{sup {minus}1} is extracted from the data and compared to distorted-wave calculations incorporating a random-phase approximation description of the nuclear response. No enhancement is observed in the experimental ratio.
The vascular endothelium is intimately involved in a wide variety of normal physiological processes, including coagulation/anticoagulation, the maintenance of vascular tone, and pathological ...processes, including reperfusion injury, inflammatory syndromes, and tumor cell metastasis. This review discusses the importance of increased adhesive molecule expression on the endothelial surface in promoting circulating inflammatory cell-endothelial adherence in inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of the vascular endothelium in reperfusion injury, altered microvascular permeability states, and atherogenesis.
Keynes and the First World War Fuller, Edward W; Whitten, Robert C
Libertarian papers,
01/2017, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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It is widely believed that John Maynard Keynes wrote The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) to protest the reparations imposed on Germany after the First World War. The central thesis of this ...paper is that Britain’s war debt problem, not German reparations, led Keynes to write The Economic Consequences of the Peace. His main goal at the Paris Peace Conference was to restore Britain’s economic hegemony by solving the war debt problem he helped to create. We show that Keynes was responsible for many of the most notorious aspects of the reparations section of the Treaty, and he crafted his proposals in light of mercantilist theories designed to keep Germany relatively poor after the war. His desperate desire to solve Britain’s war debt problem, mixed with his mercantilist ideas, inspired him to write The Economic Consequences of the Peace.
The method of anticoagulation in patients undergoing major vascular surgery with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is controversial. We present two cases in which a bolus only ...technique using recombinant hirudin (Lepirudin or Refludan) was used successfully in patients with HIT scheduled for vascular surgery.
