Many modern e-cigarette brands contain equivalent or higher nicotine levels than traditional cigarettes.
To examine differences in four nicotine dependence indicators (i.e., use within 30minutes of ...waking, cravings, needing to use, and frequent use) among adolescents (aged 12–17 years) with past 30-day (P30D) exclusive use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or dual use of both.
Data were from Wave 5 (2018–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study (n=1060; N=2053,659). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine differences in indicators by P30D e-cigarette and cigarette use behavior (exclusive vs. dual use) and brand (e-cigarette use: JUUL vs. non-JUUL vs. Unknown).
The odds of frequent use among adolescents with JUUL (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI=1.02–4.37) and non-JUUL (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI=0.95–4.77) use were similar and paralleled that for dual use (AOR: 3.50; 95% CI=1.46–8.43) but were stronger (JUUL only) than exclusive cigarette use. The odds of using within 30minutes of waking for adolescents with JUUL (AOR: 2.23; 95% CI=0.80–6.25) and non-JUUL (AOR:1.42; 95% CI=0.47–4.32) use were similar and paralleled that for both dual (AOR=3.00; 95% CI=1.01–8.88) and exclusive cigarette use. For adolescents who used unknown brands, the odds of all indicators paralleled exclusive cigarette use but were lower than JUUL, non-JUUL, and dual use.
Compared to exclusive cigarette use, symptoms of nicotine dependence are similar for adolescents with exclusive e-cigarette use, irrespective of brand. Symptoms of nicotine dependence for JUUL and non-JUUL use parallel dual use. Tobacco regulation should consider these findings when assessing the abuse liability of e-cigarettes.
•Nicotine dependence for adolescents with e-cigarette use parallels cigarette use.•Nicotine dependence for adolescents with JUUL and non-JUUL use parallels dual use.•JUUL use is associated with higher use frequency than cigarette use.•Non-JUUL e-cigarette use is associated with similar use frequency as cigarette use.•Unknown e-cigarette brand use has a similar use frequency as cigarette use.
The present study examined (1) intraindividual changes in the frequency of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use across young adulthood, 18 to 30 years old, and (2) if depressive symptoms ...and sensation-seeking tendencies, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Data were from a longitudinal study of students recruited from 24 Texas colleges and followed across six waves from fall 2015 to spring 2019. Participants (
n
= 1298; 36.3% non-Hispanic white, 56.3% women) were 18 to 26 years old in fall 2015 and all reported past 30-day ENDS use on at least one wave. We used growth curve modeling for an accelerated longitudinal design to examine if ENDS use frequency changed with increasing age and if depressive symptoms and sensation seeking, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Results showed that ENDS use frequency increased with increasing age. Depressive symptoms and sensation seeking were not independently associated with more frequent ENDS use or an accelerated increase in ENDS use frequency across increasing age. However, a significant two-way interaction indicated that young adults with elevated depressive symptoms used ENDS more frequently, but only when they had higher levels of sensation seeking. Findings indicate that young adults with depressive symptoms are a heterogeneous population and that those with high levels of sensation-seeking tendencies are at elevated risk for more frequent ENDS use. Interventions for young adults high in both sensation-seeking and depressive symptoms may help prevent and decrease ENDS use.
•Time to first cravings did not differ by internalizing symptoms among young people.•Time to first really needing to use did not differ by internalizing symptoms.•Time to first use within 30 min did ...not differ by internalizing symptoms.
To determine the relationship between past-year internalizing symptoms and the time to first report of signs of nicotine dependence among young people.
Secondary analysis using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) (Waves 1–5; 2013–2019). The study included 2,102 (N = 5,031,691) young people (age 12–23 years) who reported past-30-day (P30D) e-cigarette use in one or more waves. Kaplan Meier curves, stratified by past year internalizing symptoms were used to estimate the time to the first report of three nicotine dependence symptoms (i.e., use within 30 min of waking, cravings, and really needing to use) following the first P30D e-cigarette use. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (AHR), comparing any past year internalizing symptoms to no past year internalizing symptoms.
We found no significant differences between past year internalizing symptoms and the time to the first report of cravings (AHR = 1.30, 95 % CI = 92–1.85), really needing to use (AHR = 1.31; 95 % CI = 0.92–1.89) and use within 30 min of waking for follow-up times 0–156 weeks (AHR = 0.84; 95 % CI = 0.55–1.30) and > 156 weeks (AHR = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.04–4.67) respectively.
Past year internalizing symptoms did not modify the time to the first report of nicotine dependence among youth with P30D e-cigarette use. Further research is needed to understand how changing internalizing symptoms and e-cigarette use frequency influence nicotine dependence over time and, how this relationship impacts cessation behavior.
Long-chain amidopropyl betaines are known for their ability to self-assemble into viscoelastic wormlike micellar structures. Here, we explore the effect of tailgroup molecular architecture on this ...process, comparing five molecules, each with C18 chains but different levels of unsaturation and branching. The surfactants are synthesized from stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and isostearic acids. The self-assembly of these molecules in aqueous solutions is explored using small- and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS). It is seen that optimum wormlike micelle formation is achieved for the oleic-chained surfactant, and the alignment of self-assembled structures is further explored using rheo-SANS. The more highly unsaturated molecules form rodlike micelles, whereas the stearic-tailed molecule shows a pronounced Krafft point and the isostearic-chained surfactant is entirely water-insoluble. These results demonstrate the critical importance of tailgroup geometry on surfactant properties and self-assembly for this industrially important class of surfactants.
•One-third of young adults reported past 30-day exposure to social media tobacco advertising.•One-fourth of young adults reported ever engaging with tobacco-related social media.•Engagement with ...anti-tobacco messaging was more prevalent than pro-engagement.•Exposure and engagement were significantly associated with subsequent tobacco use.
This study examines whether self-reported exposure to cigarette, e-cigarette, cigar, and hookah advertising, and engagement with pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco social media, are associated with past 30-day tobacco use one-year later, among young adults.
Data were from two waves of the Marketing and Promotions Across Colleges in Texas study, a multi-wave study of two- and four-year Texas college students (N = 3947; M age = 23.3, SD = 2.3; 64% female; 35% white, 31% Hispanic, 19% Asian, 8% African-American/black, 7% multi-racial/other) from 24 urban-area schools. Multiple logistic regression examined longitudinal associations between recall of exposure and engagement at baseline (wave 6, spring 2017) and tobacco use at one-year follow-up (wave 7, spring 2018), accounting for baseline demographic characteristics and tobacco use.
Self-reported exposure to and engagement with tobacco-related social media were significantly associated with past 30-day use of e-cigarettes, cigars, and hookah at one-year follow up; engagement was also associated with cigarette use. Controlling for other social media, exposure to any product advertising via Reddit increased risk for e-cigarette use (AOR = 1.92 95% CI: 1.17–3.14). Pinterest exposure increased risk for cigar use (2.92 1.24–6.85). Snapchat exposure increased risk for hookah use (2.94 1.70–5.11). Pro-tobacco engagement increased risk for future use of all products (1.77 1.29–2.42). Anti-tobacco engagement increased risk for use of cigars (1.59 1.12–2.27) and hookah (1.69 1.27–2.25).
Findings demonstrate that encountering tobacco-related social media is an important risk factor for future tobacco use among young people. Social media should be a focus of federal regulation, counter-marketing and health communication campaigns, and intervention.
To determine the time to first report of signs of nicotine dependence among youth exclusive e-cigarette users and compare this time to that for exclusive cigarette users.
Secondary analysis of data ...(Waves 1–5; 2013–2019) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health was conducted. Youth never tobacco users in the United States who reported exclusive past-30-day (P30D) e-cigarette or cigarette use (n = 2940, N = 5,391,642) in at least one wave were included in the current analysis. Survival analysis was used to estimate the time to the first report of three nicotine dependence indicators (i.e., “use within 30 minutes of waking”; “cravings” and “really needing to use”) following the first report of P30D use. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR).
There were no significant differences in the time to first report of “use within 30 minutes of waking” (aHR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.87–1.40) and “cravings” (aHR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.81–1.47) between exclusive P30D e-cigarette use and exclusive P30D cigarette use. However, compared to exclusive P30D e-cigarette use, the hazard of first reporting “really needing to use” tobacco was 39% (aHR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05–1.84) times higher for those who reported exclusive P30D cigarette use after controlling for covariates.
Compared to exclusive P30D cigarette use, no differences in the time to first report of signs of nicotine dependence (“use within 30 minutes” and “cravings”) were observed among exclusive P30D e-cigarette users. Policymakers and regulatory agencies should consider this evidence when assessing the abuse liability of e-cigarette products.
•25% of youth cigarette smokers first report dependence within 2 years of P30D use.•25% of youth e-cigarette users first report dependence within 2 years of P30D use.•Time to first cravings for youth e-cigarette use is similar to cigarette smoking.•Time to first use within 30 minutesfor youth e-cigarette use parallels cigarettes.•Time to first really needing to use occurs sooner for cigarette than e-cigarette use.
We aimed to determine (1) the most commonly used brands of electronic vaping products (EVPs) by young adults in Texas during Spring 2023, and (2) if brand preferences differ by sociodemographic ...characteristics, current cigarette smoking, and current cannabis vaping.
Participants were 2,491 18-25-year-olds (Mean age = 20.6; 62.9% female; 29.7% sexual gender minority; 35.9% non-Hispanic White, 45.0% Hispanic/Latino, 3.5% non-Hispanic Black, 11.6% non-Hispanic Asian, and 4.0% two or more races or another race/ethnicity) enrolled in 21 Texas colleges during February-March 2023 who used EVPs in the past 30-days.
Esco Bar was the most popular EVP brand (32.5%), followed by Elf Bar (19%), Vuse (10.1%), and all other brands were used by < 10% of participants. Nearly 20% of participants reported not having a usual brand. Participants who used Esco Bar, Elf Bar, and Puff Bar were younger (i.e., 18-20 years old), female, and Hispanic/Latino. Vuse, JUUL, and Smok were used by participants who were older (i.e., 21-25 years old), male, non-Hispanic white, used EVPs daily, and currently smoked cigarettes.
The present study extends prior research by providing contemporary data on young adult EVP brand preferences in Texas during Spring 2023. Many of the brands commonly used by young adults (e.g., Esco Bar, Elf Bar) are not currently authorized for marketing or sale by the Food and Drug Administration. Findings underscore a need for additional enforcement efforts that prohibit the distribution and sale of these products to, in turn, prevent EVP use among young adults.
The association between cigarette use and depression has been documented in many studies. Fewer studies have examined other tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and hookah ...that are used by young adults. This study examined whether increased frequency of use of these products was associated with depressive symptoms in a cohort of n = 5236 Texas college students followed from 2014 to 2017. To analyze the longitudinal data, a hierarchical model was used. Model results showed that increased frequency of single product use of cigarettes, refillable e-cigarettes and hookah was associated with depressive symptoms. Refillable and disposable e-cigarettes were examined separately and results did not provide evidence of a different association for each type of e-cigarette when cigarettes were not also used. Dual use of cigarettes with another product was also examined. Dual use was associated with higher depressive symptoms for most product combinations. However, infrequent dual use of disposable e-cigarettes and cigarettes may not be associated with depressive symptoms. Suggestions for further research are included.
•This study examined the association between frequency of product use and depressive symptoms for 6 tobacco products.•Frequency of single product use was associated with depressive symptoms for cigarettes, refillable e-cigarettes & hookah.•Dual use was associated with higher depressive symptoms than single product use for most product combinations.•Infrequent dual use of disposable e-cigarettes & cigarettes was not associated with higher depressive symptoms.
To examine the relationship between current cigarette smoking patterns and three established risk factors for suicide using nationally representative data of high school students in the United ...States.
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS)-United States, 2017. Multivariable, logistic regressions examined the association between 3 cigarette smoking behaviors i.e., past 30-day cigarette (n = 13,731), frequent (n = 1,093) and heavy (n = 880) smoking and 3 risk factors for suicidal outcomes feeling sad or hopeless, suicidal ideation, suicide plan assessed over the previous year.
Among high school cigarette smokers, smoking 11 or more cigarettes per day (i.e., heavy smoking) was associated with 3.43 (95% CI: 1.69, 6.94) greater odds of reporting feeling sad or hopeless, 2.97 (95% CI: 1.60, 5.51) greater odds of reporting suicidal ideations, and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.32) greater odds of reporting having ever planned a suicide attempt, controlling for covariates.
Our study shows that it is not simply cigarette smoking, but heavy cigarette smoking that is a risk factor for suicidal outcomes among adolescents.
A comprehensive plan is needed to accommodate heavy adolescent smokers who are at increased suicidal risk.
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