ANALYSIS OF MICROPOLLUTANTS IN URBAN WATER RUN-OFF Hrudková, Lenka; Wittmanová, Réka; Škultétyová, Ivona ...
International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference : SGEM,
01/2023, Letnik:
23, Številka:
3.1
Conference Proceeding
Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas enormously impact the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent prolonged dry periods, extreme downpours with heavy heaviness or prolonged ...rainfall are an extreme problem for effective water management in cities. Extreme weather changes also risk the environment when infiltrating or relieving highly contaminated water from the first run-off. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution in which various pollutants are concentrated. In our research, we focus on evaluating water quality from surface run-off with an emphasis on concentrations of micropollutants. The analyses aim to assess concentrations of heavy metals, microplastics, and other pollutants in surface run-off concerning recipient water quality and groundwater quality. The research focuses on evaluating the current state of stormwater management in urbanized areas with a focus on the spread of pollution and the possibility of capturing such contaminated water with subsequent disposal to a wastewater treatment plant.
The inhabitants produce the sump waters and accumulate temporarily in the sumps. This is sewage that must be treated before it is discharged to surface waters. Slovak legislation does not allow the ...discharge of such waters into the soil. The possibilities of sump water treatment are given by the water management equipment of the given locality where sewage water is produced. The most common treatment method is transported at municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are, however, largely congested. In many cases, the sump water is no longer able to receive in WWTP. Another way is domestic wastewater treatment plants, and also they are wastewater treatment plants exclusively for sump waters. Sump waters have a predominantly high organic content and therefore their quality needs to be constantly monitored. The most important monitored characteristics of sump waters are COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD5 (Biological Oxygen Demand). The high concentration of these substances in the sump water can adversely affect the processes at the municipal wastewater treatment plant. Due to the rapid development of rural settlements without a functioning sewerage system, it is necessary to intensify or adapt the existing wastewater treatment plants. However, many engineers see the solution to this problem in the construction of separate wastewater treatment plants for sump waters.
Due to the population increasing in urban settlements, the use of the territory and the surface variability of urban settlements are changing rapidly. The development of areas covered with impervious ...materials contributes to accelerating the runoff process, intensifying surface runoff concentration and the concentration of surface runoff pollution. Surface runoff from urban catchments can be characterized as the primary source of the receiving water's pollution during torrential rains. The aim of the paper is to obtain information about the quality of surface runoff from paved areas of roofs and roads in the urbanized area of the city of Trnava and about the of pollutants concentration by analyzing the quality parameters of the samples taken. Rainwater runoff sampling took place from 26 of November 2021 to 8 of April 2022. Ten samples were taken during the mentioned period. The number of samples is directly proportional to the current precipitation situation in the area. The aim was to capture the first flush due to the assumption of the highest pollution concentration in the initial phase of surface runoff formation. Due to low precipitation and insufficient surface runoff formation, the sampling was irregular. The analyzed qualitative parameters are pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, and nitrogen oxides. By comparing the quality of samples and air quality on individual days, we can state that air quality partially affects the quality of samples taken. By comparing the air quality and the daily total precipitation on separate sampling days, we can conclude that pollutants accumulate in the air and on paved areas during a more extended rainy period. The following precipitation event washes away paved areas and cleans the air. The surface runoff then contains a higher concentration of pollutants than the runoff from the precipitation event after a short rainless or multi-day precipitation event.
Lengthening periods between precipitation have been recorded and we can see a change in the distribution of rain over time. An increased number of these phenomena has also been confirmed by the IPCC. ...Due to this change in the redistribution of rainwater and the impact of high urbanization, sewerage systems are affected. The problem of a high number of impermeable areas is also associated with a high degree of urbanization. During torrential rains in combination with impermeable surfaces, the time of outflow into the sewerage network is reduced and the amount of water drained through the sewerage network is increased. In these cases, the flow in the sewer network may be higher than the design flow and network overload may occur. These networks contain combined sewer overflows (CSO's), which are currently considered to be sources of pollution for the recipient. The aim of this work is to use CFD modeling to assess the sewer network, CSOs themselves and find a suitable solution. The city of Trnava was chosen as the locality of interest, where there are 22 CSO's.
The last several decades, the climate change, as one of the most serious environmental issues, has become a widely spread topic not only to individuals, but the whole international community. Weather ...extremities, such as tropical days, summer heat waves, switching of periods of extreme precipitation with periods of drought causing the decrease of water reserve capacities cannot simply be overlooked. Due to alarming climate situation, especially in urban zones, the adaptive measures are much needed, even necessary. One of the measures, known as blue-green infrastructure (henceforth BGI), in the UK considered a significant tool for the support of sustainable development in both urban and rural zones, represents a network of natural and semi-natural elements binding water and vegetation together, which can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change on ecosystems and natural resources, and improve the quality of life and health of people. The reasons, why the notion blue-green infrastructure is becoming known in Europe more and more, are connected to the problems with droughts, frequent lifethreatening floods, extreme weather conditions and last but not least, with insufficient rainwater soaking due to non-permeable surfaces in urban zones. In order to make the process of adaptation to climate change systematic and complex, an adaptation plan is needed to enable the urban population to react to expected climate change impact, to emerging risks, as well as exploit the opportunities the climate change may bring. An inseparable part of the strategy to fulfil the Agenda 2030 and adopted targets of the Paris Agreement, the European Green Deal is a new strategic plan for European Union member states which emphasizes the countryside protection with regard to the sustainable development in order to reach climate neutrality by 2050.
In recent decades, small domestic wastewater treatment plants have become popular in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The reason for the expansion of decentralized wastewater management is that ...many rural areas have scattered settlements, and a centralized wastewater disposal system is economically, technically demanding, and inefficient. The disadvantage of using small domestic treatment plants in terms of environmental protection is that these facilities have yet to be significantly monitored. Due to improper operation and maintenance, they can have a long-term negative impact on the environment and jeopardize the quality of water resources. Currently, a new law amendment is being introduced in Slovakia to promote regular inspections of these facilities. The aim of this contribution is to summarize the knowledge in the field of decentralized wastewater treatment in rural areas, present the new legislative framework, and focus on the need to develop a methodology for addressing identified problematic sites and proposing measures to ensure the good condition of groundwater and surface water in the territory of the Slovak Republic.
The incidence of extreme rainfall has increased in recent decades. This negative impact of climate change also calls attention to when dealing with the recovery and reconstruction of sewer networks. ...Slovak cities have built a combined sewer network, which in the event of heavy rainfall, is not able to fulfill their primary function. The pipes are not able to carry the large volume of mixed wastewater, and network overload occurs. This paper focuses on the assessment of individual collectors of the sewerage network of the city of Trnava. The appraisal of the sewerage network will use a high - intensity rain and two different return periods (once every 10 years and once every 20 years).
Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas have an enormous impact on the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent long-term dry periods, extreme downpours with large quantities or ...long-lasting rains are an extreme problem for efficient water management in cities. Extreme changes in the weather also result in a risk to the environment when soaking in or relieving highly contaminated water from the first flush. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution, in which various types of pollutants are concentrated. In our research, we focus on the evaluation of water quality from surface runoff with an emphasis on concentrations of micropollutants on a global scale. The article is focused on research in the subject area and is a summary of the current view on the issue of micropollutants in water from surface runoff. Research in the field of pollution focuses on the evaluation of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, non-polar extractable substances, halogen organic compounds or nitrogenous pollution.
Due to the historical development of individual regions in Slovakia, there are still areas without access to public water networks. The main reason is the challenging and uneconomical construction of ...public networks in scattered rural settlements. The small wastewater treatment plants have gained popularity in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The increasing adoption of decentralized wastewater management is a result of the scattered layout of numerous rural settlements, presenting economic challenges, technical complexities, and inefficiencies in the implementation of a centralized wastewater disposal system. The objective of this paper is to establish a concise methodology for conducting a Benefit-Cost Analysis within the context of the Slovak Republic. This methodology will subsequently serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool when proposing wastewater disposal methods in rural settlements. This study will assess the potential wastewater disposal methods in the specific rural area, while clarifying the proper execution of the benefit-cost analysis.
The purpose of mathematical modeling of runoffflow in sewer networks is to assess the hydraulic capacity and monitor their behavior in different conditions to predict the future state. Models of ...sewer networks are part of the design process. Their advantage is the possibility of simulating the future state of the network and the precipitation and runoffprocess in the context of climate change. With the help of simulations, it is possible to anticipate future conditions in the river basin and thus effectively design new networks. The presented paper focuses on using the MIKE URBAN model to assess of the sewer network of the city of Trnava, which lies in western Slovakia. The city's sewer network is obsolete and requires the reconstruction of certain sections. Problem sections of the network were identified using modeling. Reduced block rain with a return period of once in 2 years was used to simulate the storm event. The dry weather flow was simulated as a cyclic boundary condition corresponding to the water consumption unevenness curve.
