•Production-based CO2 emissions are estimated for eleven cities in China in 2012.•Consumption-based CO2 emissions are estimated using input-output theory.•Emissions embodied in imports account for ...over 50% of consumption-based emissions.•Interregional cooperation is critical at the city level for tackling climate change.
Carbon emission inventories are the foundations of climate change mitigation and adaptation in cities. In this study, we estimated production-based CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes in eleven cities in Hebei Province of China in 2012 and used input-output theory to measure their consumption-based CO2 emissions. By comprehensively comparing production- and consumption-based emissions, we found that six developed cities were consumers with import-depended trade patterns, while the five other cities were producers, mostly medium in size, with the potential to transform into consumer cities with socioeconomic development. Emissions embodied in imports accounted for more than half of the consumption-based emissions in most cities, which shows the significance of interregional cooperation in tackling climate change. International cooperation is also important at the city level, as international imports also impact consumption-based emissions. From the perspective of final use, emissions caused by fixed capital formation predominated in most cities and were determined by their economic development models.
Under new democratic regimes in the countries of the Global South, governance innovation is often found at the regional level. This article, using the concept of institutional capacity, shows that ...powerful efforts affecting regional water resource coordination emerge locally. The article analyses fresh water cooperation in the urban region of Cirebon, Indonesia. It is shown that the city and its surrounding regions in decentralising Indonesia show signs of increasing institutional capacity between local actors. An informal approach and discretionary local decision-making, influenced by the logic of appropriateness and tolerance, are influential. At the same time, these capacities are compromised by significant inequality and a unilateral control of water resources, and they are being challenged by a strong authoritarian political culture inherited from a history of centralised government. The article points to the need to establish greater opportunities for water governance at the regional level to transcend inter-local rivalry, and thus improve decentralised institutional capacity further.
在全球南方国家的新民主制度下，治理创新往往在区域一级发生。本文利用制度能力的概念表明，影响区域水资源协调的有力努力正在地方层面出现。文章分析了印度尼西亚井里汶市区的淡水合作。我们证明，实施分权的印度尼西亚的城市及其周边地区显示出当地参与者之间制度能力的提升。非正式方法和自由裁量的地方决策（受适当性和宽容逻辑影响）具有影响力。与此同时，这些能力受到严重的不平等和水资源单方面控制的影响，并且受到中央集权政府历史遗留下来的强大威权政治文化的挑战。本文指出有必要给予区域一级更大的水治理机会，以超越地方间的竞争，从而进一步提高分权的制度能力。
Gentrifying the peri-urban Hudalah, Delik; Winarso, Haryo; Woltjer, Johan
Urban studies (Edinburgh, Scotland),
02/2016, Letnik:
53, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper aims to specify the meaning of gentrification in rapidly peri-urbanising metropolitan regions in the context of Indonesia’s rapid transition to decentralisation and democracy. It discusses ...a case study of conflict over an environmental revitalisation project in a peri-urban area of Bandung City. The analysis focuses on the political processes, tactics and strategies supporting and opposing peri-urban gentrification and their consequences. The analysis illustrates how these political dynamics mediate the interaction between the movement of capital and the spatial reorganisation of social classes. It is argued that in the context of a peri-urbanising metropolis, gentrification needs to be narrated less in terms of class-based neighbourhood succession and more in terms of competing cross-class coalitions emerging at local and regional levels.
Although urbanization in smaller cities is arguably not imperative, the future of urban living is no longer expected to be principally in mega-cities. People increasingly live in intermediate and ...smaller cities, in line with the proportion of people residing in urban areas, which is also gradually rising. Smaller cities in Indonesia, like other smaller cities in the developing world, are relatively densely populated, and many of them are experiencing extended urbanization, thereby exceeding their administrative boundaries. This paper seeks to explore the factors triggering urban development in these smaller cities, for a case in Indonesia. Urban change in Cirebon Region has accelerated in recent years, very much in line with the decentralization policy in Indonesia. This paper shows how urban change is influenced by economic restructuring, which encourages people to live closer to the core of the region, representing a new link between the core and new emerging urban areas in the region. This paper reveals these attributes to identify the characteristics of smaller urban centres, thereby contributing a more nuanced image of small cities in general.
•We elaborate the driving forces behind extended small city development in Indonesia.•The concentric pattern and accelerated development characterize the development.•Urbanization is mostly triggered by centripetal forces from economic restructuring.•Settlement expansion is generated by the mechanism within housing market.•Public needs and developers' profit-seeking behaviour enforce the mechanism.
Industrial land development has become a key feature of urbanization in Greater Jakarta, one of the largest metropolitan areas in Southeast Asia. Following Suharto's market-oriented policy measures ...in the late 1980s, private developers have dominated the land development projects in Greater Jakarta. The article investigates the extent to which these private industrial centers have effectively reduced the domination of Jakarta in shaping the entire metropolitan structure. The analysis indicates that major suburban industrial centers have captured most of the manufacturing employment that has dispersed from Jakarta. The industrial centers have now increasingly specialized and diversified. It is likely that a polycentric metropolitan structure will emerge in the future.
Regional planning and development is continuing to take an important role in planning agendas throughout Europe. In the United Kingdom (UK), the planning system has been reformed during the last ...decades, marking a noticeable shift from a development-led towards a more plan-led system. In the Netherlands, strictly regulated growth-control policies have been abandoned to some degree, in favor of more decentralized planning policies featuring negotiated development. Dutch planners have been specifically interested in a more British approach, that is, a more discretionary and development-led type of approach to spatial planning. In this paper, we will discuss current efforts in Dutch regional planning to adopt new principles for planning delivery and will provide a comparative perspective between spatial planning in the UK and the Netherlands. This paper discusses the changing structure of planning delivery in both countries. At the same time, it establishes a framework for identifying critical lessons for Dutch regional planning practice as opposed to planning in the UK. Three characteristics are pivotal for the comparison: (1) the establishment of comprehensive principles for project coordination; (2) options for the settlement of planning gain, packaging interests, and regional redistribution; and (3) the institution for development-oriented planning and discretion for planning decisions. The evidence used is based on a literature review of recent debates in both countries and illustrative cases, including the Dutch ‘Heart of the Heuvelrug’ plan.
This paper discusses the interaction between institutional-cultural forces and globalizing neo-liberal ideas in the discussion on the formulation of the draft of new Spatial Planning Act in ...Indonesia. Although the neo-liberal ideas cannot change the whole nature of the planning system, this paper shows that they fragment the system and conflict with the existing institutional-cultural forces. It argues that the ideas of rule of law and decentralization, as promoted by the neo-liberalism, should be encouraged in order to develop a more effective planning system in Indonesia.
The majority of problems in managing maritime transport originate from fragmented governance. The practice of coordinating decisions across different ports or between port and hinterland can pose a ...significant challenge in many countries. A related issue is that suggestions for maritime transport governance in the current literature are less clearly focused on the Global South. The present study aimed to identify challenges in improving the governance of maritime transport systems. This paper presents a case study focused on Indonesia to serve as an example from the Global South. We conducted a content analysis of policy and implementation documents to paint a comprehensive picture of contemporary governance practices and the challenges encountered in maritime transport. Here, maritime transport is defined as a system that consists of three main subsystems: port-to-port, within-port, and port-to-hinterland connectivity. Our study illustrates that the same maritime transportation system in the Global South can have different governance patterns with different strengths and weaknesses. We point to the importance for transportation planners and policy makers in the Global South to be aware that fragmentation must be understood in view of these interrelated subsystems, but also that coordination requires a focus on practicalities and thus that less-comprehensive forms of integration may well be legitimate in policy formulation. In improving maritime transport systems, transportation planners and policymakers in the Global South must be aware of the challenge that changes in one sub-system will define other sub-systems while no universal one-fits-all solution for the whole system exists.
This paper investigates emerging models of governance for shared water resources in decentralized urban regions in Indonesia and draws on a case of inter-local government collaboration for shared ...water resources in Cirebon region, Indonesia. The paper points to cooperation practice involving a mixed-model of governance for sharing water. by identifying a series of requirements for mixed governance. This model suits well not only because of the regional nature of water resource management in general, but also because such a model is likely to strengthen trust, increase transparency, and provide more equal positions among regions or stakeholders involved. Crucially, this model tends to decrease problematic levels of local autonomy and inter-local rivalry, which currently appears as a major challenge for shared water resource cooperation attempts in the decentralizing contexts of Indonesia and beyond.
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