Grit is defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, and it may affect the stability of the nursing workforce and the physical and mental health of nurses continuously. Meaning in life ...has received considerable attention from scholars, which is an important component in positive psychology. This study aimed to delve into the relationship between grit and the meaning in life of Chinese nurses. Additionally, we also sought to prove the chain mediating effect of social support and hope on this relationship. An online questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 704 Chinese nurses using the self-made demographic questionnaire with Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Moreover, Process version 3.3 plug-in SPSS 25 was used to test the mediation effect between variables. The results showed a strong positive relationship between grit and meaning in life and verified the mediating effect of social support and hope on grit and meaning in life. The results also confirmed the chain mediating model between grit, social support, hope, and meaning in life.
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been appreciated for its critical contribution to obesity-associated metabolic diseases in recent years. Here, we discuss the regulation of ATM on both metabolic ...homeostatsis and dysfunction. In particular, the macrophage polarization and recruitment as well as the crosstalk between ATM and adipocyte in thermogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue fibrosis have been reviewed. A better understanding of how ATM regulates adipose tissue remodeling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
As at a high-risk group of psychological distress, nurses generally experience varying degrees of stress, anxiety, and depression. This paper identifies the positive factors that may negatively ...regulate the psychological pain of clinical nurses and their mechanisms of action, providing reliable references for clinical nurse support management. The effects and mechanisms of hope and the two components of grit consistency of interest and perseverance of effort) on clinical nurses’ psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) were observed in this study. A total of 635 Chinese clinical nurses (90.4% female) completed an anonymous questionnaire for the survey. As expected, hope, consistency of interest, and perseverance of effort were negatively correlated with the three indicators of psychological distress (
r
= −0.21 ~ −0.38,
p
< 0.01). Path analysis results showed that hope significantly mediated the negative effect of consistency of interest on psychological distress, with an effect of 12.96%. Hope also covered up the perseverance of effort on psychological distress, the effect of 110.63%. In the influence of consistency of interest and perseverance of effort on psychological distress, hope contributed a vital mediating. Based on these results, it can be concluded that grit and hope have protective effects on psychological distress in clinical nurses. Significantly increasing the level of hope or grit may effectively prevent and reduce psychological distress in clinical nurses.
The impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) extraction on the structural, rheological, and functional properties of goji berry and raspberry pectic polysaccharides were investigated under acidic and ...alkaline conditions. These properties were compared with those of pectic polysaccharides extracted by conventional hot-acid and cold-alkali methods. Extraction yield, molecular weight, rheological behavior, and antioxidant activity of pectic extracts depended on the source materials of extraction. The solvent pH was the driving factor for the degree of esterification, as revealed by NMR and FTIR analysis. Monosaccharide composition was the primary variable between the extracts. The hot-acid extraction led to the highest galacturonic acid (GalA) contents, 46.9% for goji berry and 65.2% for raspberry, indicating the prevalence of homogalacturonans (HG) regions. HPP-assisted acidic/alkaline extractions gave rise to higher rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) regions, pointing to the prevalence of hairy regions. The antioxidant activity of raspberry extracts was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than goji berry extracts. The higher amount of RG-I may determine the higher antioxidant activity of raspberry pectic polysaccharides. The correlation between structural parameters and the lipase inhibitory activity also revealed that the higher lipase inhibitory activity of pectic polysaccharides is mostly correlated with the higher content of RG-I (r = 0.9259, P = 0.00033). Thus, HPP-assisted extraction may intensify the lipase inhibitory activity of pectic polysaccharides by increasing their RG-I content.
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•Goji berry and raspberry pectins were obtained by high-pressure processing, hot-acid, cold-alkali.•Effects of extraction method on extracts yield, Mw and rheology were source-dependent.•Hot-acid extraction led to the highest galacturonic acid content (high HG region).•HPP-assisted extractions increased rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) regions.•Higher RG-I is correlated with higher lipase inhibitory activity of pectin.
Abstract Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a new technique for quantifying magnetic susceptibility. It has already found various applications in quantifying in vivo iron content, ...calcifications and changes in venous oxygen saturation. The accuracy of susceptibility mapping is dependent on several factors. In this review, we evaluate the entire process of QSM from data acquisition to individual data processing steps. We also show preliminary results of several new concepts introduced in this review in an attempt to improve the quality and accuracy for certain steps. The uncertainties in estimating susceptibility differences using susceptibility maps, phase images, and T2 * maps are analyzed and compared. Finally, example clinical applications are presented. We conclude that QSM holds great promise in quantifying iron and becoming a standard clinical tool.
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) pectin is composed of backbone of repeating disaccharide units →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and neutral sugar side-chains mainly consisting of arabinose and galactose ...having variable types of linkages. However, since traditional pectin extraction methods damages the RG-I structure, the characteristics and health effects of RG-I remains unclear. Recently, many studies have focused on RG-I, which is often more active than the homogalacturonan (HG) portion of pectic polysaccharides. In food products, RG-I is common to fruits and vegetables and possesses many health benefits. This timely and comprehensive review describes the many different facets of RG-I, including its dietary sources, history, metabolism and potential functionalities, all of which have been compiled to establish a platform for taking full advantage of the functional value of RG-I pectin.
Abstract Multimodality molecular imaging has recently attracted much attention, because it can take advantage of individual imaging modalities by fusing together information from several molecular ...imaging techniques. Herein, we report a multifunctional lanthanide-based nanoparticle for near-infrared to near-infrared (NIR-to-NIR) upconversion luminescence (UCL), X-ray computed tomography (CT) and T1 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) trimodality in-vivo imaging. By careful selection of the lanthanide elements, core–shell structured lanthanide-based nanoparticles, NaLuF4 :Yb3+ ,Tm3+ @SiO2 -GdDTPA nanoparticles (UCNP@SiO2 -GdDTPA) have been designed and synthesized. We also prove that the application of UCNP@SiO2 -GdDTPA for NIR-to-NIR UCL, CT and MRI multi-modality in-vivo imaging can be established successfully. In addition, the biological toxicity of UCNP@SiO2 -GdDTPA is evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and histological analysis of viscera sections.
•Applying GARCH–BEKK model to estimate volatility spillover and construct volatility network.•The volatility spatial connectedness in G20 stock markets is time-varying.•The volatility network can be ...divided into four different spillover function blocks through block models.•The internal volatility of each block has obvious “rich-club” effect.
This paper investigates the spatial connectedness of volatility spillovers in G20 stock markets. For this purpose, we apply GARCH–BEKK model to estimate volatility spillover and construct volatility networks. The results show that the spatial connectedness is time-varying, and the turmoil periods intensify volatility linkages. Further, we find that volatility networks can be divided into four different blocks by block models. And the volatility in each block has obvious “rich-club”. In the world trade friction, the source of the volatility risk is the country that is levied by the US tariff, and the volatility risk will eventually spread to the US.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are associated with loss of nuclear transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Here we identify that TDP-43 regulates ...expression of the neuronal growth-associated factor stathmin-2. Lowered TDP-43 levels, which reduce its binding to sites within the first intron of stathmin-2 pre-messenger RNA, uncover a cryptic polyadenylation site whose utilization produces a truncated, non-functional mRNA. Reduced stathmin-2 expression is found in neurons trans-differentiated from patient fibroblasts expressing an ALS-causing TDP-43 mutation, in motor cortex and spinal motor neurons from patients with sporadic ALS and familial ALS with GGGGCC repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene, and in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons depleted of TDP-43. Remarkably, while reduction in TDP-43 is shown to inhibit axonal regeneration of iPSC-derived motor neurons, rescue of stathmin-2 expression restores axonal regenerative capacity. Thus, premature polyadenylation-mediated reduction in stathmin-2 is a hallmark of ALS-FTD that functionally links reduced nuclear TDP-43 function to enhanced neuronal vulnerability.
Nurse job satisfaction, defined as the positive emotional state experienced by nurses regarding their profession, factors related to job performance and outcomes, can affect their career planning and ...development. Grit, defined as an individual's relentless effort and enduring enthusiasm for long-term goals, is essential for developing nurses' competence, increasing job satisfaction, and reducing the willingness to leave the profession. The present study aims to explore the correlation between grit and job satisfaction, whether perceived stress could act as a mediator of the relationship and whether optimism moderated the mediating effect among nurses working in hospitals in southwest China.
The cross-sectional study utilized self-reported data gathered from 709 nurses in southwest China. To analyze mediating and moderating effects, bootstrapping regressions were conducted.
Perceived pressure mediated the relationship between grit and job satisfaction (indirect effect = 0.195, 95%CI 0.145,0.250). Furthermore, moderated mediated analysis revealed that optimism moderated grit's impact on perceived stress (moderating effect = 0.036, 95% CI 0.010, 0.061).
Low levels of grit might reduce nurses' job satisfaction as their perceived stress levels increase. However, optimism among nurses could diminish this negative effect. Nursing managers should actively seek to improve the grit and optimism of hospital nurses while reducing their perceived pressure, thereby improving job satisfaction.
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