According to the figure, it shows that a uniform and protective oxide scale (approximately 5–10μm) formed on the surface of Mo–Si–B coating. Display omitted
•Mo–Si–B coating was applied to Nb based ...in situ composites by a two-step process.•The obtained coating exhibits the good high temperature oxidation resistance.•The good oxidation resistance is due to the formation of a protective glass oxide.
The development of robust high temperature oxidation resistant coatings for Nb–Si based alloy was evaluated for a Mo–Si–B coating system that was applied by a two step process. It is observed that the coating is composed of an outer layer of MoSi2 containing boride dispersoids and an inner layer of unreacted Mo. The mass gain of substrate and Mo–Si–B coating is 190.08 and 1.28mgcm−2 after oxidation at 1250°C in dry air for 100h, respectively. The good oxidation resistance of the coating is attributed to the formation of a continuous borosilicate glass coverage.
Alternative splicing generates differing RNA isoforms that govern phenotypic complexity of eukaryotes. Its malfunction underlies many diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. ...Comparative analysis of RNA isoforms at the genome-wide scale has been difficult. Here, we establish an experimental and computational pipeline that performs de novo transcript annotation and accurately quantifies transcript isoforms from cDNA sequences with a full-length isoform detection accuracy of 97.6%. We generate a searchable, quantitative human transcriptome annotation with 31,025 known and 5,740 novel transcript isoforms ( http://steinmetzlab.embl.de/iBrowser/ ). By analyzing the isoforms in the presence of RNA Binding Motif Protein 20 (RBM20) mutations associated with aggressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we identify 121 differentially expressed transcript isoforms in 107 cardiac genes. Our approach enables quantitative dissection of complex transcript architecture instead of mere identification of inclusion or exclusion of individual exons, as exemplified by the discovery of IMMT isoforms mis-spliced by RBM20 mutations. Thereby we achieve a path to direct differential expression testing independent of an existing annotation of transcript isoforms, providing more immediate biological interpretation and higher resolution transcriptome comparisons.
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•M. purpuresus M183, generated by ARTP, with pigments production of 8460 U/g.•Response surface methodology applied significantly enhanced the MPs production.•Immobilization ...fermentation operated by utilization of 3% sodium alginate.•A simultaneous fermentation process and separation system was established for MPs.
A mutant Monascus purpureus strain, M183, which produced monascus pigments (MPs) at 8460 U/g via solid-state batch-fermentation, was generated using the atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutation system. The optimal glucose concentration (80 g/L) in traditional fermentation media that yielded the highest MPs productivity was determined. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to maximize MPs production using liquid-state batch-fermentation. Under optimal conditions (0.58 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.02 g/L ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.02 g/L FeSO4·7H2O and 4.85 g/L NH4NO3), 207.67 U/mL of MPs were produced with 98.12% validity based on the predicted value. Extracellular MPs production increased significantly to 35.52 U/mL, compared to 14.19 U/mL of the original strain, M. purpureus LQ-6. M. purpureus spores immobilized in sodium alginate were studied. A simultaneous fermentation and separation system was established for MPs using the novel absorption resin LX300C to enhance production efficiency of extracellular MPs.
Abstract
Flash floods show strong regional differentiation in spatial–temporal distribution and driving forces, thereby hindering their effective prevention and control. This study analyzed the ...spatiotemporal characteristics of flash floods in Shaanxi Province, China, differentiated among the northern Shaanxi (NS), Guanzhong (GZ), and southern Shaanxi (SS) regions based on the Mann–Kendall, Theil–Sen Median, and standard deviation ellipse methods. The main factors driving disasters and their interactions in each region were then identified within the three categories of precipitation factor (PPF), surface environment factor, and human activity factor (HAF) based on a geographical detector. Finally, the differences in flash flood characteristics among the NS, GZ, and SS regions were analyzed. The results showed that flash floods in Shaanxi Province are greatly affected by the PPF and the HAF, although the spatial–temporal characteristics and disaster-causing factors were significantly different in each region. The regions were ranked according to the number and growth trends of flash floods as follows: SS > GZ > NS. Furthermore, flash floods were affected by multiple factors, with the interaction between factors acting as a driving force of flash floods. The results of this study can provide a reference for the management of flash floods under regional differentiation.
How to expand an owner’s market demand for BIM and fundamentally mobilize an owner’s application enthusiasm is of great significance to the high-quality development and effective promotion of BIM. ...Taking the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the basic framework and integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), we build a theoretical model of an owner’s adoption behavior mechanism for BIM technology. The theoretical model is tested by the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The research results show that the perceived usefulness of BIM technology by an owner is the most significant factor that affects the owner’s behavioral intention to apply BIM technology. The influence of attitude on behavioral intention is very weak and not significant. Subjective norms can significantly and positively affect an owner’s adoption intention. The perceived ease of use has a positive impact on the adoption intention of BIM technology, but its role is very limited. The adoption intention of an owner can positively affect adoption behavior and has a direct driving effect. The research results can improve the relevant research on BIM, encourage an owner to actively participate in the development process of BIM, and further promote the comprehensive promotion and application of BIM.
In eukaryotes and archaea, tRNA splicing generates free intron molecules. Although ∼ 600,000 introns are produced per generation in yeast, they are barely detectable in cells, indicating efficient ...turnover of introns. Through a genome-wide search for genes involved in tRNA biology in yeast, we uncovered the mechanism for intron turnover. This process requires healing of the 5' termini of linear introns by the tRNA ligase Rlg1 and destruction by the cytoplasmic tRNA quality control 5'-to-3' exonuclease Xrn1, which has specificity for RNAs with 5' monophosphate.
Transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) are essential for protein synthesis. However, key gene products involved in tRNA biogenesis and subcellular movement remain to be discovered. We conducted the first ...comprehensive unbiased analysis of the role of nearly an entire proteome in tRNA biology and describe 162 novel and 12 previously known Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene products that function in tRNA processing, turnover, and subcellular movement. tRNA nuclear export is of particular interest because it is essential, but the known tRNA exporters (Los1 exportin-t and Msn5 exportin-5) are unessential. We report that mutations of CRM1 (Exportin-1), MEX67/MTR2 (TAP/p15), and five nucleoporins cause accumulation of unspliced tRNA, a hallmark of defective tRNA nuclear export. CRM1 mutation genetically interacts with los1Δ and causes altered tRNA nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution. The data implicate roles for the protein and mRNA nuclear export machineries in tRNA nuclear export. Mutations of genes encoding actin cytoskeleton components and mitochondrial outer membrane proteins also cause accumulation of unspliced tRNA, likely due to defective splicing on mitochondria. Additional gene products, such as chromatin modification enzymes, have unanticipated effects on pre-tRNA end processing. Thus, this genome-wide screen uncovered putative novel pathways for tRNA nuclear export and extensive links between tRNA biology and other aspects of cell physiology.
The long-term rental apartment market in China is steadily growing to be a trillion-dollar sector, but excessive market growth can lead to several issues. Due to the high demand for long-term ...rentals, many investors will enter the market. Nevertheless, without direction and supervision, it is simple to overdevelop the supply of long-term rentals, which would have negative effects on the real estate market. Long-term rental apartments involve a variety of companies, and it is vital that we drive their beneficial growth. To provide other operators with a comparison to find flaws, enhance improvements, and prevent irrationally increasing the stock, this paper uses the Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making method to identify the most well-liked long-term rental apartment operators and the most significant rental needs of tenants in the market environment. The results of the study show that real estate developers’ flats are the most popular among the four major operators, and that C4: Providing emotional value, C7: Ability to resist risk and C8: Ability to prevent social incidents are aspects that tenants value more than others. The results of the study provide real estate operators with directions for optimization, provide other operators with criteria for improvement, prevent blind increases in rental stock and provide operators with a healthy competitive environment, which is of great significance to the healthy development of long-term rental apartments in China.
Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and directed differentiation of iPSCs into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) make it possible to model genetic heart disease in vitro. We ...apply CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to introduce three RBM20 mutations in iPSCs and differentiate them into iPSC-CMs to establish an in vitro model of RBM20 mutant dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In iPSC-CMs harboring a known causal RBM20 variant, the splicing of RBM20 target genes, calcium handling, and contractility are impaired consistent with the disease manifestation in patients. A variant (Pro633Leu) identified by exome sequencing of patient genomes displays the same disease phenotypes, thus establishing this variant as disease causing. We find that all-trans retinoic acid upregulates RBM20 expression and reverts the splicing, calcium handling, and contractility defects in iPSC-CMs with different causal RBM20 mutations. These results suggest that pharmacological upregulation of RBM20 expression is a promising therapeutic strategy for DCM patients with a heterozygous mutation in RBM20.
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•RBM20 mutant DCM iPSC-cardiomyocytes show mRNA splicing and contractile defects•RBM20 P633L variant causes the phenotypes of the disease•All-trans retinoic acid upregulates RBM20 mRNA and protein expression•Pharmacological RBM20 upregulation ameliorates DCM phenotypes in vitro
Briganti et al. use iPSC and CRISPR/Cas9 to create a model of RBM20-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that recapitulates mRNA splicing and contractile defects of the disease. They evaluate pharmacological upregulation of RBM20 as a therapeutic strategy. All-trans retinoic acid upregulates RBM20 expression and ameliorates the in vitro hallmarks of disease.
An effective transport system can increase access and raise land values; thus, governments should be able to capture part of this price premium for transit access. These revenues could be used to ...fund further investments in public transit or other projects. Reliable measures of the price premium for transit access can help guide governments in setting policies to capture value. Guangzhou, China, has an extensive metro rail system and the highest-capacity bus rapid transit line in China. This study examines the effects of these two public transport systems on the prices of apartments in the city by using a unique set of data collected from a mainstream Chinese real estate website. Ordinary least squares, spatial regression models, and quantile hedonic regression were used to estimate the price premium for transit access. The findings suggest that proximity to the metro and the bus rapid transit line has a substantial and statistically significant effect on apartment prices that varies by district and the amenities provided.
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